Childhood trauma in substance use disorder and depression: An analysis by gender among a Brazilian clinical sample

Objective: In this study, we compared the frequency and intensity of childhood traumas in alcohol- or other drug-dependent patients, in patients with depression, and in a control group without psychiatric diagnoses. Methods: The study had a retrospective design of a clinical sample of men and women from the groups listed above. They were evaluated by the same standardized instrument: the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire.. Results: A higher frequency and intensity of emotional, physical, and sexual abuse were found in alcohol- and other drug-dependent patients than in patients with depression, who, in turn, presented significantly higher proportions than the control group. In all of the cases, the frequency was higher among women than men. Conclusion: Because of the high frequency and intensity of childhood traumas among alcohol- or other drug-dependent patients and depressed patients, the assessment of problems due to childhood traumas among these patients is essential to a better understanding of the etiology of those disorders and to their treatment. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Violência sexual e a formação de educadores: uma proposta de intervenção

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Estudo do perfil epidemiológico da violência contra crianças, adolescentes e idosos em registros policiais

Pós-graduação em Odontologia Preventiva e Social - FOA

Avaliação do conhecimento e conduta de médicos e cirurgiões-dentistas sobre maus-tratos e violência contra a criança e o adolescente

Pós-graduação em Ciência Odontólogica - FOA

Conselheiros tutelares na linha de frente da prevenção do abuso sexual

Sexual violence against girls under the age of eighteen, in the form of sexual abuse has been identified as an endemic phenomenon by public officials in the cities of São Paulo. Among t agents and tutelary councilors, which reveal the size of their work linked to the Social Assistance System, the Health System and the Public Security System, dialoguing with their local agents. However, prevent sexual abuse and exploitation constitutes a greater challenge, consciously or unconsciously. This paper opens a discussion on the urgency of designing social networks to prevent sexual violence, with participation of researchers and university students. It is based on surveys of public officials in the years 2011 to 2013 in five cities of São Paulo, with over 200 thousand inhabitants.

Curso de formação inicial em sexualidade: relato de uma proposta interventiva

The present study aimed to identify the conceptions of students of a Pedagogy course about infantile sexuality and gender relations, checking the needs that they appointed concerning studies about sexuality and sex education in their graduation. Using this information, the authors implemented an interventional course. The instruments used for data collection were two questionnaires. 342 students participated in the first phase of the study, corresponding to the completion of the questionnaire. 38 people participated on the second step – applying the course. The issues they indicated as necessary in their course were: sexuality, sex education, child sexuality, sexual abuse, adolescence and sexuality and disability. Finally, the results of the course were very satisfactory, however, reveals how much we still need to do for training professionals to implement the work of sex education in the school context.

Violence against children and adolescents: awareness and attitudes of Brazilian dentists

Violence against children and adolescents, ranging from negligence to sexual abuse, is an imperative public health problem. The ill treatments are considered as nonaccidental traumas, actions or omissions against children, who suffer physical or emotional violence. The main perpetrators are fathers, mothers, guardians, family, friends or the children‘s primary caretaker. It is very important to identify abuse cases, because this allows proper medical and legal intervention. In Brazil, the law n. 8.069, of July 13, 1990, known as the ECA -Statute for Children and Adolescents (SCA), stipulates the obligation to report suspected or confirmed cases of ill treatment against a child or adolescent to the Guardianship Council of the respective locality. The health professionals play a crucial role with regard to identifying cases of violence, collecting information, making early diagnosis of suspect cases and reporting such cases to the authorities. The dentists can contribute significantly, as most injuries occur in the orofacial region. Bite marks, burns, bruising, among others, are easily identified during a dental consultation. The aim of this work was to verify the awareness and attitudes of Brazilian dentists concerning violence against children and adolescents. This research was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Dentistry of Araraquara – São Paulo State University (FOAr – UNESP). Sixty-three dentists answered an open and closed questionnaire concerning their formation, knowledge, experience and attitudes towards ill-treated children and adolescents. Among other results, thirty-nine dentists (61.9%) affirmed to have the means to identify illtreatment cases, 13 (20.6%) reported having some experience on this matter, but only 8 reported the cases to the Council of Guardianship, as determined by Brazilian law. Twenty percent of the reasons presented for not notifying the Council were fear of reprisal, and 60.0% were uncertain concerning the ethical and legal implications. Physical violence was the most reported form of identified violence (76.9%), followed by negligence (38.5%). Among the 13 professionals that had experience with violence cases, in 10 cases the perpetrators were identified – in 70.0% of the cases, the parents were the originators of such violence. It was concluded that further formation and orientation are necessary, in order to prepare dentists to act correctly when, during their professional activities, they encounter cases of violence against children and adolescents.

A transmissão da vida psíquica entre gerações: os aspectos determinantes do fazer-se herdeiro da violência sexual

Pós-graduação em Educação Sexual - FCLAR

Patterns of alcohol use between genders: A cross-cultural evaluation

Introduction: Alcohol use by men and women is very much influenced by social habits and customs. Cultural peculiarities and biological differences between the sexes require more focused and standardized studies. The objective was to systematize information on patterns of alcohol use between the sexes.Method: A literary review (1972-2004) identified 96 publications (Lilacs, Scielo, Medline) and some related books.Results and conclusions: Men drank more and presented more problems (legal, family, social, clinical, traumas and mortality) associated with alcohol use; the consequences of alcohol use in developing countries with low death rates is even higher. Women can face more discrimination by using alcohol as well as worse health problems when they abuse drinking (liver, pancreas, and central and peripheral nervous system problems, psychiatric comorbidity, etc.); sexual abuse is more commonly associated with women than discussing the different responses to treatment. As for social roles/responsibilities exercised by women, there are indications that marriage, employment, and children have a good influence, discouraging alcohol use, while divorce, unemployment, and no children contribute to higher consumption. For both sexes, religion was a protective factor for alcohol use; acculturation was a strong influence in the pattern of alcohol use, and alcohol worsened the evolution of existing psychiatric disorders. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Relatos de jovens deficientes mentais sobre a sexualidade através de diferentes estratégias

O objetivo deste trabalho consistiu em utilizar estratégias para obter e analisar relatos sobre sexualidade de cinco jovens, ambos os sexos, com deficiência mental, por diferentes procedimentos metodológicos: 1) Desenho da Figura Humana; 2) Apresentação de bonecos da família sexuada; 3) Apresentação das pranchas dos temas: namoro, casamento, masturbação, jogos sexuais, menstruação, relação sexual, gravidez, parto, amamentação e abuso sexual. Observou-se que os jovens: a) têm noção de identidade e papéis sexuais; b) diferenciam e nomeiam órgãos sexuais humanos, especialmente o órgão sexual masculino adulto; c) apesar de saberem nomeá-los, nem todos sabem sua função; d) com frases curtas e objetivas os jovens mostraram os conceitos sobre os diferentes temas apresentados. As estratégias utilizadas foram eficientes para incentivar o relato de jovens com limitação intelectual em temas complexos como a sexualidade.

Critical speed and endurance capacity in young swimmers: Effects of gender and age

This study analyzed the relationship between critical speed (CS) and maximal speed for 30 min (S30) in swimmers of ages 10-15 years. Fifty-one swimmers were divided by chronological age (10-12 years = G10-12, 13-15 years = G13-15), sexual maturation (pubic hair stages; P1-P3 and P4-P5), and gender (M = boys, F = girls). The CS was determined through the slope of the linear regression between the distances (100, 200, and 400 m) and participants' respective times. CS and S30 were similar in the younger (G10-12M = 0.97 vs. 0.97 m/s, and G10-12F = 1.01 vs. 0.97 m/s, respectively), and older swimmers (G13-15M = 1.10 vs. 1.07 m/s and G13-15F = 0.93 vs. 0.91 m/s, respectively). In conclusion, the CS can be used in young swimmers for the evaluation of aerobic capacity, independent of gender and age. © 2005 Human Kinetics, Inc.

Violência doméstica: o que se espera do profissional de saúde?

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

O contexto afetivo-familiar de relações incestuosas entre irmãos

Pós-graduação em Psicologia - FCLAS

A credibilidade do testemunho da criança vítima de abuso sexual no contexto judiciário

Violência sexual contra crianças não é um evento incomum; no entanto, há a dificuldade de denúncia, pois, além do estabelecimento da relação de dominação que o agressor exerce sobre a vítima, a maneira como tal fato é recebido pela sociedade e como é encaminhado pelas instituições judiciárias responsáveis também é determinante para as omissões. Inserida no universo dos interrogatórios, muitas vezes, a criança causa confusão ao desmentir o que havia falado antes, reforçando possíveis preconceitos em relação a si mesma. O presente trabalho traz a análise das relações entre a infância e a instituição judiciária, com principal enfoque no sistema de comunicação e de notificação dos crimes sexuais contra a criança e as consequentes intervenções profissionais que buscam a validação, ou não, de seu testemunho. Para tanto, foram pesquisados 51 processos judiciais, dos quais foram selecionados dois casos exemplares. Este trabalho evidencia a possibilidade de preservar a criança da revitimização causada pela multiplicidade de interrogatórios, sem deixar de cumprir as normas jurídicas necessárias. A fragilidade da palavra da criança está na forma como é acolhida pelos adultos, desde a revelação na família até a denúncia aos órgãos oficiais, revelando a urgência de alterações nos procedimentos judiciais relacionados a essa problemática