A questão do desenvolvimento: um estudo de abordagens recentes

This paper examines different ways to perceive and understand the development. More precisely, it seeks to do so by authors who have alternative views about the economic variables as a development objective. The study deals with three different approaches, emphasizing the instruments and the public policy objectives of development that they propose. To do so, relies on original texts of important authors who have recently contributed to the production of different concepts related to the topic. Also use authors who comment them or clarify aspects of their approaches, as well as indexes and maps that show the important aspect of measurement present of these approaches. More specifically, the authors are Ha-Joon Chang, to highlight the important role of the state and history, Amartya Sen, to extend the concept of development and, finally, Herman Daly, to show the importance, increasingly the subject of environmental problems and sustainable development. Each chapter focuses on a recently published work of these authors that represents a major review of its aspects

Paradigma e metodologias da questão agrária: uma análise das ocupações de terras no Brasil com ênfase para o Pontal do Paranapanema-SP

A questão agrária é da essência do modo capitalista de produção. A existência ou não do campesinato nesse modo de produção é justamente o cerne da discussão. A questão agrária pode ser interpretada de diferentes formas, por meio de correntes teóricas ou até mesmo paradigmas, como o caso do Paradigma da questão Agrária e o Paradigma do Capitalismo Agrário. Neste trabalho procuro defender a ideia de que a questão agrária é um problema estrutural do capitalismo, atualizada conjunturalmente por diferentes elementos, sejam eles de cunho social, político ou econômico. Um destes elementos, destacado nesta pesquisa, é justamente a luta pela terra em escala nacional e regional. A criação e recriação do campesinato no Brasil tem se dado, principalmente, a partir da luta pela terra, materializada em ocupações, acampamentos e, conseqüente, criação de assentamentos rurais. Em escala nacional, discuto a diminuição das ocupações de terra e de novos acampamentos nos últimos anos, com o intuito de compreender as possíveis causas. Já, em escala regional, no Pontal do Paranapanema-SP, algumas mudanças no que diz respeito à mobilização das famílias semterra e a esporacidade da vida nos acampamentos são apresentadas a fim de colaborar com a discussão sobre a dinâmica, contemporaneidade e perspectiva da luta pela terra

Políticas educacionais dos anos 1990: a questão do fracasso escolar

O presente trabalho consiste numa análise teórica das políticas educacionais delineadas a partir dos anos de 1990, mormente nos oito anos do governo Fernando Henrique Cardoso, com o objetivo de verificar se os principais documentos legais, planos e ações, elaborados no período, enfrentam a questão do fracasso escolar no ensino fundamental, considerando ser este um dos grandes desafios da educação brasileira. A análise documental envolve o estudo (i) das distintas concepções de fracasso escolar; (ii) da legislação básica promulgada no período, examinando a) a Constituição Federal de 1988 e as emendas constitucionais referentes à educação b) a Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação Nacional 9.394/96 e as leis que alteraram o texto original c) a Lei nº 9.424/96 que trata do Fundo de Manutenção e Desenvolvimento do Ensino Fundamental e de Valorização do Magistério (FUNDEF); (iii) dos planos de educação, examinando a) O Plano Decenal de Educação para Todos - 1993-2003 b) o Plano Nacional de Educação – PNE 2001-2010 – Lei nº 10.172/2001 e (iv) dos Programas para correção do fluxo escolar, em especial o modo como se operam o sistema de ciclos e de progressão continuada, por considerá-los como importantes ações governamentais utilizadas para o enfrentamento do fracasso escolar por boa parte dos sistemas escolares. O exame da legislação e planos objetiva destacar artigos ou trechos que demonstrem preocupação, discutam, ou indiquem ações para a resolução do problema do fracasso escolar. Os dados estatísticos sobre repetência, abandono e evasão escolar subsidiam a análise da temática. O trabalho ratifica as teses de diversos autores sobre a exclusão escolar, presente nos diversos sistemas educacionais, a escola de hoje pratica uma “inclusão excludente”, mantendo os alunos em seu interior mesmo que não estes não apresentem níveis de aprendizagem satisfatórios. Dados os limites impostos pelo...

A importância da linguagem do educador no processo de construção da autonomia moral da criança pré-escolar

This paper demonstrates that in every society there are limits and these are imposed on its members. However, the awareness and the determination of theses limits are necessarily how they are transmitted by the educator to the learners. Its purpose is to show that autonomous, critical and cooperative individuals are result of the form they were educated and instructed in the classroom. Schools and educators should be concerned with the education of individuals able to reflect, discuss and solve the social and moral conflicts through dialogue, exposition of ideas, suggesting alternatives and the preparation and reworking of the principles and norms that govern society. The goal of this study is identify and highlight the importance of educator language in conflict resolution, its consequences and effects on the process of building the moral autonomy of children in preschool, as well as discussing, in theory the two types of language, evaluative and descriptive. In the same way, show the importance of descriptive language on the construction process from moral autonomy of learner. Several existing research about the chosen subject led to face this challenge, deepening the study to show that and educational system focused on cooperative environment, where teacher actions encourage social interaction, giving the student opportunity to talk, argue and present his thoughts, causes a significant development toward the construction of moral autonomy on the learner

A questão cultural no município de Álvares Machado: a importância de políticas públicas no processo de preservação urbano-ambiental

This work analyzes the importance of public policies in the process of urban-environmental preservation of the Alvares Machado city at state of Sao Paulo in Brazil, where priority was given to questions related to cultural heritage. Adopting the concept of territory as base to understand the complexities in the city, this work clarifies and contextualizes the historical heritage legislation through the Master Plan and the City Statute. The work also focuses on the contribution of the geographer toward studies related to urban-environmental planning.

A construção da autonomia numa perspectiva piagetiana: contribuições para a Educação Infantil

This paper aims at discussion the construction of autonomy of cognitive development and child morality, according to the Piagetian approach view of the influence of socio-moral classroom in kindergarten. It is known that education is a very important part of participation in relation to the development of autonomy by the child, especially when it comes to kindergarten who becomes responsible for performing the initial encouragement of this ability, respecting the phase cognitive development in which the child is. We focus, therefore, the need for education and teaching activities that enable this construction offering little opportunity to exercise and build their first signs of autonomy. For their achievement, in addition to literature, which has been supported by theoretical studies of Jean Piaget, we chose a field research where we look, from the interview and observation, investigate the socio-moral environment of a room class of a school Kindergarten, highlighting the important opportunities for the exercise of autonomy for the children, amid the routine of the group. The interview was focused on the pursuit of basic knowledge of the educator on the subject, as well as what would be aware of the role of preschool in the process of moral development and about their own role as an educator this mode of education. Since the remark was directed at the teacher's procedures against the encouragement of social and moral ability, focusing mainly on interpersonal relationships in the classroom. Our classroom has proved to be a cooperative environment and therefore we emphasize the importance of the teacher's conduct that permeated the day-to-day classroom and encouraged to start building this skill by the student. The main objective of this study therefore was to investigate the possibilities and outcomes that have a school experience for the development of autonomy for children

Da questão agrária brasileira: uma análise sobre o debate da década de 60 e 70

This monograph object of analysis is the agriculture modernization in Brazil between 1960 and 1980, highlighting the discussion of the economic and politic ideas around the Brazilian agrarian question. The first parte presents an introduction about this issue and the theoretical positions, as well as social and economic implications for the development of the productive forces on rural areas. Nevertheless, reflections of its development to the economy as a whole, highlighting the way the income distribution and concentration was realized. On the second part its presented the agriculture modernization Project on the centralized militar government point of view, by the propositions of that time Agriculture Minister, Antônio Delfim Netto. The approach is made through the proposals precreeded by the Rural Worker Statute and the Land Statute, before the Military Coup, with its news counterpoints settled in law by the Agriculture Modernization Project installed in 1964; the concessions of funding grants and subsidized credits; the relationship between the authoritarian State and the militarization of the land conflicts. The third part deals with the salary dinamics, income and profit on the modernized rural economy created by the agroindustrial productions system. Lastly the conclusion cross the economic and social results of the agrarian question evolution, to the Brazilian agriculture modernization on income distribution

Comunicação interna: uma questão de qualidade

Internal Communications, a central theme of this project, it is essential to support a transparent and effective cooperation between organization and em ployee. In companies with Quality Management System, as certified in ISO 9001, need to adhere to the quality not only in its management policy, but as in all of its processes and the various agencies in which there is interaction, especially the internal. This paper aims to reflect on the interaction with the internal audience, paying attention to the fact that the information required and the strategic management of public relations positively interfere in the relationship between organization and employe e and the resulting benefits that these entail in quality management. The demonstration of the policies employed by the company Vien a Grafica & Editora as the basis for developing a model suggestive of internal communication in business quality. Thus, we intend to understand how effective communication arouses feelings of motivation and engagement among employees, so there is the realization of quality in all organizational sectors

Gêneros do discurso, ciência e mídia: a divulgação científica em questão

This work’s main purpose is to research how the scientific speech is outlined on the Revista Língua Portuguesa in statements made by linguists. Statements issued in the previously mentioned magazine have been analyzed. In order to achieve the proposal, the research was based on the following questions: how both the scientific and the scientific divulgation speeches are formed in the magazine, and whether the opinion texts written by scholars and researchers in the linguistic field identify themselves with opinion articles, scientific articles or scientific divulgation texts. Those questions were discussed from the theoretical-methodological bakhtinian perspective, taking the notion of dialogism, the human activity sphere, genres of discourse and style as conceptual elements. It has been detected that there is a complexity in the construction of the genres in the magazine, always taking into account the journalistic and scientific spheres of circulation. The analyzed statements presented themselves as a confluence of many genres’ characteristics, showing a point of view, a scientific subject, a researcher-author and a language adjustment to the magazine reader, making it more accessible. The analysis showed that the discussed statements resemble opinion articles, scientific articles, and reviews, besides being scientific divulgation at the same time

Reforma Agrária em questão: a propriedade privada como fator de desterritorialização camponesa no Assentamento Fazenda Primavera (Andradina-SP)

Pós-graduação em Geografia - FCT

A política externa em direitos humanos no governo Lula (2003-2010)

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

A autonomia no contexto Teletandem institucinal integrado

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

O gênero em questão: crítica e formação nos Bildungsromane The Secret Life of Bees, de Sue Monk Kidd, e Sapato de salto, de Lygia Bojunga

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Itens lexicais tabus: usá-los ou não. Eis a questão .

The language in use in a society is product of a culture and reflects the way a community thinks. Therefore, the lexical units, through the meanings assigned by a social group, establish a specific look of the universe. We intend to demonstrate that for the denomination of the sexual organs of the human body it usual to avoid the official anatomical terminology – relegated to contexts of great formality – and to adopt other lexical items during informal situations. We intend, with this research, to demystify some prejudices related to the erotic-obscene lexicon, its use and its creation, besides stimulating reflections, in Portuguese and Italian.

Quando gestos não políticos são políticos: a tradução brasileira de Giovanni's Room, de James Baldwin, e a questão da homossexualidade

This work is part of a research project on the role of translations of African-American literature in Brazil and their relation to issues of identity, discourse and aesthetics. It analyzes the translation, by Affonso Blacheyre, of Giovanni's room (1956), by James Baldwin, which was published in 1967 in Brazil. Baldwin is revered for his role in the Civil Rights Movement, having produced works that portray the contradictions of a democratic, but, at the same time, racist society. Giovanni's room was first rejected by his publisher for addressing homosexuality. The text displayed on the book flaps of the translation praises Baldwin's "work with language", in contrast to his anti-racism in other works. The praise of aesthetics of Giovanni's room is noteworthy, in contrast with the absence of any remarks on its critique of the marginalization of homosexuality. The focus on the aesthetics of the work corresponded to characters speaking a more formal register in the translation. Discourses on identity strengthening were less apparent in the 60s in Brazil in comparison to nowadays. The emphasis on aesthetics represented a seemingly "non-political" gesture that made it less shocking in the context of military dictatorship prevalent in the country at the time.