Phenotypic and genetic parameters compared during repeated measures of longissimus muscle area and subcutaneous fat thickness in Nelore cattle

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Antecipação da adubação de semeadura do milho em dois sistemas de manejo do solo

Cada sistema de manejo do solo é trabalhado de maneira própria, alterando de forma diferenciada suas propriedades químicas, físicas e biológicas, podendo requerer modificações nas recomendações e no manejo da adubação. Com a finalidade de avaliar o desempenho de três cultivares de milho em relação à adubação realizada em pré-semeadura, comparada à adubação na semeadura, em dois sistemas de manejo do solo, foi realizado este estudo. O experimento foi conduzido na Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas da UNESP, campus de Botucatu-SP, no período de novembro de 2003 a maio de 2004, em Nitossolo Vermelho distroférrico. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso com parcelas subsubdivididas e quatro repetições. As parcelas foram constituídas pelos sistemas de manejo do solo (plantio direto e preparo reduzido com escarificação); as subparcelas, pelas épocas de adubação (adubação de pré-semeadura na superfície do solo, realizada 22 dias antes da semeadura do milho, e adubação feita junto com a semeadura do milho, sendo os fertilizantes incorporados ao solo); e as subsubparcelas, pelos cultivares de milho (DKB 333B, CO 32 e AL Bandeirante), totalizando 12 tratamentos. Os dados de produtividade, componentes de produção e teores de N, P e K no tecido foliar foram submetidos à análise de variância e às análises multivariadas de agrupamentos e de componentes principais. Os sistemas de manejo do solo não influíram no desempenho da cultura do milho, tampouco as épocas de adubação. As diferenças observadas nos componentes de produção e no desempenho da cultura do milho foram decorrentes, principalmente, da divergência genética dos cultivares de milho.

Teaching the Rational Use of Medicines to medical students: a qualitative research

Background: Prescribing is a complex and challenging task that must be part of a logical deductive process based on accurate and objective information and not an automated action, without critical thinking or a response to commercial pressure. The objectives of this study were 1) develop and implement a discipline based on the WHO's Guide to Good Prescribing; 2) evaluate the course acceptance by students; 3) assess the impact that the Rational Use of Medicines (RUM) knowledge had on the students habits of prescribing medication in the University Hospital.Methods: In 2003, the RUM principal, based in the WHO's Guide to Good Prescribing, was included in the official curriculum of the Botucatu School of Medicine, Brazil, to be taught over a total of 24 hours to students in the 4th year. We analyzed the students' feedback forms about content and teaching methodology filled out immediately after the end of the discipline from 2003 to 2010. In 2010, the use of RUM by past students in their medical practice was assessed through a qualitative approach by a questionnaire with closed-ended rank scaling questions distributed at random and a single semistructured interview for content analysis.Results: The discipline teaches future prescribers to use a logical deductive process, based on accurate and objective information, to adopt strict criteria (efficacy, safety, convenience and cost) on selecting drugs and to write a complete prescription. At the end of it, most students considered the discipline very good due to the opportunity to reflect on different actions involved in the prescribing process and liked the teaching methodology. However, former students report that although they are aware of the RUM concepts they cannot regularly use this knowledge in their daily practice because they are not stimulated or even allowed to do so by neither older residents nor senior medical staff.Conclusions: This discipline is useful to teach RUM to medical students who become aware of the importance of this subject, but the assimilation of the RUM principles in the institution seems to be a long-term process which requires the involvement of a greater number of the academic members.

Ocorrência de lesões hepáticas provocadas por larvas de Strongylus spp diagnosticadas no exame post mortem de eqüídeos abatidos em Apucarana, Paraná

The objective of this study was to determinate the occurrence of hepatic lesions caused by migratory large Strongyle larvaes in horses slaughtered in city of Apucarana in state of Parana. The lesions were diagnostic in post mortem exam by macro and microscopic analysis. From April 2003 to April 2004,38,363 animals, coming from different regions of Brazil, were examined. The occurrence of granulomas in liver was observed in 14,443 (37.64%), with adhesions and spot in 6,645 (17,32%), and 17,275 (45.03%) without macroscopic lesions. Macroscopic analysis revealed the presence of livers with calcified nodules, the presence of whitish spots, and adhesions in the format of "lines" over the hepatic capsule. No larvae were found in the livers. Hepatic fragments were histologically processed and revealed, by optical microscopy, inflammatory cells with predominance of eosinophils around the granulomas with a moderate amount of macrophages and the presence of fibroblasts.

Water quality index as a simple indicator of aquaculture effects on aquatic bodies

This paper proposes a water quality index (WQI) to subsidize management actions in the Medio Paranapanema Watershed in São Paulo State, Brazil, as a simple pollution indicator for aquaculture activity. Water quality of the Macuco and Queixada rivers was investigated for 2 years (from May 2003 to May 2005). The index proposed in this work is composed of three measurable environmental parameters-turbidity, total phosphorus and dissolved oxygen. Concentrations of these three variables were normalized on a scale from 0 to 100 and translated into statements of water quality (excellent, good, regular, fair and poor). The index was applied to seventeen monitoring points in the aquatic bodies described above and compared to others, one being that used by the Environmental Protection Agency of United States and proposed for the National Sanitation Foundation, other employing minimal index and the last one considering the minimum operator concept. The results show that the degradation in this watershed from aquaculture activity can be easily inferred with this index, which is more restricted than the others routinely used to infer water quality. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Biology of Isopisthus parvipinnis: an abundant sciaenid species captured bycatch during sea-bob shrimp fishery in Brazil

A pesca de arrasto é o método mais comum de captura de camarão. Esta técnica causa impactos negativos na fauna demersal devido ao grande número de animais que são capturados acidentalmente e que geralmente são devolvidos mortos ao mar. As conseqüências desta metodologia de pesca e os aspectos biológicos das espécies envolvidas são pouco estudados, especialmente no Nordeste do Brasil. Este estudo tem como objetivo mostrar aspectos biológicos de Isopisthus parvipinnis (tortinha) capturada como fauna acompanhante da pesca do camarão sete barbas (Xiphopenaeus kroyeri) na região de Ilhéus, no estado da Bahia, Brasil. Um total de 1290 indivíduos foram capturados em coletas mensais, em três pontos de coleta distintos, de março de 2003 a fevereiro de 2005. O índice de dispersão de Morisita padronizado sugere que a espécie, na área analisada, apresenta uma distribuição agregada. O número de indivíduos variou significativamente entre as estações do ano (p < 0,0001), sendo maior durante o inverno. O comprimento estimado de primeira maturação (L50) foi de 159 mm, sendo que 95% dos indivíduos capturados estavam abaixo deste valor. A razão sexual encontrada foi de 1,5 machos para cada fêmea. Quanto à dieta, foram identificadas 10 categorias alimentares, sendo que Decapoda Dendobranchiata foi a mais importante em freqüência numérica e de ocorrência. Este fato sugere que Isopisthus parvipinnis é uma espécie carnívora, com tendência a carcinofagia, ao menos nos indivíduos jovens.

Explaining the high number of infected people by dengue in Rio de Janeiro in 2008 using a susceptible-infective-recovered model

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Composition and diversity of bees (Hymenoptera) attracted by Moericke traps in an agricultural area in Rio Claro, state of São Paulo, Brasil

Foram estudadas a composição e diversidade de abelhas em uma área agrícola no município de Rio Claro, Estado de São Paulo, de maio de 2003 a junho de 2004, utilizando armadilha de Moericke. O local de coleta, uma área com 58,08 hectares, caracteriza-se pela produção de grãos e a prática de plantio direto, sendo que 70% da área de entorno é utilizada para o plantio de cana-de-açúcar. Foram coletadas 456 abelhas distribuídas em 20 gêneros, pertencentes às famílias Andrenidae (4,8%), Apidae (40,8%) e Halictidae (54,4%). Espécimes dos gêneros Dialictus (38%) e Diadasia (30%) foram predominantes nesta área. A diversidade de espécies avaliadas pelos índices de Shannon e Simpson foram H =1,88 e 1/D= 4.15, respectivamente, e o índice de Equitatibilidade de 0,61.

An application of neural network technique to correct the dome temperature effects on pyrgeometer measurements

This work describes an application of a multilayer perceptron neural network technique to correct dome emission effects on longwave atmospheric radiation measurements carried out using an Eppley Precision Infrared Radiometer (PIR) pyrgeometer. It is shown that approximately 7-month-long measurements of dome and case temperatures and meteorological variables available in regular surface stations (global solar radiation, air temperature, and air relative humidity) are enough to train the neural network algorithm and correct the observed longwave radiation for dome temperature effects in surface stations with climates similar to that of the city of São Paulo, Brazil. The network was trained using data from 15 October 2003 to 7 January 2004 and verified using data, not present during the network-training period, from 8 January to 30 April 2004. The longwave radiation values generated by the neural network technique were very similar to the values obtained by Fairall et al., assumed here as the reference approach to correct dome emission effects in PIR pyrgeometers. Compared to the empirical approach the neural network technique is less limited to sensor type and time of day (allows nighttime corrections).

The role of membranous urethral afferent autonomic innervation in the continence mechanism after nerve sparing radical prostatectomy: a clinical and prospective study

Purpose: We evaluated the somatic and autonomic innervation of the pelvic floor and rhabdosphincter before and after nerve sparing radical retropubic prostatectomy using neurophysiological tests and correlated findings with clinical parameters and urinary continence. Materials and Methods: From February 2003 to October 2005, 46 patients with prostate cancer were enrolled in a controlled, prospective study. Patients were evaluated before and 6 months after nerve sparing radical retropubic prostatectomy using the UCLA-PCI urinary function domain and neurophysiological tests, including somatosensory evoked potential, and the pudendo-urethral, pudendo-anal and urethro-anal reflexes. Clinical parameters and urinary continence were correlated with afferent and efferent innervation of the membranous urethra and pelvic floor. We used strict criteria to define urinary continence as complete dryness with no leakage at all, not requiring any pads or diapers and with a UCLA-PCI score of 500. Patients with a sporadic drop of leakage, requiring up to 1 pad daily, were defined as having occasional urinary leakage. Results: Two patients were excluded from study due to urethral stricture postoperatively. We evaluated 44 patients within 6 months after surgery. The pudendo-anal and pudendo-urethral reflexes were unchanged postoperatively (p = 0.93 and 0.09, respectively), demonstrating that afferent and efferent pudendal innervation to this pelvic region was not affected by the surgery. Autonomic afferent denervation of the membranous urethral mucosa was found in 34 patients (77.3%), as demonstrated by a postoperative increase in the urethro-anal reflex sensory threshold and urethro-anal reflex latency (p <0.001 and 0.0007, respectively). Six of the 44 patients used pads. One patient with more severe leakage required 3 pads daily and 23 showed urinary leakage, including 5 who needed 1 pad per day and 18 who did not wear pads. Afferent autonomic denervation at the membranous urethral mucosa was found in 91.7% of patients with urinary leakage. Of 10 patients with preserved urethro-anal reflex latency 80% were continent. Conclusions: Sensory and motor pudendal innervation to this specific pelvic region did not change after nerve sparing radical retropubic prostatectomy. Significant autonomic afferent denervation of the membranous urethral mucosa was present in most patients postoperatively. Impaired membranous urethral sensitivity seemed to be associated with urinary incontinence, particularly in patients with occasional urinary leakage. Damage to the afferent autonomic innervation may have a role in the continence mechanism after nerve sparing radical retropubic prostatectomy.

Prevalência das arritmas cardíacas e distúrbios de condução em cães e gatos em Botucatu, Brasil (2003-2007)

Cardiac arrhythmias are important electrocardiographic disorders in small animal medicine since some of them can cause serious situations, such as cardiac arrest and death. It's essential to recognize ECG abnormalities and the frequency they occur to improve the therapy. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of cardiac arrhythmias in dogs from January 2003 to April 2007 by retrospective analysis of ECGs obtained at the Veterinary Hospital at UNESP - Botucatu - SP. The most common rhythm disturbances in this population were sinus tachycardia and ventricular premature complexes in dogs and sinoventricular rhythm in cats.

Que dança é essa?: uma proposta para a educação infantil

Pós-graduação em Artes - IA

Formação continuada de arte educadores: políticas da rede municipal de São Paulo (1996-2008)

Pós-graduação em Artes - IA

Orçamento participativo em Fortaleza/CE: construção de uma nova cultura política? (Gestão: PT – 2005 a 2008 e de 2009 a 2012)

Pós-graduação em Ciências Sociais - FFC

A política habitacional brasileira entre 2003 e 2010: rupturas e continuismos

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)