Synthesis, characterization and thermal studies on solid compounds of 2-chlorobenzylidenepyruvate of heavier trivalent lanthanides and yttrium(III)

Solid-state compounds of general formula LnL(3)center dot nH(2)O, where Ln represents heavier lanthanides and yttrium and L is 2-chlorobenzylidenepyruvate, have been synthesized. Chemical analysis, simultaneous thermogravimetry-differential analysis (TG-DTA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray powder diffractometry, elemental analysis and infrared spectroscopy have been employed to characterize and to study the thermal behaviour of these compounds in dynamic air atmosphere.On heating these compounds decompose in four (Gd, Tb, Ho to Lu, Y) or five (Eu, Dy) steps. They lose the hydration water in the first step and the thermal decomposition of the anhydrous compounds up to 1200 degrees C occurs with the formation of the respective oxide, Tb4O7 and Ln(2)O(3) (Ln=Eu, Gd, Dy to Lu and Y) as final residue. The dehydration enthalpies found for these compounds (Eu, to Lu and Y) were: 65.77, 55.63, 86.89, 121.65, 99.80, 109.59, 131.02, 119.78, 205.46 and 83.11 kJ mol(-1), respectively.

Synthesis, characterization and thermal behaviour of solid 4-methoxybenzoates of heavier trivalent lanthanides

Solid-state Ln-4-MeO-Bz compounds, where Ln stands for trivalent Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu and Y and 4-MeO-Bz is 4-methoxybenzoate, have been synthesized. Simultaneous thermogravimetry and differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray powder diffractometry, infrared spectroscopy and complexometry were used to characterize and to study the thermal behaviour of these compounds. The results led to information about the composition, dehydration, phase transition, coordination mode, structure, thermal behaviour and thermal decomposition of the isolated compounds. The phase transition observed in the some compounds has been reported for the first time. (C) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Synthesis, characterization and thermal behaviour of solid 2-methoxybenzoates of trivalent metals

Solid-state Ln(L)(3) compounds, where Ln stands for trivalent Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu and Y and L is 2-methoxybenzoate have been synthesized. Simultaneous thermogravimetry and differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray powder diffractometry, infrared spectroscopy and complexometry were used to characterize and to study the thermal behaviour of these compounds. The results provided information on the composition, dehydration, coordination mode, structure, thermal behaviour and thermal decomposition.

Rheological Analysis of Water Clay Compositions in Order to Investigate Mudflows Developing in Canals

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Synthesis, characterization and thermal behaviour of solid-state 3-methoxybenzoates of heavy trivalent lanthanides and yttrium(III)

Solid-state Ln(L)(3) compounds, where Ln stands for trivalent Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu and Y, and L is 3-methoxybenzoate, have been synthesized. X-ray powder diffractometry, infrared spectroscopy, complexometry and elemental analysis were used to characterize the compounds. In order to study the thermal behaviour of these compounds simultaneous thermogravimetry and differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were used. The results provided information on the composition, dehydration, polymorphic transformation, thermal stability and thermal decomposition of the synthesized compounds.

Terbium(III) and dysprosium(III) 8-connected 3D networks containing 2,5-thiophenedicarboxylate anion: Crystal structures and photoluminescence studies

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Crystal and supramolecular structures of dysprosium(III) 2-methoxybenzoate tetrahydrate

The compound dysprosium(III) 2-metoxybenzoate, {[Dy(2-MeO-Bz)2μ-(2-MeO-Bz)(H2O)2]2·4H2O}n (2-MeO-Bz = 2- methoxybenzoate), was synthesized from a reaction mixture containing DyCl3 and Na(2-MeO-Bz), and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The molecular structure showed dinuclear units in which each Dy(III) ion is coordinated by nine oxygen atoms. The carboxylato groups are bound to the dysprosium centers in two modes: bidentate chelating and tridentate chelating-bridging. Besides this, the occurrence of hydrogen bonds involving a coordinated water molecule and carboxylato groups leads to the formation of helicoidal chains along the crystal lattice, resulting in a supramolecular one-dimensional polymer. 2008 © The Japan Society for Analytical Chemistry.

Early onset obsessive-compulsive disorder with and without tics

Introduction: Research suggests that obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is not a unitary entity, but rather a highly heterogeneous condition, with complex and variable clinical manifestations. Objective: The aims of this study were to compare clinical and demographic characteristics of OCD patients with early and late age of onset of obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS); and to compare the same features in early onset OCD with and without tics. The independent impact of age at onset and presence of tics on comorbidity patterns was investigated. Methods: Three hundred and thirty consecutive outpatients meeting Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition criteria for OCD were evaluated: 160 patients belonged to the early onset group (EOG): before 11 years of age, 75 patients had an intermediate onset (IOG), and 95 patients were from the late onset group (LOG): after 18 years of age. From the 160 EOG, 60 had comorbidity with tic disorders. The diagnostic instruments used were: the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale and the Dimensional Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (DY-BOCS), Yale Global Tics Severity Scale; and Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders-patient edition. Statistical tests used were: Mann-Whitney, full Bayesian significance test, and logistic regression. © MBL Communications Inc.

Integrated X-ray crystallography, optical and computational methods in studies of structure and luminescence of new synthesized complexes of lanthanides with ligands derived from 2,6-diformylpyridine

The reaction of 2,6-diformylpyridine-bis(benzoylhydrazone) [dfpbbh] and 2,6-diformylpyridine-bis(4-phenylsemicarbazone) [dfpbpsc] with lanthanides salts yielded the new chelates complexes [Eu(dfpbpsc-H +) 2]NO 3 (1), [Dy(fbhmp) 2][Dy(dfpbbh-2H +) 2]·2EtOH·2H 2O (fbhmp = 2-formylbenzoylhydrazone-6-methoxide-pyridine; Ph = phenyl; Py = pyridine; Et = ethyl) and [Er 2(dfpbbh-2H +) 2(μ-NO 3)(H 2O) 2(OH)]·H 2O. X-ray diffraction analysis was employed for the structural characterization of the three chelate complexes. In the case of complex 1, optical, synthetic and computational methods were also exploited for ground state structure determinations and triplet energy level of the ligand and HOMO-LUMO calculations, as well as for a detailed study of its luminescence properties. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Dimensional correlates of poor insight in obsessive-compulsive disorder

Background: Cross-sectional studies have associated poor insight in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) with increased OCD symptom severity, earlier age of onset, comorbid depression, and treatment response. The goal of this current study was to examine the relationship between dimensions of OCD symptomatology and insight in a large clinical cohort of Brazilian patients with OCD. We hypothesized that poor insight would be associated with total symptom severity as well as with hoarding symptoms severity, specifically. Methods: 824 outpatients underwent a detailed clinical assessment for OCD, including the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS), the Dimensional Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (DY-BOCS), the Brown Assessment of Beliefs Scale (BABS), a socio-demographic questionnaire, and the Structured Clinical Interview for axis I DSM-IV disorders (SCID-P). Tobit regression models were used to examine the association between level of insight and clinical variables of interest. Results: Increased severity of current and worst-ever hoarding symptoms and higher rate of unemployment were associated with poor insight in OCD after controlling for current OCD severity, age and gender. Poor insight was also correlated with increased severity of current OCD symptoms. Conclusion: Hoarding and overall OCD severity were significantly but weakly associated with level of insight in OCD patients. Further studies should examine insight as a moderator and mediator of treatment response in OCD in both behavioral therapy and pharmacological trials. Behavioral techniques aimed at enhancing insight may be potentially beneficial in OCD, especially among patients with hoarding. © 2011.

First crystal structures of lanthanide-hydrocinnamate complexes: Hydrothermal synthesis and photophysical studies

Five new lanthanide(III) complexes of hydrocinnamic acid (Hcin), [Ln(cin)3(H2O)3]·3Hcin (Ln = Tb(III) (1), Dy(III) (2), Er(III) (3), Eu(III) (4) and Gd(III) (5)) have been synthesized and characterized. The X-ray structures of 1-5 reveal that all compounds are isostructural and that each lanthanide ion is nine-coordinated by oxygen atoms in an overall distorted tricapped trigonal-prismatic geometry. Six oxygen atoms are provided by carboxylate moieties, and the other three by water molecules. The supramolecular architectures of 1-5 show the presence of uncoordinated hydrocinnamic acid molecules which induce the formation of numerous hydrogen bonds. The photophysical properties of these complexes in the solid state at room temperature were studied using diffuse reflectance (DR), fluorescence excitation and emission spectra. An energy level diagram was used to establish the most relevant channels involved in the ligand-to-metal energy transfer, indicating that cin- ligands can act as intramolecular energy donors for Tb(III), Dy(III) and Eu(III) ions. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.

Thermoanalytical study of heavier trivalent lanthanides fumarates

Solid-state heavier lanthanides fumarates compounds have been synthesized, and the compounds were characterized by employing simultaneous thermogravimetry and differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), TG coupled to FTIR, elemental analysis, and complexometry. On heating, the dehydration occurs in a single and two consecutive steps and the thermal decomposition of the anhydrous compounds occurs in consecutive and/or overlapping steps, with formation of the respective oxides: Tb4O7 and Ln2O3 (Ln=Dy to Lu). The results also led to information about composition, thermal behavior, and the type of coordination of the isolated compounds. © 2012 Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, Hungary.

Symptom dimensions, clinical course and comorbidity in men and women with obsessive-compulsive disorder

The study aimed to compare male and female patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) across symptom dimensions, clinical course and comorbidity. A cross-sectional study was undertaken with 858 adult OCD patients (DSM-IV) from the Brazilian Research Consortium on Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders. Patients were evaluated using structured interviews, including the Dimensional Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (DY-BOCS) and the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I disorders (SCID-I). The sample was composed of 504 women (58.7%) and 354 men (41.3%) with a mean age of 35.4 years-old (range: 18-77). Men were younger, more frequently single and presented more tics, social phobia and alcohol use disorders. Among men, symptom interference occurred earlier and symptoms of the sexual/religious dimension were more common and more severe. Conversely, women were more likely to present symptoms of the aggressive, contamination/cleaning and hoarding dimension and comorbidity with specific phobias, anorexia nervosa, bulimia, trichotillomania, skin picking and compulsive buying. In the logistic regression, female gender remained independently associated with the aggressive and contamination/cleaning dimensions. In both genders the aggressive dimension remained associated with comorbid post-traumatic stress disorder, the sexual/religious dimension with major depression and the hoarding dimension with tic disorders. Gender seems to be relevant in the determination of OCD clinical presentation and course and should be considered an important aspect when defining more homogeneous OCD subgroups. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.

Clinical features of pure obsessive-compulsive disorder

Objective Psychiatric comorbidity is the rule in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD); however, very few studies have evaluated the clinical characteristics of patients with no co-occurring disorders (non-comorbid or pure OCD). The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of pure cases in a large multicenter sample of OCD patients and compare the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of individuals with and without any lifetime axis I comorbidity. Method A cross-sectional study with 955 adult patients of the Brazilian Research Consortium on Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders (C-TOC). Assessment instruments included the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale, the Dimensional Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale, The USP-Sensory Phenomena Scale and the Brown Assessment of Beliefs Scale. Comorbidities were evaluated using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders. Bivariate analyses were followed by logistic regression. Results Only 74 patients (7.7%) presented pure OCD. Compared with those presenting at least one lifetime comorbidity (881, 92.3%), non-comorbid patients were more likely to be female and to be working, reported less traumatic experiences and presented lower scores in the Y-BOCS obsession subscale and in total DY-BOCS scores. All symptom dimensions except contamination-cleaning and hoarding were less severe in non-comorbid patients. They also presented less severe depression and anxiety, lower suicidality and less previous treatments. In the logistic regression, the following variables predicted pure OCD: sex, severity of depressive and anxious symptoms, previous suicidal thoughts and psychotherapy. Conclusions Pure OCD patients were the minority in this large sample and were characterized by female sex, less severe depressive and anxious symptoms, less suicidal thoughts and less use of psychotherapy as a treatment modality. The implications of these findings for clinical practice are discussed. © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Avaliação dos efeitos fisiológicos e bioquímicos do tratamento com curcumina incorporada ao iogurte no diabetes experimental

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)