Diagn��stico ambiental em ��rea com vazamento de combust��veis por meio da integra����o de dados geof��sicos e geoqu��micos no munic��pio de S��o Manuel - SP

The contamination of the physical environment occurs as a result of the lack of planning and inadequate management of hazardous products. Due to the difficulty of the characterization and study of soil and groundwater, the contamination has been long neglected. The characterization of these areas by research techniques through direct methods such as physical and chemical analysis, are widely used in the diagnosis and monitoring. However, despite presenting quantitative results, this method is not representative in spatial terms. The purpose of this work is to bring geophysical complementation with the diagnosis, bringing the spatial element for the detection of the contamination plume. In the study area, there was a railway accident in 1999 in which three wagons fell and spilled 240,000 L of diesel onto the soil. The main objective is to assess the presence of contaminants in the residual phase and dissolved in the subsurface, using the technique of Electrical Tomography (ETR), understand the effects of natural attenuation process in the degradation of hydrocarbons and changes in electrical properties in soil and groundwater. The results allowed the definition of three distinct patterns of resistivity region with presence of dissolved phase, set in a historical chemical analyzes: low values (> 60��.m) associated with the presence of hydrocarbons in an advanced stage of degradation, intermediate values (260��.me 511�� .m) indicative of coexistence of residual hydrocarbons and dissolved phase, and high values (> 1000��.m), which reveal the prevalence of residual phase with incipient degradation, possibly in high toxicity concentrations for effective action of biodegradation processes. The diagnostic of areas with potential accumulation of residual phase can subsidize the planning of remediation techniques and promote the complete decontamination of the area

M��todos geoel��tricos aplicados ao diagn��stico ambiental subsuperficial do Cemit��rio Municipal de Rio Claro, SP

Coordena����o de Aperfei��oamento de Pessoal de N��vel Superior (CAPES)

Diagn��stico da qualidade ambiental nas ��reas verdes p��blicas em Presidente Prudente (SP)

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient��fico e Tecnol��gico (CNPq)

��ndice de an��lise ambiental simplificado na avalia����o de impactos nos recursos h��dricos da bacia hidrogr��fica do Ribeir��o do Meio, Leme, S��o Paulo, Brasil

This study evaluated environmental impacts at Meio Creek watershed, Leme, Sao Paulo, Brazil. A simplified environmental analysis index was applied correlating land use and occupation (vegetation elimination or modification, wildlife, color, smell, grease, oils, foams, larvae and red worms) with water quality parameters (conductivity, dissolved oxygen, pH and temperature). The simplified environmental analysis index showed that 27.8% visited places had a high or worrying environmental impact and 5.6% had a really high impact. As to the results of physical and chemical parameters, pH and conductivity values showed the conditions and standards that water Class 2 and 3 should have. These parameters were not the same for dissolved oxygen levels at most of the analyzed points. Despite the current environmental legislation at federal, state and municipal levels, Leme city does not have an effective environmental plan to control and protect springs and Meio Creek watershed and its tributaries.

Avalia����o ambiental simplificada dos recursos h��dricos na bacia hidrogr��fica do Ribeir��o Preto, S��o Paulo

The objective of this study was to evaluate environmental impacts on the Ribeir��o Preto basin in order to define the most degraded areas and their causes and to propose solutions and management strategies for them. An impacts indicator questionnaire was designed, that allowed us to establish a direct relationship between reactions achieved and environmental factors by attributing value to some impacting parameters obtained by simple visualization in the field. The questionnaire was applied at 22 points, based on the influence area of the sub-basin and variability in land use. It was determined that the main environmental impacts that affect the basin are in nature effluent wastewater released into water bodies, the disposal of waste and deforestation. These factors were mainly noticed near to Ribeir��o Preto city (State of S��o Paulo), the most populated region. Such information provides subsidies necessary to environmental management in this basin to decreasing environmental degradation. Among the management strategies suggested, it is possible to highlight that related to the accomplishment of environmental legislation, recuperation of degraded areas and adequate treatment and disposal of effluents.

Subs��dios geomorfol��gicos para a avalia����o da sensibilidade ambiental ao ��leo: o caso do baixo curso do rio Tiet�� (SP)

Funda����o de Amparo �� Pesquisa do Estado de S��o Paulo (FAPESP)

Legisla����o ambiental incidente sobre cemit��rios do Estado de S��o Paulo

A expans��o urbana acarreta a necessidade de mitiga����es ambientais, em que um planejamento do uso do solo, bem como seu processo de ocupa����o traz a necessidade tamb��m de estudos para viabilizar tais a����es. Nesse processo de expans��o, os cemit��rios necessitam de maiores aten����es, j�� que evidenciaram ind��cios de contamina����es no solo e fontes de ��gua pr��ximas. Atualmente, o CONAMA (Conselho Nacional de Meio Ambiente) possui duas resolu����es que discorrem sobre os aspectos construtivos, visando controlar os res��duos existentes, tais como o Liquame da Coliqua����o (tamb��m conhecido por Necrochorume), um dos respons��veis pela contamina����o do solo e aqu��feros subterr��neos. Tendo esse escopo em pauta, este trabalho exibe um levantamento da legisla����o que incide sobre a implanta����o e regulariza����o de cemit��rios no estado de S��o Paulo.

Caracter��sticas agron��micas e demanda energ��tica de cultivares de soja sob efeito dos sistemas de preparo do solo

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of preparation: intermediate grade, minimum tillage and no-till on the agronomic characteristics and energy demand of transgenic soybean cultivars and non-GMO soybeans. Soil preparation aims at improving physical, chemical and biological conditions, aiming at good emergence and plant development. The different types of tillage may interfere with the agronomic characteristics and productivity of plants, and in energy use which can cause variation in production costs. Genetically modified plants can be one of the alternatives for reduction of production costs in crops by reducing pesticide applications, enabling higher productivity with less environmental impact. The test was conducted in 2010/2011 at the agricultural Experimental Farm Lageado, belonging to the Faculty of Agronomic Sciences ��� UNESP, located in the city of Botucatu, SP in an area using no-till systems for the past 12 years. The experiment was carried out in a 3 x 2 factorial, randomized treatments were comprised of three soil preparation systems, minimum cultivation, intermediate grade preparation and no-till, with two cultivars of soybeans: MGBR-46 Conquest (conventional), Valuable RR (Transgenic). The data obtained was submitted to variance analysis using Tukey test at a 5% probability. With the results analyzed it might be observed that there was no significant difference between treatments, in the variables, the percentage of soil cover, final soybean plant population, grain yield and plant height. The results obtained show that the no-till system resulted in higher productivity than conventional tillage and minimum cultivation. The higher specific energy use per area was observed in minimum cultivation with a chisel plough, when compared to the preparation across the grid. The greatest fuel consumption was to treat minimum cultivation with chisel plough. The highest values were found in the skating system of minimum cultivation, being greater in conventional tillage system. It is more satisfactory for the producer to sow transgenic soy using a no-till system, because productivity retrieved from that system compensates for fuel expenditure.

A legisla����o ambiental aplicada nas ��reas de preserva����o permanente da microbacia do Ribeir��o Duas ��guas - Botucatu (SP)

O trabalho visou obter o uso do solo da microbacia do Ribeir��o Duas ��guas ��� Botucatu (SP), atrav��s de imagem de sat��lite, a determina����o das ��reas de Preserva����o Permanentes (APPs) e os conflitos existentes na ��rea. As bases cartogr��ficas foram: a carta planialtim��trica em formato digital do IBGE de 1969 e imagem de sat��lite de 2011. O SIG-IDRISI Selva foi utilizado para realizar o georreferenciamento da imagem, gera����o dos buffer de APPs e o overlay para obten����o dos conflitos de uso al��m da confec����o do mapa tem��tico final. No CartaLinx foi feita a delimita����o da ��rea de estudo e dos elementos (da rede de drenagem e das ��reas de uso e cobertura). O uso da terra mostrou que a microbacia vem sendo ocupada por 1149,67ha de florestas naturais; 1073,45ha de reflorestamento; 737,67ha de pastagens; 691,93ha com solo exposto e 132,33ha de campo sujo. J�� quanto as APPs, elas correspondem a 366,34ha de toda a microbacia, e destas 89,32ha est��osendo usadas para outros fins evidenciando assim seu conflito de uso. Desta forma, a caracteriza����o do uso e cobertura da terra da regi��o possibilitou uma infinidade de informa����es sobre a tipologia de manejo aplicado e na identifica����o de problemas ambientais que se configuram em decorr��ncia de seu uso. Quanto aos conflitos em APPs uma parte significante da ��rea da microbacia est�� sendo utilizada inadequadamente, n��o respeitando a legisla����o do C��digo Florestal Brasileiro.

Adequabilidade das ��reas de vegeta����o rip��ria da microbacia do C��rrego Comur - Botucatu (SP) em fun����o da legisla����o ambiental

The inadequate soil use is an aggravating factor of the environmental degradation and ecological unbalance. The analysis of the use and covering of the soil, by information of Remote Sensing, constitutes a technique of great usefulness to the planning and administration of the ordered occupation and rational of the physical middle, besides making possible to evaluate and to monitor the preservation of areas of natural vegetation. This work sought to evaluate the conflicts of soil use in permanent preservation areas (PPA) in Stream Comur watershed - Botucatu (SP) through Geographical Information System and satellite image of 2009. The study area is located among the geographical coordinates 48o 23��� 04��� to 48o 25��� 54��� of longitude WGr. and 22o 44��� 42��� to 22o 48��� 12��� of latitude S with an area of 1,719.6 ha. The results allowed to verify that the geoprocessing techniques were of fundamental importance in the identification of the areas of soil use, of APP and of conflicts among use and PPA where it leaves of the areas of APP is being used inadequately. In terms of environmental sustainability, it can be deduced that the watershed is very unfavorable, once it presents 70.67% of area used inadequately with sugarcane and pasture.

Diagn��stico e avalia����o ambiental das nascentes da Serra dos Mat��es, munic��pio de Pedro II, Piau��

P��s-gradua����o em Geografia - IGCE