Geração de padrões de corte n-grupos para a indústria moveleira

Neste artigo são apresentadas propostas de soluções para o problema de geração de padrões de corte n-grupos para o corte da matéria-prima na indústria moveleira. Este problema NP-difícil aparece em diversos outros processos industriais que incluem o corte de painéis retangulares grandes de tamanho padrão em retângulos menores. O planejamento dos cortes é um aspecto importante do planejamento da produção nestas indústrias, pois efeitos negativos tais como o perda de matériaprima e tempo de preparo da máquina de corte podem ser minimizados, diminuindo assim os custos de produção. É estudada a eficiência de modelos lineares inteiros para resolver o problema do corte guilhotinado bidimensional propostos em [33,34], bem como o seu uso na geração de colunas para o problema de corte de estoque. São usados dados reais de uma fábrica de móveis de pequeno porte característica do pólo moveleiro de Votuporanga/SP. Os resultados obtidos indicam que as estratégias propostas geram perdas dentro dos requisitos exigidos pela fábrica. © SPM.

Microgeração de energia elétrica (Abaixo de 100 kW) utilizando turbina Tesla modificada

An economical electricity generating system is developed, i.e., a boiler and turbine with a capacity ≤ 100 kw, to occupy a niche market where the existing steam systems are not economically viable. A Tesla turbine is used. It has been modified to provide greater torque, outperforming the deficiency inherent in the original Tesla turbine. It can operate with saturated steam produced by a boiler heated by biomass, gas, biodiesel, etc. The microgenerator consumes locally available fuel and can bring energy to millions of rural living Brazilians, where some kind of biomass is abundant. The Tesla turbine is compact, has no moving parts, and has endless application possibilities. A prototype system is also created to produce electricity with a boiler and generator.

Utilização do coque verde de petróleo da Petrobras em substituição parcial ao carvão mineral das misturas injetadas em altos fornos

The Petrobras produced green petroleum coke (GPC) is a carbon rich fuel, virtually ash-free, with low sulfur content, and is a fuel suitable to replace metallurgical coke in blast furnaces. The GPC was tested in a pulverized coal injection simulator built in the Volta Redonda research center. It presented a low burning efficiency due to low volatile material content and high substitution rate by the carbon content. The tests were carried out in blast furnaces with ≤ 50% Petrobras GPC in the coal blends. The injected coal/CVP mixtures produced no negative side effects in the blast furnace grinding systems, pneumatic conveying, or operating process. The mixture burning process inside the blast furnace showed a decrease in fuel consumption, with a significant reduction in metallurgical coke consumption. The industrial-scale tests of the GPC mixtures did not reach the 70% maximum for lack of the GPC feedstock, which is necessary to continue with standard coal mixtures.

Análise isotópica (δ13c) e legalidade em néctares de uva

The aim of this work was to develop an isotopic analysis method to quantify the carbon of C3 photosynthesis cycle in grape nectar and to identify the commercial beverages in disagreement to the Brazilian Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply (MAPA) regulation. The nectars were produced in a laboratory, according to the Brazilian Law. Adulterated beverages with quantity of grape juice lower than the legal limit were also produced. Isotopic analysis measured the relative isotopic enrichment of grape nectar and its purified sugar fraction. Based on these results, it was possible to estimated the quantity of source C3 by means of isotopic dilution equation. To determine the existence of adulteration in commercial nectars, it was necessary to create a legal limit according to the Brazilian Law. One of the twelve commercial brands of nectar analyzed was classified as adulterated. The developed methodology proved to be efficient to quantify the carbon of C3 origin and identify the adulterated commercial grape nectar.

Caracterização de requeijão cremoso potencialmente prebiótico pela adição de inulina e proteína de soja

Requeijão is a typical Brazilian cheese and exhibits a significant consumption in the domestic market and presents high potential for functional foods. In this study the physicochemical characterization of requeijão cheese added of dairy cream, hydrogenated vegetal fat, soy protein isolate and inulin was carried out. For the requeijão cheese making it was used: Lactic mass, sodium chloride, melting salt, starch, whey protein concentrate, xanthan gum, nisin and water. Dairy cream (2.0; 4.0 and 6.0%), hydrogenated vegetable fat (6.0; 8.0 and 10.0%), soy protein isolate - SPI (0.5; 1.0 and 1.5%) and inulin (3.8; 5.05 and 6.3%) were added, according to the trial. The formulated products presented 6.26 to 6.38 of pH value, 0.24 to 0.39% of acidity, 7.29 to 10.04% of protein, 1.62 to 1.77% of ashes, 12.5 to 21.3% of fat, 39.8 to 66.1% of fat dry matter and 28.63 to 35.56% of total solids. The developed requeijão cheeses added of soy protein isolate and inulin are feasible alternatives for healthy foods and potentially prebiotics.

Carotenoides em abóboras

The present literature review highlights the importance of carotenoids as bioactive compound, and its potential application in functional foods. It were detailed the origin, chemical characteristics and sources of the carotenoids. It were also studied the most used methods to quantify and qualify the carotenoids, including spectrophotometry, mass spectrometry, high-performance liquid chromatography, gas chromatography and colorimetry. The pumpkin intake is recommended because they represent important source of carotenoids such as α-carotene, β-carotene and lutein.

Finiteness of hermitian levels of some algebras

We characterize the hermitian levels of quaternion and octonion algebras and of an 8-dimensional algebra D over the ground field F, constructed using a weak version of the Cayley-Dickson double process. It is shown that all values of the hermitian levels of quaternion algebras with the hat-involution also occur as hermitian levels of D. We give some limits to the levels of the algebra D over some ground field. © Soc. Paran. de Mat.

Maçã 'Royal Gala' revestida com quitosana estocada à temperatura ambiente

The aim of this work was to evaluate apples covered with chitosan during storage at ambient temperature. 'Royal Gala' apples were covered with chitosan (MRQ), immersed in acetic acid solution (MB) or did not receive any treatment (MC) and subsequently analyzed physicochemical, sensorial andinstrumentally, as well as for rotten occurrence, at zero, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42 and 46 days of storage. The ratio, pH and reducing sugar contents increased while total titratable acidity, total sugars, total solids and firmness were reduced during storage. Was observed a drastically reduction of ascorbic acid and slight increase on soluble solids, except in the apples that were not pretreated (MC). Luminosity and chromaticity ratio values improved with time, with higher intensity in MRQ. Rotten occurrence was not expressive. The acceptance of appearance, color, global impression, aroma and flavor decreased with time, and appearance and texture were considered the most important sensory attributes for apples. The use of chitosan delayed ripening, reduced losses in firmness and presented a more intense bright, extending shelf life period up to seven days.

Influência da combinação de dados GPS e GLONASS no georreferenciamento de imóveis rurais

The land question has been a widely discussed topic in Brazil, regarding land tenure. Law No. 10.267/01 was a major breakthrough for the agrarian issue. Since then on all rural properties must be georeferenced to the Brazilian Geodetic System (BGS). Therefore, satellite positioning and conventional methods are extensively used. Changes have been occurring in satellite positioning systems due to the addition of new signals in GPS (Global System Positioning), restructuring of GLONASS (Global Orbiting Navigation Satellite System), and the new systems like Galileo and Compass as well. To evaluate the effects of combining GPS and GLONASS data, several batches of processings were performed on different configurations. The data processing was performed to determine the coordinates of points of basic support and those materializing the neighborhood of the rural properties. As a result, it was found that the use of accurate ephemeris in transporting coordinates to support points has no significant influence, since transportation with broadcast ephemeris also meets the accuracy requirements for the Standard Technique for Georreferencing Rural Properties. On the other hand, when GPS and GLONASS data were used, such combination provides the best results. In the case of neighboring points, the use of GPS and GLONASS data is also recommended because such data meet the precision requirement and showed better results than those from where data were processed separately.

Estimativa e análise de índices de irregularidades da ionosfera utilizando dados GPS de redes ativas

Observable GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) are affected by systematic errors due to free electrons present in the ionosphere. The error associated with the ionosphere depends on the Total Electron Content (TEC), which is influenced by several variables: solar cycle, season, local time, geomagnetic activity and geographic location. The GPS (Global Positioning System), GLONASS (Global Orbiting Navigation Satellite System) and Galileo dual frequency receivers allow the calculation of the error that affects the GNSS observables and the TEC. Using the rate of change of TEC (ROT - Rate of TEC) indices that indicate irregularities of the ionosphere can be determined, allowing inferences about its behavior. Currently it is possible to perform such studies in Brazil, due to the several Active Networks available, such as RBMC/RIBaC (Rede Brasileira de Monitoramento Contínuo/Rede INCRA de Bases Comunitárias) and GNSS Active Network of São Paulo. The proposed research aimed at estimating and analysing of indexes of irregularities of the ionosphere, besides supplying the geosciences of information about the behavior of the ionosphere.

Concentrado proteico de vísceras de surubim híbrido em dietas para cachara

The current study evaluated the growth performance and the haematological profile of barred sorubim fed with levels of hybrid sorubim viscera protein concentrate (0.0; 5.0; 10.0 e 15.0%) in isoprotein and isoenergetic diets. Eighty fish with an average initial weight of 39.8 ± 0.28 g and an average initial length of 19.92 ± 0.25 cm were distributed in 16 aquaria of 60 L, with recirculation system and temperature control, during 35 days. The experimental design was completely randomized with four treatments and four replications. For the growth performance assay were analyzed the follows variables: weight gain (WG), feed consumption (FC), apparent feed conversion ratio (AFCR) and protein efficiency ratio (PER). Furthermore, the hemogram were assessed on the treated fish with levels of protein concentrate. It was observed no significant difference (P>0.05) for all the parameters evaluated. It was concluded that the protein concentrate from hybrid sorubim viscera can be included up to 15% in diets for barred sorubim juveniles without negative response on the performance and health.

Incorporação de probióticos na dieta para juvenis de tilápias-do-nilo: Parâmetros hematológicos, imunológicos e microbiológicos

Probiotics are generally considered as live microorganisms which, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit to the host. The processing method of diet and the form of inclusion of probiotic can interfere in hematological, immunological and microbiological parameters in fish. The aim was to estimate the hematological, immunological and microbiological parameters in juveniles of Nile tilapia, fed probiotic, included before and after the process of pelletization and extrusion. The experimental design was completely randomized, with five treatments: pelleted diet without probiotic, pelleted diet with inclusion of probiotic before and after processing, extruded feed without probiotic and extruded feed with inclusion of probiotic after processing and five replications. Two hundred and fifty fish were distributed in 25 aquaria (20 L) and fed for 63 days. The blood composition (red and white) showed no significant differences except mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration of control when compared to other treatments. The phagocytic capacity of the animals that had received the extruded diet supplemented with probiotic was significantly higher when compared to the other treatments. However, there were no differences between the treatments regarding to the phagocytic index. Fish fed the extruded diet exhibited significant improvement in the nonspecific immunity. The probiotic bacteria colonized the intestine, since it was possible to recover them. We can affirm that these fishes remained healthy, because the hematological parameters were not altered during the experimental. The study shows that any form type of inclusion in the feed tested (before or after and after pelletizing extrusion) may be easily used by the fish farmer.

Frequência de arraçoamento para alevinos de carpa comum

The best frequency of feeding for development of common carp fingerlings Cyprinus carpio was determined. Four hundred fish (4.88 ± 1.41 g and 6.72 ± 0.70 cm) were used, distributed in 20 tanks of 250 L each in completely randomized design with four treatments and five replicates. The four feeding strategies adopted were: providing feed once (T1), twice (T2), three (T3) and four times daily (T4) at the same amount being fractionated as described. At the end of 45 days of experiment were carried out measurements of the final weight (FW), final length (FL), weight gain (WG), feed conversion (FC), specific growth rate (SGR) and survivor (SR). It was evaluated the chemical composition of fish carcass: moisture (MT), crude protein (CP), lipids (LP) and ash (AS) and hematological analyzes performed such as erythrocyte (ER), hemoglobin (HG) and hematocrit (HT). There were significant statistical differences (P<0.01) for FW, FL, WG and SGR. For FC and SR there were no statistical differences (P>0.01). For the chemical composition the moisture, lipids and ash showed significant statistical differences (P>0.01), except only for protein (P>0.01) The hematological composition was not influenced by the feed frequency, it was not observed significant statistical difference (P>0.01) of erythrocytes, hemoglobin and hematocrit among dietary treatments. For common carp fingerlings, the provision of ration four times daily provided better final weight, final length, weight gain and specific growth rate without causing changes in the composition and hematological parameters of the fish.

Influência de uma piscicultura em tanquesrede na dieta e atributos biológicos de Galeocharax knerii na represa de Chavantes, Brasil

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the diet and biological attributes of the population of Galeocharax knerii residing near net cage fish farming activities in the Chavantes reservoir (Paranapanema River, Brazil) to check their possible impacts. Samples were collected from two populations: one near the net cages (NC) and one from an area not influenced by these cages denominated the reference site (RS). Monthly sampling was carried out from March 2008 to February 2009. Fish were caught with a standardized effort using gill nets deployed for 14 hours. The alimentary index (AI) and degree of repletion (RD) were calculated to determine diet composition. Analyses of the sex ratio and the gonadosomatic index (GSI) were also performed. The calculations of AI revealed that fish wastes constituted the most frequent food item in the diet in both study areas (NC = 70.43; RS = 87.55), followed by the consumption of Apareiodon affinis (AI = 29.56), which was abundant near the NC, and prawn at the reference site (AI = 12.28). The sex ratio differed from 1:1 and mature individuals were only found in the population near the NC. The findings demonstrate that G. knerii indirectly benefits from the input of organic matter, using small fish as its main food resource. We conclude that the activities of fish farming influence diet and biological attributes of the species G. knerii, evidenced mainly by higher feeding activity, numerical abundance and biomass in the area of the cages.