Indicadores de depressão e de declínio cognitivo em idosos institucionalizados: um estudo de caso

This case study objectified investigating the symptomatology prevalence for depression (DP) and cognitive decline (CD) on institutionalized elderly’s; verifying the existence of correlations between DP and CD with age, gender and scholarity; and analyzing the possible correlations between symptomatology for DP and CD. For the realization of this research were selected, in two Elderly’s Long-Permanence Institutions (ELPIs), 24 subjects, which were classified according to gender, scholarity and age group. To verify the occurrence of CD, the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) was applied and, for the incidence of DP, the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) was applied. The data were tabulated and descriptively analyzed. For the study of the relations between quantitative variables, the Pearson correlation test was utilized and also the Spearmann test when necessary; for the comparison between two independent groups, the Student's t-test was utilized; for the verification of the association between gender, scholarity, DP and CD indicatives, the Pearson's X2 test and, due to theoretical restriction, the Fisher's exact test were utilized. The level of 5% probability was adopted for the rejection of nullity's hypothesis on all the tests. The research demonstrated that 50% of the research' subjects presented DP indicatives and 54.2% presented CD indicatives. Associations between: gender and DP (p = 0.414), gender and CD (p = 0.219), scholarity and CD (p = 0.527) were not observed. Positive regular correlation was verified between age and DP (r = 0.557; p = 0.005) and negative regular correlation was verified between DP and CD (r = -0.406; p = 0.049). The data suggest that DP might be a reaction to CD perceived by the subject. However, the hypothesis that indicates DP as a risk factor for CD and DM cannot be overruled, which suggests the importance of monitoring and treating depressive episodes on elderly populations.

Comparação do equilíbrio e qualidade de vida entre idosos institucionalizados e não-institucionalizados

Introduction: the improvements on the health area increased the brazilians life expectative. Because of it, more people becomes elder, passing through various common processes of aging, as the balance decrease. Resulting form this the risk of fall increase, and this has a negative impact on the quality of life. As more people become elder the institutionalization tax increase. Objectives: compare the balance and quality of life between institutionalized and non-institutionalized elders; correlate the Berg Balance Scale (BBS) with the Timed Up and Go test (TUG) and with the questionnaire “The Medical Outcome Study 36 – Item Short-Form Health Survey” (SF-36). Methods: were evaluated 20 elders, ten institutionalized (GI) and ten non-institutionalized (GNI). To the balance assessment were used the BBS and the TUG, the quality of life was evaluated using the SF-36. The signifi cance level was set to 5% (p<0,05). The GraphPad Prism 5# was used to analyze the data. To identify the distribution of the data was applied the Shapiro-Wilk test. In the comparison between groups, the normal distributed data were analyzed with the Unpaired Student t test. The non-normal distributed data were analyzed with the Mann-Whitney non-parametric test. The correlations were analyzed with the Pearson (normal data) and Spearman’s (non-normal data) tests. Results: the age average for each group was 72,8±8,36 years (GI) e 67,4±3,53 years (GNI). The GNI had a better performance than the GI in the BBS (*p=0,0017) as in the TUG (*p<0,0002). There wasn’t difference between the quality of life. There was correlation between EEB and TUG (-0,8907 for the GI and -0,7180 for the GNI) and between EEB and the functional capacity domain from the SF-36 (0,7657). Conclusion: the non-institutionalized elders presented best balance. It was found good correlation between TUG and BBS. In the studied sample, to be institutionalized didn’t infl uenced the quality of life.

Comparação da flexibilidade, qualidade de vida e capacidade funcional entre idosos ativos e sedentários dos meios urbano e rural

Introduction:The regular practice of physical activity is being used as a therapeutic resource to the elderly population, with the objective of reduction of the losses provoked by the growing old process. The home place (urban or rural) is still little explored in literature about your infl uence in the physical capacity of the elderly people. Objective: The aim of this study was to value and compare the quality of life, motion and functional capacity between physically active and sedentary elderly people, residents in the urban and rural area. Methods: Sixty people with age above 60 years old were valued, 20 physically active residents in the urban area (66,5 ± 4,32 years), 20 sedentary residents in the urban area (68,8± 7,24 years), 10 physically active residents in the rural area (64,4±2,46 years) and 10 sedentary residents in the rural area (68±5,78 years). It was realized the evaluation of the fl exibility (previous fl exon of the trunk), mobility (timed up and go test), a six-minute walk test and answered a quality of life’s questionnaire SF-36. To compare the results obtained by the two groups was used the Kruskal-Wallis test, and the signifi cant presence of the test was performed post hoc Newman-Keuls. The level of signifi cance used in statistical analysis was 5% (p<0,05).Results: It was observed that the physically active elderly people obtaine better performance on the six-minutes walk test. It wasn’t found difference in the mobility among the groups. In relation to the quality of life, the elderly residents in the rural area, were better in the component Vitally. In relation to the fl exibility the elderly residents in the urban area obtained the best results. So, we can conclude that the practice of physical activity realized by the volunteers contributed to a better functional capacity, observed by the biggest distance gone through on the walk test. The rural home place positively infl uenced the vitality control, while the fl exibility was worse presented in these elderly people.

Declínio cognitivo e depressão em idosos institucionalizados e não institucionalizados: possibilidades de correlação

With aging, naturally occurs the decline of several functions. The depression (DP), pointed to be a risk factor for cognitive decline (DC), is frequent amongst elders. Activities aimed at cognitive rehabilitation (RC) can be protective for DP and DC. Objectives: Analyze the association between DC and DP on institutionalized elders (IDI) and non-institutionalized elders (IDNI) and verify the protective function (regarding DP and DC) of RC activities. Design and Method: For the analysis were selected 48 elders, from both genders, from where 24 were institutionalized and 24 were not. The subjects were distributed in four subgroups: 1) IDI participating RC (n=12); 2) non participant IDI on RC (n=12); 3) IDNI participating UNATI (“Open College for the Elderly”) and attendees of Memory Workshop (MW) (n=12) and; 4) IDNI participating UNATI, not attending MW (n=12). The data were gathered from the instruments: Mini Mental State Exam (MEEM) to determine the degree of DC and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) to verify the symptomatology of DP. Results: From the general sample, 8,3% of the subjects presented indicatives of DC and 52,1% traces of DP. Lesser educated elders showed more incidence of DC and DP. There was no meaningful related to the DC prevalence and DP related to gender. Among the IDI there were more incidence of DC and DP than the IDNI. There were no meaningful differences in terms of scores acquired by MEEM and BDI for the subjects participating and not participating RC activities or MW. Conclusion: Therefore, it is necessary the development and application of curative and preventive strategies for depressive disorder. Special attention must be given for INI, more vulnerable to DP and DC.

Existe correlação entre força muscular com o teste de caminhada de seis minutos em idosos institucionalizados?

The six-minute walking test can be affected by several variables, among them, the respiratory and peripheral muscle strength. The objective of this study was to correlate the respiratory muscle strength (maximum inspiratory pressure – MIP; and maximum expiratory pressure – MEP) and the hand grip test (HGT)with the six minute walking test distance in institutionalized elderly. It was included in this study 9 institutionalized elderly with age over 70 years old, both gender, evaluated by means of manometer, dynamometry and six minute walking test. The data were correlated by using the Pearson’s correlation test and the Spearman correlation test. From the evaluated elderly, it was four men and five women, with mean age: 78.8±7.3 years old, MIP: 75.7±33.6 cmH2O, MEP: 62.4±25.0 cmH2O, HGT: 20.4±6.2 kgf (right member) and 20.7±6.8 kgf (left member) and the distance on six minute walking test: 238.5±99.0 meters. There was correlation between expiratory strength and hand grip of both members with the distance on the six minute walking test. It is possible to conclude that there are correlation between expiratory muscle strength with the hand grip test and the functional capacity in institucionalized elderly.

Existe correlação antre força muscular com teste de caminhada de seis minutos em idosos institucionalizados?

The six-minute walking test can be affected by several variables, among them, the respiratory and peripheral muscle strength. The objective of this study was to correlate the respiratory muscle strength (maximum inspiratory pressure – MIP; and maximum expiratory pressure – MEP) and the hand grip test (HGT)with the six minute walking test distance in institutionalized elderly. It was included in this study 9 institutionalized elderly with age over 70 years old, both gender, evaluated by means of manometer, dynamometry and six minute walking test. The data were correlated by using the Pearson’s correlation test and the Spearman correlation test. From the evaluated elderly, it was four men and five women, with mean age: 78.8±7.3 years old, MIP: 75.7±33.6 cmH2O, MEP: 62.4±25.0 cmH2O, HGT: 20.4±6.2 kgf (right member) and 20.7±6.8 kgf (left member) and the distance on six minute walking test: 238.5±99.0 meters. There was correlation between expiratory strength and hand grip of both members with the distance on the six minute walking test. It is possible to conclude that there are correlation between expiratory muscle strength with the hand grip test and the functional capacity in institucionalized elderly.

Análise do equilíbrio e da qualidade de vida de idosos com Alzheimer e a influência na qualidade de vida do Cuidador

With the growing aging population will be an increase of chronic degenerative diseases such as dementia. Among the various forms of dementia Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most prevalent. In individuals with AD, there is a loss in the processing of sensory information, which may aggravate the imbalance and falls. As the disease progresses, the individual lose the ability to function independently, becoming dependent on a caregiver. This study aimed to analyze the balance of the mental state and quality of life of individuals with AD, to determine whether a correlation exists between these variables and analyze the influence on quality of life of caregivers. This study was conducted with thirty individuals (82.86 ± 9.07 years) with AD, both sexes, and their caregivers. The evaluation of the balance was accomplished by the Scale of Functional Balance of Berg (EEFB), the cognitive function for the Mini-exam of the Mental State (MEEM), and the quality of life (QV) for the scale “life Quality - Disease of Alzheimer “ (QdV - DA) that is composed for three versions: patient, caregiver and family The data were analyzed by coefficient of correlation of Spearman. The balance analyses (EEFB=32,17 ± 13,26 points) shows increased in the risk of falls in the elderly and negative correlation (R = - 0,55, p <0,01) with age and good correlation with MEEM (R=0,63 p <0,01). Already in relation of the MEEM and QV, can observed correlation between the familiar version and the MEEM ((R=0,40 p=0,02). In Relation the versions of the QV questionnaire, found significant correlation among: QdV-DA patient X caregiver (R=0,41 p=0,02), QdV-DA patient X family (R=0,40 p=0,03). In this way we can conclude that the individuals with DA, appraised in this study, present a deficit in the balance, so much related with the age as with to the cognitive decline, and the greater the cognitive decline worse the impression of caring about the QOL of their family, and still, that the worsening in the quality of the patient’s life contemplates in a worsening in the quality of your caregiver’s life.

Análise da concordância entre instrumentos de avaliação de flexibilidade para os músculos isquiocrurais em idosos

Introduction : The aging is characterized by a reduction in the effectiveness of skills, among them the loss of the flexibility. The hamstring muscles may be affected by the decreased flexibility occurs when elderly can present limitation of gait, low back problems and osteomuscular. Among the techniques used to evaluate the flexibility of the hamstring muscles are the Sit and Reach Test and Computerized Photogrammetry evaluation of the popliteal angle . However, the scientific literature doesn’t provide consistent data on the correlation of these forms of evaluation. Objective: To analyze the correlation between the sit and reach test and Computerized Photogrammetry evaluation of the popliteal angle used to assess the flexibility of the hamstring muscles in elderly women. Method: This was a cross-sectional, observational study, consisting of 39 elderly, healthy. The evaluation was composed by forms with personal details and physical examination (body weight, height and body mass index), and the evaluation of tests to measure the flexibility of the hamstring muscles (Sit and reach test and Computerized Photogrammetry evaluation of the popliteal angle). The correlation of the data was done by using the Spearmam’s rank correlation coefficient, with a significance level of 5% (p<0.05). Results: The data showed a positive correlation between Sit and Reach Test Computerized Photogrammetry and the popliteal angle of the right leg (r=0.4690, p=0.0026) and the left leg (r=0.3604, p=0.0241). Conclusion: The data from this study allow conclude that the tests for assessing hamstring flexibility in elderly women, the Sit and Reach Test and Computerized Photogrammetry evaluation of the popliteal angle are complementary because it doesn’t correlate strongly.

Conversando a gente se entende - narrativas autobiográficas de idosos atendidos no laboratório de reabilitação do equilíbrio corporal e inclusão social

Autobiographical storytelling workshops were created with the purpose of providing elderly patients at the Rehabilitation Laboratory for Body Balance and Social Inclusion the opportunity to talk about themselves and reinterpret their own life experiences as a means of support for their treatment process.

Tendência de mortalidade de idosos por doenças crônicas no município de Marília-SP, Brasil: 1998 a 2000 e 2005 a 2007

OBJECTIVE: to describe elderly mortality from cardiovascular and respiratory diseases and neoplasms in Marilia (SP). METHODS: this is a descriptive study of mortality from three diseases as defined by the 10th International Classification of Diseases, between 1998-2000 and 2005-2007. Mortality Information System records were used. Mortality rates by age and sex were calculated. RESULTS: circulatory diseases were the main causes of death among the elderly (39.25%). Neoplasm decline was noticed in both sexes and in those aged 60-69, particularly prostate cancer in men (-83.86%) and breast cancer (-70.96%) in this age group. Deaths from respiratory diseases increased in patients aged 80 and older: 39.31% in men and 57.92% in women. CONCLUSION: mortality from circulatory diseases and neoplasms among the elderly showed a decline, with increased mortality from respiratory system problems in patients 80 years of age and older.

Vila da memória: perfis de 10 idosos institucionalizados no asilo Vila Vicentina

The report-book has 10 profiles of institutionalized persons in the Vila Vicentina´s asylum in Bauru. The intention is to show the history of these men, the path that led to the institutionalization, their routine in the shelter and what are their biggest dreams. Giving “voice” for this group of marginalized, the book alerts the issue of abandonment of the elderly by their families and lead a reflection on society. In addition, it also calls the “traditional” media attention to the question, since the only recurring theme of the newspaperspages when tragedy happens

Níveis de sobrecarga, ansiedade e depressão de cuidadores de pacientes com doença de Alzheimer participantes e não participantes de grupos de apoio

Currently , as a result of the significant increase in the number of elderly, one can observe an increase in the number of chronic diseases , among them Alzheimer's disease (AD) , which affects both patients and their caregivers , that due care with the patient , just overwhelmed , anxious and depressed. Therefore, this study aims to draw a profile of caregivers of Alzheimer's patients, correlating the physical activity of patients with levels of overload, anxiety, depression caregivers. For both sample consisted of 40 patients with AD to characterize the physical activity levels and perform activities of daily living. In addition, we evaluated 40 caregivers. Patient assessment was made through a medical history, beyond the score Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR), Mini - Mental State Examination (MMSE), Modified Baecke Questionnaire for Older Adults (MBQ) , Functional Activities Questionnaire PFEFFER (QAFP) , and the Self Perception Performance in Activities of Daily Living (EAPAVD). For assessing the caregiver was also used an interview, then the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI), anxiety and depression scale (HAD) Scale and the Zarit caregiver burden (Zarit). The data were processed using descriptive procedures for the analysis of characterization of samples, such as cognitive screening and physical activity level and profile of caregivers. There was a normal distribution of the data using the Shapiro Wilk, For data with normal distribution were used parametric descriptive procedures using One Way ANOVA to compare groups and applying a post hoc Bonferroni. As for the data that showed the destruction not normal was used to standardize the test by Z -score , and then treated by means of parametric statistical procedures , as presented earlier . The Pearson correlation was used to identify possible associations between variables. It was assumed significance level of 5 % (p ≤ 0.05) for all analyzes. Given these results, we conclude that...

Células granulares do giro denteado recém-geradas em ratos epilépticos jovens e idosos apresentam dendritos basais

As células granulares do giro denteado do hipocampo são continuamente geradas na zona subgranular em mamíferos. Condições como epilepsia e envelhecimento podem alterar a proliferação celular e também certas características morfológicas das células granulares, como a formação de dendritos basais. Através da imunohistoquímica para doublecortin, marcador neuronal de células granulares imaturas, o estudo visa avaliar a proliferação destas células e quantificar o número de dendritos basais em animais epilépticos crônicos usando o modelo de Epilepsia de Lobo Temporal induzido por pilocarpina. Contatamos que a relação de células granulares com dendritos basais permanece constante no decorrer da vida do animal epiléptico de forma que esta alteração plástica das células granulares não seja fator determinante na patologia

Influência que o estado de ânimo gerado por exercícios sistematizados e não sistematizados provoca na pressão arterial de idosos normotensos e hipertensos

A hipertensão arterial atinge uma média de 20% a 25% da população brasileira. Estudos apontam que a prática regular de atividade física além de combater o sedentarismo pode ser utilizada como meio não farmacológico de tratamento e prevenção da hipertensão. Objetivo: Verificar os efeitos do estado de ânimo gerado por exercícios não sistematizados e sistematizados na pressão arterial. Metodologia: Participaram do estudo 30 alunas que participam há mais de seis meses do Programa Saúde Ativa Rio Claro. Elas receberam treinamento duas semanas, para utilizarem o aparelho de pressão digital de pulso Fuzzy LOGIC. As participantes foram submetidas a 3 sessões de aulas (aeróbio, lúdico e força) em dias diferentes. As aulas do aeróbio contavam com 40 min de caminhada moderada, a aula de força constou 3 séries de 1 minuto, com intervalo entre as séries de 30 segundos para membros superiores e inferiores e a aula lúdica com brincadeiras não padronizadas. As aulas foram constituídas de alongamento (10 min), parte principal (40 min) e volta à calma (10 min). A pressão arterial sistólica (PAS) e diastólica (PAD) foram aferidas nos momentos: repouso (M1), término (M2), 30 minutos após a sessão (M3), 4 horas após (M4) e 8 horas após a sessão dos exercícios (M5). A análise estatística utilizada foi a Anova para medidas repetidas com 2 fatores (Momentos e Tipo de aula) com significância de p<0.05. Resultados: A PAS no M3 foi menor do que no M1 e M2 para todos os protocolos (p<0.05); para a PAD o M3 apresentou valores menores do que o M1 e M2 para todos os protocolos. Conclusão: O efeito hipotensor teve resultados mais significativos quando relacionado a prática dos exercícios do que aos estados de ânimo gerados pelos mesmos. A prática da atividade física foi capaz de alterar positivamente os estados de ânimo dos indivíduos... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)