Partidos, sindicatos e movimentos sociais nos anos 1950-64: balanço histórico-bibliiográfico prelliminar

This text presents the first results of including research, in process, that it intends to investigate - in the period from 1950 to 1964 - the picture of the progressive political parties, the unions of the city and of the field, and the social movements marked by the national statement and for the anti-imperialism, especially those linked to the world labor perspective, discussing their proposals, differences, performances and commitments due to the political-cultural effervescence of this historical moment.

Orientação Profissional -Universidade ajuda os jovens a encontrar caminhos profissionais: Relato de Intervenção

O objetivo do presente texto é relatar o processo de intervenção em Orientação Profissional, realizado junto a população formada por adolescentes prévestibulandos do município de Marília, S.P. e região, no período de agosto a novembro de 2010, com a finalidade de favorecer uma escolha consciente do curso superior. Metodologicamente, a pesquisa desenvolveu-se por meio da pesquisa – ação com base em Thiollent (2008). O desenvolvimento da pesquisa ocorreu durante a realização de 10 encontros nas dependências da UNESP, onde os sujeitos puderam estabelecer relações pessoais e interpessoais por meio de discussões, leituras vídeos, dinâmicas de grupo e refletir sobre os vários aspectos que determinam sua escolha profissional, lidar com os dilemas e conflitos dessa escolha e analisar sua trajetória de vida, sua individualidade e como se dá o processo de construção de uma carreira no século XXI.

Ocorrência de tabagismo e dependência nicotínica em universitários

In Brazil, smoking incidence varies between 9.5% and 21.2% and it is more common among men. In college students incidence can reach 14% depending on the region, which is quite disturbing. Joining college is a crucial period for the commencement or maintenance of smoking. The Knowledge among college students about tobacco use is critical to devise strategies for intervention in this population. The objectives were to establish the occurrence of smoking and risk factors, nicotine dependence in college students and college goers. We interviewed students, teachers and administrative personnel from the Philosophy and Science School at UNESP at Marilia, from both sexes, regardless their age, which visited the First Week Against Tobacco event. The sociodemographic data, smoking status, time as a smoker, cigarettes smoked, date when they started smoking, history of smoking in the family, friends or associates were questioned. We also assessed the degree of motivation to quit smoking and the degree of nicotine dependence. Data were presented using descriptive statistics. Comparisons between categorical variables were made using the chi-square test (p <0.05). A total of 432 people, 180 men and 252 women, average aged 22.6 ± 6.9 years were researched. From the volunteers studied, 267 (61.8) had tried cigarettes and 171 of them (64%) reported that they were offered by friends. As a whole, 79 (18.3%) of these people were smokers, 52 (65.8%) reported intending to quit smoking and in 37 of them (46.8%), the degree of nicotine dependence was very low. Of all the smokers, 63 had smokers in the family and all of them had friends who smoked. 28.9% of all men were smokers and 10.7%of all women. The occurrence of smoking was 18.3% and the risk factor associated to smoking habit is related to friendship and family, and very low nicotine dependence.

O uso de bebida alcoólica por escolares

A bebida alcoólica, apesar dos diversos danos que causa à população em geral, e em especial aos jovens, ainda não é considerada como droga, e seu uso, em muitos contextos é até incentivado. Identificar o perfil de grupos de risco para o uso de álcool entre escolares pode auxiliar na compreensão dessa prática e servir de suporte à implantação de políticas públicas de prevenção na própria escola. O objetivo deste estudo foi o de verificar a ocorrência de uso nocivo de bebida alcoólica por escolares do 9º ano do ensino fundamental e suas implicações para o surgimento de comportamentos de risco em contexto social. A pesquisa transcorreu com 457 escolares nos anos de 2009 e 2010. Como instrumento de coleta de dados foi utilizado o Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test – AUDIT. Foi verificado que 224 escolares (49,0 %), apesar de o álcool ser proibido a menores de 18 anos, fizeram uso de bebida alcoólica no último ano, e 1,6% foram classificados em níveis preocupantes de uso da substância. Concluiu-se que há necessidade de criação de projetos destinados à prevenção do uso de álcool entre os adolescentes, pois entre os escolares que relataram uso de álcool, na população estudada, sete apresentaram comportamento de risco ao atingirem pontuações acima de 19 no questionário AUDIT.

O Sistema das Autoconsciências: da Epistemologia Genética a um Idealismo Especulativo

This paper discusses some of the general foundations of my philosophical journey, from studies, researches and reflections on the sciences and Genetic Epistemology, to the proposal of a speculative idealist metaphysics and ontology. I initially introduce the notion of a system of human beings and their behavior, in order to contextualize the discussion of one of the central questions of the paper: how can the system of human beings and their behavior be comprehended? I then make some general considerations about Genetic Epistemology and Psychology, and analyze the consequences of the thesis inherent in them that the object is an essentially intellectual being. Next, I consider the possibility of a different perspective on the Theory of Knowledge. This leads to the question “how are the different philosophic systems possible?” and to the necessity of the constitution of a philosophy that is able to deal with this question from a viewpoint of totality and on the basis of a thought able to think itself. I then make some considerations on the establishment of such a philosophy in regard to genetic epistemology, and introduce the notion of idea. Finallly, a general research project is proposed (that this paper only announces) that aims to use some concepts and arguments inspired by Hegelian Speculative Philosophy (or related to it) in order to comprehend the system of human beings and their behavior, especially in the production scenario of contemporary science and philosophy, including Genetic Epistemology. I hope I have contributed to showing that another philosophical view (distinct from Piagetian naturalism) is at least possible, one that takes into account the experimental data of Genetic Epistemology and Psychology.

O sentido da revolução brasileira

Procuramos discutir no presente artigo o caráter da revolução burguesa no Brasil. Para tanto buscamos delinear os elementos essenciais que marcam a particularidade histórica brasileira, demonstrando que tais elementos condicionam a forma de ser do capitalismo no país em sua reprodução sociometabólica, apontando para o elemento de permanência na mudança, marca fundamental do sentido da modernização no Brasil.

O Modelo do Sistema de Esquema de Ações e Operações sobre Símbolos e Signos

The objective of this paper is to introduce a model, called the Model of the System of Schemes of Actions and Operations on Symbols and Signs (MoSSAOSS), that articulates a systemic, systematic, and synthetic view of some of the principal theoretic and experimental results obtained by Piaget and his coworkers. Here, the term model means a schematic representation of experience, the relation of whose elements can be explored by means of logic and mathematics in order to deduce properties that correspond, in a sufficiently accurate form, to direct observable empirical properties. The MoSSAOSS model is intended to reveal in an abstract and simplified form, and through explicit hypothesis and definitions, the general structure and function of the System of Schemes of Actions and Operations on Symbols and Signs. It is this system that furnishes the elements that make possible the diverse structures necessary for the knowledge of the epistemic subject, the subject of knowledge, the stages in their construction, and the attribution of significations to objects, to situations, and to the actions and operations of the subject itself.

O Fisicalismo revisitado pela Filosofia Ecológica: as affordances sociais

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

O Caráter a priori das Estruturas Necessárias ao Conhecimento, Construídas segundo a Epistemologia Genética

In this paper we discuss the question of the a priori character of the necessary structures of knowledge according to Genetic Epistemology, focusing on the notion of space in particular. We establish some relations between Jean Piaget’s Genetic Epistemology and Immanuel Kant’s Critical Philosophy, discuss the notion of the a priori according to Kant in relation to the notion of space, and discuss the construction of the notion of space by the epistemic subject according to Genetic Epistemology, focusing on the Sensory-Motor Period. We conclude that, in Genetic Epistemology, space is still thought of as an a priori form of phenomena in the sense that the notion of space is what spatially organizes the data of perception, being the condition of perception. Furthermore, it is not directly abstracted from experience, but is constructed by the epistemic subject in its interaction with the environment, occurring with the structuring of the system of schemes of action. This analysis leads to the notion of the constructed a priori that, after its construction, has the characteristics of the a priori as conceived by Kant.

Novos Movimentos Sociais Classistas

Este artigo examina a relação entre a orientação ideológica adotada por um conjunto de movimentos sociais que recolocam no debate o seu pertencimento de classe, concluindo que o adjetivo classista se aplica apenas àqueles movimentos cuja retórica identifica este pertencimento com o lugar ocupado pela base social nas relações sociais de produção.

Mudar para que tudo continue como está: o modernismo conservador de Fernando Henrique Cardoso

O presente trabalho busca compreender o processo de reformas políticas e econômicas que se concretizaram durante a década de 1990 no Brasil. Tais reformas foram fundamentais à implementação do projeto político de “modernização conservadora” que inseriu o país no novo momento de internacionalização capitalista, denominado mundialização do capital. À frente da aliança política que comandou o país durante oito anos (1995-2003), estava Fernando Henrique Cardoso, intelectual de projeção internacional, cuja obra em parceria com Enzo Faletto, Dependência e desenvolvimento na América Latina, pode ser caracterizada como a referência teórica deste projeto. O que procuraremos demonstrar é que a concretização das “reformas” no Brasil, durante a década de 1990, é uma revitalização – em novo momento histórico – da tese central de Dependência e desenvolvimento, qual seja, devido às características sócio-políticas das economias periféricas, a única forma de estas alcançarem um patamar mínimo de desenvolvimento, é através da inserção dependente e subordinada nos processos de internacionalização do mercado mundial.

Maquiavel, os Realistas e a Política Internacional

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Informação e Critério de Relevância:podem as máquinas aprender a diferenciar contextos?

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Gramsci e a Teoria Crítica das Relações Internacionais

This text has the following aims: a) to discuss Gramsci and Horkheimer’s epistemological status, joined authors in an theoretical approach known as Critical Theory of International Relations; b) to draft an analysis in order to show the mentioned and joined authors’ different epistemological statuses in the theoretical approach in discussion; c) to begin a reflection pointing the absence of accuracy in this approach - whose beginning happened with Canadian political scientist Robert W. Cox – due to joining different epistemological statuses and ignoring the theoretical consequences put by respective central Gramsci and Horkheimer’s concepts: hegemony and emancipation.

Filme O Jardim Secreto: uma experiência com a leitura das legendas cinematográficas

By analyzing the pedagogical practices in respect of acts of reading in the current context of school education institutions vital, it is clear that they are linked to decipher. But it is believed that for the student to learn to read is necessary dialogue with the text, attribute meaning to writing and comprehension. When thinking about the use of technologies such as film subtitles, it is believed that they allow readers to form since they require a quick read without using the decryption with the attribution of meaning to follow the entire course of the film. This paper aims to present and analyze a film session the project subtitled and dubbed films in public schools and training of the reader, which investigates the contributions of cinematic legends in training readers in elementary school. In this paper we present data on the session of the film The Secret Garden, with students between six and ten years old in a public school in Marilia, SP. The session took place in film school, in a room adapted. When analyzing the results, we observed that reading subtitles contributes to children are not attached to decipher, because we used reading strategies to understand the plot and tried to dialogue with the text. This approach not only contributes reader for reading the screens, but also in fixed supports, for developing specific tactics for the scrolling text which can be applied to the texts on the immobilized support.