Avalia����o do estado emocional associado �� catalepsia causada pela administra����o intraperitoneal de haloperidol

Haloperidol is a dopamine receptor antagonist used to treat schizophrenia. When systemically administered in rodents, haloperidol induces catalepsy, a state of immobility very similar to that seen in Parkinson's disease. It is known that many of Parkinson's disease symptoms are dependent on the emotional state since patients are still able to respond to external triggers such as loud noise or visual signaling. Recent data highlighted the importance of glutamatergic neurotransmission in the inferior colliculus (IC) on the cataleptic state induced by haloperidol in rats. Given the importance of IC in the brain aversion system and its connections to motor pathways, and based on the clinical reports of the emotional influence on the motor aspect of Parkinson's disease, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the emotional aspect related to catalepsy induced by intraperitoneal administration of haloperidol. To this end, we analysed ultrasonic vocalizations (UVs) of 22 kHz (indicative of aversion) in rats during the tests of catalepsy, open field and contextual conditioned fear. Systemic administration of haloperidol affected the motor activity, inducing catalepsy and decreasing exploratory activity in the open field. There were no UVs of 22 kHz resulting from treatment with haloperidol in catalepsy or open field tests. In the contextual conditioned fear test, haloperidol increased freezing when administered before the test, but decreased freezing on test day when administered before training. In this same test, haloperidol decreased the UVs on the day it was administered (training or test). The catalepsy induced by systemic administration of haloperidol seems to have also affected the motor aspect of UVs. In this way, it was not possible to clarify the existence of an aversive emotional state associated haloperidol induced catalepsy

Ecologia de sabi��s (Turdus spp.) e sanha��os (Thraupis spp.) em ��rea urbana com fragmentos florestais no campus da Unesp de Rio Claro

Sabi��s e sanha��os est��o entre as aves frug��voras mais comuns em ��reas urbanas, sendo os primeiros com ampla distribui����o e sanha��os com distribui����o neotropical, onde dispersam sementes de uma variedade de esp��cie de plantas. Analisei o uso do h��bitat e aspectos da ecologia, como densidade, abund��ncia, uso do tempo e de h��bitats das esp��cies de sabi��s e sanha��os presentes no campus da UNESP de Rio Claro, estado de S��o Paulo, nas diferentes esta����es do ano. O estudo foi realizado atrav��s da observa����o das aves ao longo de um transecto onde as vari��veis estudadas inclu��ram o n��mero de indiv��duos, h��bitat de ocorr��ncia, atividade, dist��ncia do transecto, tipo de alimento e estrato de forrageio para os indiv��duos de cada esp��cie. Realizou-se 27 transec����es, as quais inclu��ram ��reas abertas (campos), constru����es (ruas e edifica����es), e fragmentos florestais, num trajeto de 3,65 km, entre os meses de janeiro e agosto de 2010, em tr��s per��odos do dia. Foram registradas cinco esp��cies de aves, o sanha��o-cinzento, o sanha��o-do-coqueiro, o sabi��-barranco, o sabi��-poca e o sabi��-laranjeira, em um total de 555 indiv��duos avistados. Os resultados demonstraram a maior abundancia (283 indiv��duos) e densidade (1.47 Indiv��duos/ha) para a esp��cie de sanha��o-cinzento (Thraupis sayaca). Os dados obtidos permitiram inferir um elevado grau de sele����o do h��bitat utilizado pelas tr��s esp��cies mais abundantes, ocorrendo prefer��ncia por regi��es com maior cobertura vegetal arb��rea/arbustiva. O forrageamento se apresentou como a principal atividade, entretanto, as esp��cies de sabi��s utilizaram ambos estratos, forrageando invertebrados no solo e frutos na vegeta����o arb��rea, enquanto sanha��os encontraram-se unicamente no estrato arb��reo. Foram encontradas 41 esp��cies de plantas arb��reas...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletr��nico abaixo)

A aglomera����o urbana de Piracicaba: uma an��lise da integra����o funcional entre os munic��pios sob a ��tica do movimento pendular

The growth area of cities has resulted in a phenomenon of conurbation (or expressing tendency). This correspond to a combine of two or more urban cores, there are formations of conurbations. In this way, there are the formations of urban concentrations and can achieve the step metropolitan or not metropolitan. Besides, this kind of expansion generates many social and environmental problems related about habitation, rubbish, drain, and others. Piracicaba, a city in expansion, recently, shows evidences of conurbation not metropolitan around itself. Like this, the paulista government, at June, 26 of 2012, institutionalized the Urban Concentration of Piracicaba, a regional unity, intending the administration along with 22 cities. However, for this fact, must be taken into account functional integration among urban centers, because the number of municipalities are presented to compose a urban concentration of level not metropolitan. It has checked along this research, according with proposition about 22 cities. Thus, the objective of this research is identify and analyze the functional integration among participating municipalities through the commuting, in other words, the spatial displacement of people, important factor to be taken into account when defining urban concentration. Considering the displacement routine people, the commuting, also aimed identify the flow of public transport intercity travel among the cities of Piracicaba Regional Unity. Then, analyze the criteria used for establish the Piracicaba Regional Unity, if it was considered technical character or if it was prioritized the political character. To conduct this research, it was done the literature review related to the theme and data collection related lines of intercity transportation and often travel with ARTESP and companies responsible for it service

Reestrutura����o e centralidade em cidades m��dias. Considera����es a partir de Londrina, Mar��lia, Mossor�� e S��o Jos�� do Rio Preto

Este trabalho trata das cidades m��dias, em particular das cidades de Mar��lia, S��o Jos�� do Rio Preto, Londrina e Mossor��. Dentro desse estudo, o enfoque se d�� para a compreens��o e an��lise sobre o modo como est��o combinados os espa��os n��o edificados e os vazios urbanos, os espa��os constru��dos e as vias de circula����o e suas transforma����es ao longo do tempo. A proposta �� analisar o processo de expans��o do tecido urbano dessas cidades para compreender sua morfologia, bem como procurar fazer uma reconstitui����o, tomandose a dimens��o espacial e temporal, com o intuito de que esta contribua na confer��ncia das identidades pr��prias de cada cidade, viabilizando a identifica����o das semelhan��as entre elas, como tamb��m de suas especificidades. Durante o desenvolvimento do trabalho procuramos identificar elementos promotores da reestrutura����o urbana pela qual as cidades t��m passado nas ultimas d��cadas, tentando relaciona-los com as novas formas de produ����o e organiza����o espaciais... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletr��nico abaixo)

Estudo fotodin��mico da clorofila a, azul de metileno e rosa bengala como agente inseticida contra Aedes aegypti

Photodynamic therapy, term introduced by von Tapeiner in 1900, can be defined as the administration of a non toxic drug, i.e., a dye, known as photosensitizer (FS), which subsequently will be illuminated with light of specific wavelength. PDT is based on the interaction among FS, oxygen and light, which through photochemical reactions cause cell death. The FS molecules must have a high probability to form the singlet state after the excitation, which can induce chemical changes in the neighborhood in two ways, called reactions type I and type II. The type II reaction is based on the exchange of energy to molecular oxygen, exciting it to its state of higher energy (singlet), which is highly reactive. The proposed mechanisms for cell death are linked to damage to the DNA, mitochondria and to the cytoplasmic membrane. Several pre���clinical and clinical trials have been carried out and the PDT is already used in many countries for treatment mainly against certain types of cancer. The therapy also has been gaining strength in antimicrobial control, since the microorganisms have appeared increasingly resistant to current antibiotics. Another attempt to use the PDT is for the inactivation of macro���organisms, such as micro���crustaceans and mosquitoes. To this end I tested whether the photosensitizers methylene blue, rose Bengal and the chlorophyll a has insecticidal activity against the yellow fever and dengue vector mosquito, Aedes aegypti. Since these diseases have no effective treatments, its control is linked to the vector control, which has shown resistance to chemical pesticides used. Based on this, this work shows its importance, because it is a new type of mosquito control since all the photosensitizers used are low cost, do not generate toxic products at the concentrations used and showed good results in mortality. The best photosensitizer was rose Bengal... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Os ventos e seus impactos na ��rea urbana de Rio Claro (SP) entre 2005 e 2010: um an��lise atrav��s dos jornais e dos boletins de ocorr��ncia

The intensive development in the urbanization process implied a series of economic, social, and gradually, environmental transformations, essentially, since its intensification, which took place from the Industrial Revolution in Europe and North America. In Latin American countries, including Brazil, there was such acceleration in urban sprawl, only in the middle of the twentieth century, fomented by a peculiar industrialization, coming from the scientific-technical revolution, which occurred in developing countries. In this context, and with a lack of planning and an effective organization, cities of the dependent countries face an inordinate population growth and an unprecedented industrial swelling. Brazil, following this trend, presents several issues regarding the gaps in the provision of necessary infrastructure to meet the most basic needs of its population and the intense activity and anthropogenic effects on the environment. In this sense, environmental problems, related to air and water pollution, degradation and contamination of soil, paving roads, reduction of green areas, urban heat island, among others, reaching ever deeper into the Brazilian urban areas. It is important the analysis in this final project, the weather events related to episodes of strong winds and the events and the impacts to the population of Rio Claro (SP) in the period 2005 to 2010, basing themselves in Geographical Climatology and Urban climate studies. In this scenario, we found the prevalence of occurrences linked to falling trees in the study area, connected, at the same time, to the occurrence and to the absence of episodes of extreme events, with measurements of strong winds, showing a connection between the events and external facts to episodes of winds

Express��o de genes relacionados a c��lcio e glutamato no hipocampo de pacientes com epilepsia do lobo temporal

A epilepsia do lobo temporal (ELT) �� a principal forma de epilepsia, e a principal les��o desenvolvida por pacientes com ELT �� a esclerose mesial temporal (EMT) apresentando perda neuronal, gliose e atrofia da regi��o do hipocampo. Os ��ons c��lcio s��o fundamentais para o funcionamento de in��meras vias metab��licas em todos os n��veis fisiol��gicos e desempenham papel fundamental nas respostas de despolariza����o neuronal. Foi comprovado que a ativa����o tanto de receptores ionotr��picos quanto metabotr��picos de glutamato promove o influxo anormal de Ca2+ para o meio intracelular, potencializando o efeito de excita����o associado �� EMT. O c��lcio atua tanto como mensageiro celular secund��rio, quanto prim��rio atrav��s da intera����o com um receptor espec��fico na superf��cie celular, o Receptor Sensor de C��lcio (CASR). O CASR �� expresso em diversas regi��es do c��rebro, incluindo o hipocampo, no entanto s��o desconhecidas muitas das poss��veis fun����es desempenhadas por este receptor no c��rebro. Ele pertence �� fam��lia de receptores acoplados a prote��na-G, e exibe homologia significativa com os receptores metabotr��picos de glutamato (mGluRs). Ademais, os mGluRs regulam a express��o da fam��lia de prote��nas ligantes de c��lcio neuronal, da qual faz parte a prote��na VILIP-1, associada especificamente com o fen��meno da plasticidade sin��ptica no c��rebro. O objetivo deste projeto foi determinar a express��o das prote��nas CASR, mGluR1 e VILIP-1 em tecidos de hipocampo de pacientes com epilepsia do lobo temporal comparando com a express��o de tecidos de indiv��duos normais. Os tr��s genes encontraram-se subexpressos nos tecidos de pacientes com ELT, sendo que os tecidos dos pacientes, em grau cr��nico da doen��a, justificam tais graus de express��o. Sugere-se uma poss��vel intera����o entre CASR e mGluR1 e...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletr��nico abaixo)

Diagn��stico antropogeomorfol��gico em bacia hidrogr��fica urbana: o caso do C��rrego do Jardim S��o Jo��o, Araras (SP)

Man can transform the nature according to their needs through technique which enables agriculture, cattle raising, constructions of buildings for housing, transport routes, etc. This action has brought significant transformations to the environment, and relief is one of the most changed elements, mainly at urban areas, which concentrates most of the Brazilian population. In these areas geomorphologic systems have undergone alterations in their flow of matter and energy by the action of man. Thus, it is possible o understand the action of man as geomorphologic action, nowadays, the tecn��geno, since the human action can interfere qualitatively and quantitatively in the input and output of these systems. The anthropic geomorphology has contributed to the analyses of the effects due to the urbanization at the form and at the geomorphologic process in the urban watersheds, indicating the transformations at the shape of the relief and the alterations due to the acceleration of the flow of matter and energy. From these questions, this study had the main diagnose the anthropogenic changes of the relief at the basin of Corrego do Jardim S��o Jo��o, Araras (SP), comparing two scenes, 1997 and 2006, through geomorphological mapping evolutionary in the area. The geomorphological feature altered at the basin are directly linked to the use of soil, mainly at the urban use, which caused effects in the relief at the studied area, making possible to define periods of the urban evolution and impacts caused by the urbanization. Among the changes it was found the decrease of the topographic breaks and at the riverbed channels, as the increase of the accumulation of the plain and riverbed terrace. The elaboration of a letter of the legal restrictions of the basin make possible to evaluate some of the environmental urban problems that occur, which are due to the occupation of the relief in the areas of permanent preservation that brings significant impacts to...

Etiologia e perfil de sensibilidade aos antimicrobianos de pacientes ambulatoriais de Botucatu e regi��o

As infec����es do trato urin��rio (ITU) s��o definidas como a invas��o e posterior multiplica����o de microorganismos nos tecidos das vias urin��rias, sendo a bact��ria gram-negativa E.coli o principal uropat��geno envolvido nessa infec����o. A avalia����o para a presen��a de ITU �� feita atrav��s do quadro cl��nico caracter��stico desse tipo de paciente e o exame de cultura de urina. As amostras positivas para as culturas s��o avaliadas quanto ao perfil de sensibilidade aos antimicrobianos dos agentes etiol��gicos encontrados. Descrever a porcentagem de ocorr��ncia dos agentes etiol��gicos e o perfil de sensibilidade aos antimicrobianos das Infec����es do Trato Urin��rio em pacientes ambulatoriais de Botucatu e regi��o. Foram inclu��das neste estudo culturas de urinas de pacientes atendidos em UBS de Botucatu e regi��o P��lo Cuesta, no per��odo de Janeiro de 2008 a Maio de 2010. As culturas positivas foram avaliadas quanto a porcentagem de ocorr��ncia dos uropat��genos segundo sexo, faixa et��ria e origem. Foi utilizado o teste do qui-quadrado para verificar associa����o entre cada antimicrobiano e as porcentagens de sensibilidade e resist��ncia encontradas. Foram avaliadas 11.768 culturas de urina provenientes de 11 munic��pios da regi��o, sendo consideradas as culturas positivas (28%). Quanto �� ocorr��ncia dos agentes etiol��gicos verificou-se que a E.coli �� respons��vel 58,76% dos casos. A distribui����o dos uropat��genos segundo sexo revelou maior ocorr��ncia de E.coli nos dois sexos. O segundo agente etiol��gico de maior ocorr��ncia foi, nos homens o Proteus mirabilis e nas mulheres, o S. saprophyticus. Dentre as faixas et��rias, a E.coli foi o pat��geno de maior ocorr��ncia. O perfil de sensibilidade aos antimicrobianos revelou que a E.coli �� mais sens��vel a Ertapenem, Imipenem, Meropenem, Fosfomicina, Amicacina, Ceftriaxona, Nitrofuranto��na e Norfloxacina; e mais resistente... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletr��nico abaixo)

Comunica����o p��blica e acesso �� cultura: um estudo de caso da Oficina Cultural Glauco Pinto de Moraes sob a ��tica das Rela����es P��blicas

This study examined how public relations can work through the implementation of tools for public communication, to seek to ensure a citizen of their rights: access to culture. We chose as case study Oficina Cultural Glauco Pintio de Moraes, located in Bauru (SP), an instrument of policy implementation for the Sao Paulo area, to discuss how the actions are carried out to the community as a whole. We analyzed data pertaining to the activities offered by the workshop and suggested actions for communication and relationship with its public workshop to happen more efficiently

Avalia����o de gastrocitoprote����o, mecanismo de a����o e compara����o do efeito da vitamina E (��-Tocoferol) nas formas natural e sint��tica

The aim of this study was to verify if ��-tocopherol, the main substance of Vitamin E and also the one with the major antioxidant propriety, could offer citoprotection to a stomach damaged by alcohol. There are many forms of ��-tocopherol, two forms of them were evaluated; d-l-��-tocopherol, the synthetic form and d-��-tocopherol, the natural form of ��-tocopherol. Three experiments were made, all of them having absolute ethanol as the lesion agent, but the period and the doses changed in each of them. In the first two experiments, each group of animals received a different form of ��-tocopherol and in the third experiment, they���ve received ��-tocopherol p.o. for the period of seven days before the lesion agent was administrated. Moreover, immunohistochemistry assays were made from the stomachs samples of the third experiment to verify possible mechanisms involving nitric oxide and 2-cyclooxygenase. Satisfactory results of citoprotection have been obtained when the two forms were administered in the period of one week at doses of 100 mg/kg for synthetic form and 150 mg/kg for natural type. Nevertheless, the two forms didn���t differ statistically in their effectiveness against ethanol. The immunohistochemistry assays showed an increase of the levels of NO and COX2 in relation with the negative control, although there was no correlation between this increase and the gastroprotective effect. In conclusion, ��-tocopherol has gastroprotection effect in some doses, but apparently there is no such a thing like the better the dose, the better the effect; that citoprotection don���t have a relationship with NO neither with COX2; the natural and the synthetic form don���t differ in their gastroprotection effect. More studies must be done looking forward an effective dose and also to understand the mechanisms underlay the citoprotection of ��-tocopherol in the stomach

Metodologia para determina����o de volume de deten����o em pequenas bacias urbanas: o caso do c��rrego Wenzel, Rio Claro/SP

With the accelerated urbanization process of Brazil from the 50s, there was a disorderly occupation of spaces and consequent soil sealing. Unlike this growth, the support capacity of urban environments has not evolved in the same way, generating negative environmental impacts to the citizens. Among these impacts are the effects of flooding. In order to minimize the negative effects of extreme precipitation over cities, the government invests in corrective measures, like compensatory techniques on urban drainage, which have as a basic principle the retention and infiltration of the rainfall, dampening the peak flow and runoff. An example of applying these techniques in urban areas are the detention basins, commonly called large pools. The hydraulic design of these structures is dependent of complex data and variables, and projects involving small areas generally use simplified methods for defining the reservoirs volume of the storage (Tassi, 2005). One of these methods is presented in this study, which relates to the percentage of soil sealing to the specific storage volume (m��/ha) in combination by applying the hydrological model of the Rational Method and analyzing regional rainfall and soil occupation over the basin. Within this context, the basin of the Wenzel stream, which is located amidst the urban area of Rio Claro/SP, also presents the problems related to human occupation in its valley. Thus, by the method presented has been adjusted a curve correlating the percentage of impermeable area and the specific volume of a detention basin. For the current situation of Wenzel Basin with 82% of impermeable area, and return period of 10 years, the specific volume is 262.1 m��/ha. The presented method is consistent with the results of other studies in the area, and the expression obtained allows estimating the volume of storage required to match hydrograph pre and post-occupancy. It presents itself as a useful tool in the planning stage of...

Estudo da tecnologia de acesso Wi-Fie suas aplica����es em ambientes indoor e outdoor

Wireless communications is a feature that has become indispensable for many people in the whole world. Through this feature, communication process can become much more efficient, allowing people to access information much more quickly wherever they are. The constant evolution of communication technologies allows the development of new unthinkable applications and services. This new range of possibilities brings greater mobility and efficiency for final users and also helps service providers and carriers to improve the quality of services offered by them. This study presents the principles of wireless communication and the Wi-Fi technology as well as its most modern applications, covering from the basics of computer networks to the procedures of planning a wireless network, concepts of radio frequency, antennas, patterns, regulatory agencies, network equipment, protocols and network monitoring

Identifica����o de ��reas potenciais para implanta����o de aterro sanit��rio no distrito de floresta do sul em Presidente Prudente/SP

O crescimento das sociedades urbanas tem gerado um aumento significativo na produ����o dos res��duos s��lidos urbanos, tornando o tema de disposi����o final amplamente discutido nas gest��es p��blicas. Recentemente, a partir da cria����o da Lei Federal n�� 12.305/2010, que institui a Pol��tica Nacional dos Res��duos S��lidos, foi estabelecido que a disposi����o final ambientalmente adequada dos rejeitos deve ser feita exclusivamente em aterros. O presente trabalho teve ent��o como objetivo a avalia����o de ��reas potenciais para instala����o de aterro sanit��rio no Distrito de Floresta do Sul no munic��pio de Presidente Prudente/SP. Para tanto, utilizou-se o SIG, como ferramenta do geoprocessamento, para an��lise espacial. Inicialmente, construiu-se um banco de dados geogr��ficos da regi��o de estudo com os dados de geomorfologia, hidrologia, declividade, malha urbana e rede vi��ria. Em seguida, foram geradas representa����es na categoria MNT, onde os valores foram normalizados em intervalos [0,1] atrav��s da l��gica booleana e fuzzy... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletr��nico abaixo)

Ara��atuba: da retirada dos trilhos ��s novas trilhas urbanas

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