Many-body theory for systems of composite hadrons

Many-body systems of composite hadrons are characterized by processes that involve the simultaneous presence of hadrons and their constituents. We briefly review several methods that have been devised to study such systems and present a novel method that is based on the ideas of mapping between physical and ideal Fock spaces. The method, known as the Fock-Tani representation, was invented years ago in the context of atomic physics problems and was recently extended to hadronic physics. Starting with the Fock-space representation of single-hadron states, a change of representation is implemented by a unitary transformation such that composites are redescribed by elementary Bose and Fermi field operators in an extended Fock space. When the unitary transformation is applied to the microscopic quark Hamiltonian, effective, Hermitian Hamiltonians with a clear physical interpretation are obtained. The use of the method in connection with the linked-cluster formalism to describe short-range correlations and quark deconfinement effects in nuclear matter is discussed. As an application of the method, an effective nucleon-nucleon interaction is derived from a constituent quark model and used to obtain the equation of state of nuclear matter in the Hartree-Fock approximation.

Mechanism of Action and Relationship Between Structure and Biological Activity of Ctx-Ha: A New Ceratotoxin-like Peptide from Hypsiboas albopunctatus

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Proposta de pontos de corte para indicação da obesidade abdominal entre adolescentes

FUNDAMENTO: A ausência de valores críticos para a identificação de risco cardiovascular entre adolescentes brasileiros representa uma importante limitação. OBJETIVOS: Elaborar valores críticos para circunferência de cintura e analisar sua eficiência na indicação de valores elevados de pressão arterial. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal que avaliou 1.145 adolescentes de 11 a 17 anos (536 do sexo masculino e 609 do feminino), dos quais foram coletados valores de peso corporal, estatura, resistência, reatância, dobra cutânea tricepital, circunferência de cintura e pressão arterial (n= 334). A obesidade abdominal foi indicada por meio de valores de circunferência de cintura. RESULTADOS: Os adolescentes obesos apresentaram valores mais altos de circunferência de cintura e, independentemente de gênero e grupo etário, houve relação significativa entre os valores de circunferência de cintura e todos os indicadores de adiposidade adotados no estudo. Os valores críticos propostos apresentaram maior sensibilidade na indicação de valores elevados de pressão arterial. CONCLUSÕES: Os valores críticos propostos para circunferência de cintura foram mais sensíveis na indicação de valores elevados de pressão arterial. Entretanto, ainda são necessários estudos para averiguar a eficiência dos mesmos na indicação de outros parâmetros clínicos e laboratoriais.

Compressibilidade do solo e sistema radicular da cana-de-açúcar em manejo com e sem controle de tráfego

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Comportamento térmico do 8-quinolinol e seus nitro-derivados

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Controle de plantas daninhas pelo amicarbazone aplicado na presença de palha de cana-de-açúcar

Considerando que a palha pode alterar a dinâmica e a eficácia dos herbicidas no sistema de cana-crua e complementar a ação destes, o objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a eficácia do amicarbazone no controle de plantas daninhas presentes em variadas circunstâncias, incluindo a possibilidade de absorção do herbicida diretamente da palha de cana-de-açúcar. Para isso, conduziu-se um experimento em vasos com quatro repetições, em que, além das testemunhas com e sem palha, o amicarbazone foi aplicado em diferentes situações: sobre 5 t ha-1 de palha; sobre o solo posteriormente recoberto com 5 t ha-1 de palha; sobre o solo sem cobertura de palha e com ou sem simulação de distintas quantidades de chuva aplicada antes ou após aplicação do produto. A dose de amicarbazone aplicada foi de 1.400 g ha-1 de ingrediente ativo (i.a.), com consumo de calda equivalente a 200 L ha-1. As plantas daninhas utilizadas foram Brachiaria plantaginea, Brachiaria decumbens, Ipomoea grandifolia e Cyperus rotundus. Avaliaram-se a porcentagem de controle das plantas daninhas aos 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49 e 56 DAA, nos tratamentos em que o amicarbazone foi aplicado em pré-emergência, e aos 3, 10, 17, 24, 31 e 38 DAA, quando o herbicida foi aplicado em pós-emergência; a biomassa seca aos 56 ou 38 DAA; e a viabilidade dos tubérculos de C. rotundus, pelo teste de tetrazólio na última avaliação. Verificou-se que, independentemente da planta daninha avaliada, os maiores índices de controle foram alcançados quando o amicarbazone foi aplicado sobre a palha, simulando-se em seguida precipitação correspondente a 2,5 ou 30 mm de chuva, e nos tratamentos em que o herbicida foi aplicado diretamente no solo desnudo ou recoberto com palha. Dessa forma, para I. grandifolia, B. plantaginea e B. decumbens, patamares mais elevados de controle foram alcançados quando o amicarbazone atingiu o solo, tanto aplicado diretamente como quando lixiviado da palha pela chuva simulada após a aplicação. Já para C. rotundus, as maiores porcentagens de controle foram observadas quando o amicarbazone foi aplicado sobre a palha, com simulação de chuva imediatamente após a aplicação, evidenciando que a lixiviação pode ser um processo fundamental para uma apropriada absorção e eficácia do herbicida avaliado.

Neutrophil interaction with inflamed postcapillary venule endothelium alters annexin 1 expression

Annexin 1 (ANX-A1) exerts antimigratory actions in several models of acute and chronic inflammation, This is related to its ability to mimic the effect of endogenous ANX-A1 that is externalized on neutrophil adhesion to the postcapillary endothelium. In the present study we monitored ANX-A1 expression and localization in intravascular and emigrated neutrophils, using a classical model of rat peritonitis, For this purpose, a pair of antibodies raised against the ANX-A1 N-terminus tie, able to recognize intact ANX-A1) or the whole protein tie, able to interact with all ANX-A1 isoforms) was used by immunofluorescence and immunocytochemistry analyses. The majority (similar to 50%) of ANX-A1 on the plasma membrane of intravascular neutrophils was intact. Extravasation into the subendothelial matrix caused loss of this pool of intact protein (to similar to6%), concomitant with an increase in total amount of the protein; only similar to 25% of the total protein was now recognized by the antibody raised against the N-terminus tie, it was intact). In the cytoplasm of these cells, ANX-A1 was predominantly associated with large vacuoles, possibly endosomes, In situ hybridization confirmed de novo synthesis of ANX-A1 in the extravasated cells. In conclusion, biochemical pathways leading to the externalization, proteolysis, and synthesis of ANX-A1 are activated during the process of neutrophil extravasation.

Anti-inflammatory efficacy of a single posterior subtenon injection of triamcinolone acetonide versus prednisolone acetate 1% eyedrops after pars plana vitrectomy

Purpose: To compare the safety and anti-inflammatory efficacy of a single posterior subtenon injection of triamcinolone acetonide (TA) with prednisolone acetate 1% eyedrops after pars plana vitrectomy (PPV).Methods: the study included 40 consecutive phakic eyes of 40 patients undergoing PPV for non-clearing vitreous haemorrhage with attached retina (verified by echography), epiretinal membrane or macular hole. At the end of the surgical procedure, eyes were randomized to receive either a single posterior subtenon injection of TA (40 mg in 1 ml) plus sham eyedrops (prednisolone acetate 1% vehicle) postoperatively (group TA), or a posterior subtenon sham injection (1 ml balanced salt solution) plus prednisolone acetate 1% eyedrops postoperatively (group ED).Results: There was no difference in the severity of anterior chamber cell and flare between the two groups at any time-point during the study period (p > 0.05). Separate within-group analysis revealed a significant decrease in anterior chamber cell and flare from postoperative day 1 to postoperative days 7, 14 and 28 in both groups (p < 0.05). There was no difference in pain, photophobia, conjunctival erythema, ciliary flush or chemosis scores between the two groups at any time-point during the study period (p > 0.05). Steroid-induced intraocular hypertension was not observed in either group.Conclusions: A single posterior subtenon injection of TA can be as effective and safe as a 4-week regimen of prednisolone acetate 1% eyedrops in controlling intraocular inflammation after PPV.

An intelligent system for pavement management

This paper describes a method for the evaluation of pavement condition through artificial neural networks using the MLP backpropagation technique. Two of the most used procedures for detecting the pavement conditions were applied: the overall severity index and the irregularity index. Tests with the model demonstrated that the simulation with the neural network gives better results than the procedures recommended by the highway officials. This network may also be applied for the construction of a graphic computer environment.

Luminescence effect in amorphous PLT

Amorphous and crystalline powder of PLT phase was synthesized by using the Pechini method. Infrared (FTIR) analysis of the polymeric resin shows intense bands of organic materials from 250 to 1620 cm(-1). X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectra of calcined powder at different temperatures show amorphous phase at 450 degrees C/3 h, semi-crystalline phase at 550 degrees C/3 h and a crystalline phase at 800 degrees C/3 h. Luminescence effect was observed in amorphous powder calcined from 300 to 350 degrees/3 h with broad absorption peaks in 579 nm at 300 degrees C/3 h and 603 rum at 350 degrees C/3 h, respectively. The photoluminescence effect is attributed to emissions of Ti -> 0 directly from the oxygen 2p orbital (valence band) to the titanate 3d orbital (conduction bands). (c) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Scent-marking behaviour in free-ranging golden-faced saki monkeys, Pithecia pithecia chrysocephala: Sex differences and context

Scent-marking behaviour of golden-faced saki monkey, Pithecia pithecia chrysocephala, was observed intermittently between 1987 and 1990 for a family group in a Central Amazonian forest fragment. of 95 scent-marking events (during 275.5 hours of observation), throat-and-chest rubbing accounted for all except one anogenital rubbing. Nine of the throat-and-chest markings also involved touching groin with hands and eight markings (including the anogenital), urinating on the marked branch. Marking behaviour is strongly sex related, with the adult male making 88.4% of the markings. Scent-marking frequency by the adult male increased during breeding periods. Scent-marking behaviour seems related to courtship, and possibly stimulates sexual behaviour. All regularly marked spots consisted of horizontal branches on commonly travelled routes. Eleven occurred in feeding trees and lianas, but none in sleeping trees. Scent-marking behaviour in the monkeys studied here was not related to intergroup encounters and probably did not have a territorial function, although it may do so where different groups interact.

The effect of Nb doping on ferroelectric properties of PZT thin films prepared from polymeric precursors

Pure and Nb doped PbZr0.4Ti0.603 thin films was prepared by the polymeric precursor method and deposited by spin coating on Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si (100) substrates and annealed at 700 degreesC. The films are oriented in (1 1 0) and (1 0 0) direction. The electric properties of PZT thin films show strong dependence of the crystallographic orientation. The P-E hysteresis loops for the thin film with composition PbZr0.39Ti0.6Nb0.103 showed good saturation, with values for coercive field (E-c) equal to 60 KV cm(-1) and for remanent polarization (P-r) equal to 20 muC cm(-2). The measured dielectric constant (epsilon) is 1084 for this film. These results show good potential for application in FERAM. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Sepsis and Neutropenia in Very Low Birth Weight Infants Delivered of Mothers with Preeclampsia

Objective To study the association between maternal preeclampsia and neonatal sepsis in very low birth weight newborns.Study design We studied all infants with birth weights between 500 g and 1500 g who were admitted to 6 neonatal intensive care units of the Brazilian Network on Neonatal Research for 2 years. Exclusion criteria were major malformations, death in the delivery room, and maternal chronic hypertension. Absolute neutrophil count was performed in the first 72 hours of life.Results A total of 911 very low birth weight infants (preeclampsia, 308; non-preeclampsia, 603) were included. The preeclampsia group had significantly higher gestational age, more cesarean deliveries, antenatal steroid, central catheters, total parenteral nutrition, and neutropenia, and less rupture of membranes >18 hours and mechanical ventilation. Both groups had similar incidences of early sepsis (4.6% and 4.2% in preeclampsia and non-preeclampsia groups, respectively) and late sepsis (24% and 22.1% in preeclampsia and non-preeclampsia groups, respectively). Vaginal delivery and neutropenia were associated with multiple logistic regressions with early sepsis, and mechanical ventilation, central catheter, and total parenteral nutrition were associated with late sepsis. Death was associated with neutropenia in very preterm infants.Conclusions Preeclampsia did not increase neonatal sepsis in very low birth weight infants, and death was associated with neutropenia in very preterm infants. (J Pediatr 2010; 157: 434-8).