Reestruturação e centralidade em cidades médias. Considerações a partir de Londrina, Marília, Mossoró e São José do Rio Preto

Este trabalho trata das cidades médias, em particular das cidades de Marília, São José do Rio Preto, Londrina e Mossoró. Dentro desse estudo, o enfoque se dá para a compreensão e análise sobre o modo como estão combinados os espaços não edificados e os vazios urbanos, os espaços construídos e as vias de circulação e suas transformações ao longo do tempo. A proposta é analisar o processo de expansão do tecido urbano dessas cidades para compreender sua morfologia, bem como procurar fazer uma reconstituição, tomandose a dimensão espacial e temporal, com o intuito de que esta contribua na conferência das identidades próprias de cada cidade, viabilizando a identificação das semelhanças entre elas, como também de suas especificidades. Durante o desenvolvimento do trabalho procuramos identificar elementos promotores da reestruturação urbana pela qual as cidades têm passado nas ultimas décadas, tentando relaciona-los com as novas formas de produção e organização espaciais... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)

Centralidade de Presidente Prudente - SP: Uma análise de movimentos pendulares e sua contribuição para estudos sobre cidades médias

The paper presented is aimed at analyzing the core functions of Presidente Prudente by demand and scope determined by the supply and distribution of goods and services (jobs and educational institutions). For this purpose, we tried to explore the daily flows of people from cities in agglomeration process with Presidente Prudente, as well as other more distant locations, forming what is recognized as Commuting movements. The core functions of medium-sized cities have increased significantly in the Brazilian urban network, spatial interactions occurring in these spaces with more intensity in metropolises. At the core of this research was undertaken literature review on the subject and preliminary surveys data, especially the data in the study called Region of Influence of Cities - Regic-IBGE, revealing joints between the various urban spaces analyzed. This research is developed in level undergraduates and was funded by CNPq and currently FAPESP

Os ventos e seus impactos na área urbana de Rio Claro (SP) entre 2005 e 2010: um análise através dos jornais e dos boletins de ocorrência

The intensive development in the urbanization process implied a series of economic, social, and gradually, environmental transformations, essentially, since its intensification, which took place from the Industrial Revolution in Europe and North America. In Latin American countries, including Brazil, there was such acceleration in urban sprawl, only in the middle of the twentieth century, fomented by a peculiar industrialization, coming from the scientific-technical revolution, which occurred in developing countries. In this context, and with a lack of planning and an effective organization, cities of the dependent countries face an inordinate population growth and an unprecedented industrial swelling. Brazil, following this trend, presents several issues regarding the gaps in the provision of necessary infrastructure to meet the most basic needs of its population and the intense activity and anthropogenic effects on the environment. In this sense, environmental problems, related to air and water pollution, degradation and contamination of soil, paving roads, reduction of green areas, urban heat island, among others, reaching ever deeper into the Brazilian urban areas. It is important the analysis in this final project, the weather events related to episodes of strong winds and the events and the impacts to the population of Rio Claro (SP) in the period 2005 to 2010, basing themselves in Geographical Climatology and Urban climate studies. In this scenario, we found the prevalence of occurrences linked to falling trees in the study area, connected, at the same time, to the occurrence and to the absence of episodes of extreme events, with measurements of strong winds, showing a connection between the events and external facts to episodes of winds

Parque das macadâmias: espaço público para a cidade de Dois Córregos

A partir do desenvolvimento dos espaços públicos de acordo com sua época e respectivas sociedades, estuda-se a proposta de transformar um espaço urbano em lugar na cidade de Dois Córregos. A sociedade atual busca lugares públicos com qualidade, lugares esses que, hoje, precisam oferecer oportunidades de diversas ações e, assim, também possibilitar a mistura de pessoas, ou seja, um lugar de pluralidade. Devido a essa exigência da sociedade do terceiro milênio, tem-se como objetivo projetar conscientemente a fim de explorar a percepção humana na área escolhida pelo presente trabalho, e por fim, requalificar esse espaço urbano em questão

Diagnóstico antropogeomorfológico em bacia hidrográfica urbana: o caso do Córrego do Jardim São João, Araras (SP)

Man can transform the nature according to their needs through technique which enables agriculture, cattle raising, constructions of buildings for housing, transport routes, etc. This action has brought significant transformations to the environment, and relief is one of the most changed elements, mainly at urban areas, which concentrates most of the Brazilian population. In these areas geomorphologic systems have undergone alterations in their flow of matter and energy by the action of man. Thus, it is possible o understand the action of man as geomorphologic action, nowadays, the tecnógeno, since the human action can interfere qualitatively and quantitatively in the input and output of these systems. The anthropic geomorphology has contributed to the analyses of the effects due to the urbanization at the form and at the geomorphologic process in the urban watersheds, indicating the transformations at the shape of the relief and the alterations due to the acceleration of the flow of matter and energy. From these questions, this study had the main diagnose the anthropogenic changes of the relief at the basin of Corrego do Jardim São João, Araras (SP), comparing two scenes, 1997 and 2006, through geomorphological mapping evolutionary in the area. The geomorphological feature altered at the basin are directly linked to the use of soil, mainly at the urban use, which caused effects in the relief at the studied area, making possible to define periods of the urban evolution and impacts caused by the urbanization. Among the changes it was found the decrease of the topographic breaks and at the riverbed channels, as the increase of the accumulation of the plain and riverbed terrace. The elaboration of a letter of the legal restrictions of the basin make possible to evaluate some of the environmental urban problems that occur, which are due to the occupation of the relief in the areas of permanent preservation that brings significant impacts to...

Desenvolvimento da malha urbana de Guaratinguetá e propostas de intervenção

The work consists of the historical city of Guaratinguetá, as well as data on their quality of life, economic development and population, transportation in Brazil and the transportation system of the city serving as a basis to support the development of the urban network. The urban fabric of the city was raised with plants of the city in different years, documents obtained by the Museum and Hall of Frei Galvão Guaratinguetá well to check the form of land use and growth drivers of the city over time. We studied also the main access roads to the city by focusing on an approach that has been the subject of a proposed urban intervention. A direct interview was performed and recorded with one of those responsible for planning the urban fabric of the city in order to gather information on the historical development, the future possibilities of interventions in the urban as well as problems encountered and other curiosities. Through the study it was observed that the urban grid Guaratinguetá developing a planned since 1970 and that the highlights of most cities in the Paraíba Valley. The work is grounded in concepts of sustainable city and also in quantitative and qualitative data from sectors responsible

O Programa Minha Casa Minha Vida, o mercado imobiliário e o direito à cidade: análise dos impactos do programa na cidade de São Carlos - SP

This article discusses, in general matters, the economic and social motivations, the organization and development of the program Minha Casa Minha Vida, made in 2009, by Federal Government of Brazil. The objective of this work was to analyse the Brazilian economic and housing context, and the program relation with the Subprime international crisis, which has been started at United States in 2008, as well as analysing and discussing the logistics and the program accessibility. The MCMV program, part of the PAC – Programa de Aceleração do Crescimento – has the intention to combat the economic crisis that had been installed and also minimize the deficit housing of the country. From PAC's initial estimate, US$250 Bi, it has been spent US$129 Bi and it has already been approved more than US$125 Bi designated for the second stage of the program, whose the estimate of PAC2 is about one trillion and a half of brazilian reais. One million homes were built between 2009 and 2012, and the goal for 2014 is two million and a half of new residences. If comparing the current program with the oldest programs, progress were observed ,however, problems and inconsistences are clearly seen: in the real concernment, the truly beneficiary, and contradiction between a social and economic program to urban demands, among other situational factors. It’s also evident, the incentivation for a new residential and closed neighbourhoods, thereby adding to the fragmentation of the urban space, beyond of the exclusion socioespacial caused financing of residences in farest allotments. The capitalist production of the space it’s clearly thriving in analysis of thisfinancing package of the urban habitation, where the biggest glebas rise between central neighbourhood and the newest generated suburb, they evidence the negligence of the authorities in well managing the space, not executing the application of urban instruments of planning the social function, and...

Metodologia para determinação de volume de detenção em pequenas bacias urbanas: o caso do córrego Wenzel, Rio Claro/SP

With the accelerated urbanization process of Brazil from the 50s, there was a disorderly occupation of spaces and consequent soil sealing. Unlike this growth, the support capacity of urban environments has not evolved in the same way, generating negative environmental impacts to the citizens. Among these impacts are the effects of flooding. In order to minimize the negative effects of extreme precipitation over cities, the government invests in corrective measures, like compensatory techniques on urban drainage, which have as a basic principle the retention and infiltration of the rainfall, dampening the peak flow and runoff. An example of applying these techniques in urban areas are the detention basins, commonly called large pools. The hydraulic design of these structures is dependent of complex data and variables, and projects involving small areas generally use simplified methods for defining the reservoirs volume of the storage (Tassi, 2005). One of these methods is presented in this study, which relates to the percentage of soil sealing to the specific storage volume (m³/ha) in combination by applying the hydrological model of the Rational Method and analyzing regional rainfall and soil occupation over the basin. Within this context, the basin of the Wenzel stream, which is located amidst the urban area of Rio Claro/SP, also presents the problems related to human occupation in its valley. Thus, by the method presented has been adjusted a curve correlating the percentage of impermeable area and the specific volume of a detention basin. For the current situation of Wenzel Basin with 82% of impermeable area, and return period of 10 years, the specific volume is 262.1 m³/ha. The presented method is consistent with the results of other studies in the area, and the expression obtained allows estimating the volume of storage required to match hydrograph pre and post-occupancy. It presents itself as a useful tool in the planning stage of...

Análise de ocorrências dos impactos pluviais na área urbana de Rio Claro (SP)

The Urbanization is a notable process in our society, being part of it since around 3500 BC in Mesopotamia, currently Iraq area. Since the Industrial Revolution, cities had a significant increase in their growth and began to concentrate increasingly labor and capital. Brazil, despite having had a late industrialization, also had a high population growth in cities, especially in the XVIII century, which were not provided with any kind of planning that targets the ordering and implementation of the urban essential apparatus. Therefore, Brazilian cities started to exhibit countless structural and environmental problems. Associated with inadequate infrastructure, the modifications in the urban atmosphere, like increased heat, air pollution and increased rainfall and storm frequency, cause different types of impacts in cities. Among the most worrisome are those from the intense rain, which cause human and material damage. The city of Rio Claro (SP) can be considered an example of this reality. Thereby, the objective of this study was to analyze the impacts on the population originated from rainfall in the urban area during the period 2005-2010, by the mapping of events and analysis of the active atmospheric systems. The information of the events were collected in the Fire Department and the Press and the synoptic maps were obtained in the library of INPE, in Cachoeira Paulista (SP) and in the site of the Navy of Brazil. The data showed that among 247 occurrences, during the six years, 233 occurred in the spring-summer period. Moreover, after finalizing the maps, it was found the locations considered critical regarding the frequency of occurrences, as: Visconde do Rio Claro Avenue and central area of the city, both with a total of 23 occurrences; Jardim Inocoop, with 20; Tancredo Neves Avenue, with 12 and Vila Paulista, with 10 occurrences. Through the graphs, it was found that the most recurrent atmospheric system, during the studied period, is...

Alternativas de subsistência da comunidade Caiçara/Quilombola do sertão da fazenda, no núcleo Picinguaba do Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar, Ubatuba-SP

As populações tradicionais têm sido valorizadas devido à importância do conhecimento popular associado à biodiversidade local e como forma de valorização do patrimônio cultural nacional. Nos últimos anos, as comunidades do litoral norte do Estado de São Paulo sofreram profundas mudanças na sua estrutura social e econômica, provocadas pela especulação imobiliária, modernização e expansão urbana, sobreposição de território com Unidade de Conservação (UC) e pelo turismo crescente. O objetivo desse estudo foi analisar as alternativas de subsistência da Comunidade Remanescente de Quilombo da Fazenda, localizada no interior do Núcleo Picinguaba do Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar, em Ubatuba-SP, e sua inter-relação com a UC, o turismo e a urbanização da região, principalmente no tocante à agricultura e à produção de farinha de mandioca. Para isso, durante o período de maio de 2008 a junho de 2009 foram realizadas entrevistas semi estruturadas com os chefes dos 35 domicílios habitados da comunidade, além de observação participante, pesquisa documentária e análises etnobotânicas. Foram inventariadas e categorizadas as plantas úteis cultivadas ou espontâneas nos quintais e roças. Os resultados indicam que a população mais jovem tem se fixado na comunidade e constituído novas famílias. Entre os eventos que possibilitam essa permanência estão a instalação de infraestrutura, como estradas de acesso e luz elétrica, que facilitou o acesso aos bens e serviços externos à comunidade; a política de compatibilidade entre UC e população tradicional e o sentimento de pertencimento ao território tradicional. A agricultura de subsistência é a principal atividade desenvolvida na comunidade, seguida pelos serviços turísticos de alta temporada e pelos serviços gerais. Devido às políticas de conservação instituídas pela UC, ...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)

Geotecnologias para a análise da bacia hidrográfica do Córrego Wenzel - Rio Claro/SP: proposta de gestão de recursos hídricos

The expansion of urban in medium-sized citie, increase the importance of action planning and management of natural resources, among which water is the most important. Such action should include the integration of physical and man-made elements involved. In this context, it becomesimportant for watershed analysis and the use of geotecnologies. Thus, the objective was to demonstrate the contribution of the geo, as a tool for managing a river basin, allowing the integration of physical data and the analysis of anthropogenic environmental scenarios in urban areas. The area chosen, the basin of the Wenzel, is located in Rio Claro / SP, a city whose urbanization process has been intense and continuous. Thematic maps were generated from the physical environment: soil, slope and geological, as well as maps of land use. With regard to land use maps, these were drawn from the visual interpretation of material aerophotogrammetric, considering the years 1995 and 2010, performing an evolutionary analysis. It was observed that the area presents small variation in the physical and structural aspects, with lithological and geomorphological formation favoring the occurrence of floods, erosion and siltation. These processes are accelerated by the forms of land use, with intense urbanization during the period between 1995 and 2010, and poor preservation of permanent preservation areasand. In the floodplain areas there is a high waste disposal is the most notable environmental problem

HABITAT do urbanismo à arquitetura comunitária

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Análise das enchentes no estado de São Paulo durante a operação verão de 2000 a 2007

With increasing frequency and intensity of climate disasters in Brazil, it is necessary studies on mitigation measures. From this spatialization of areas considered risk becomes essential to assist the public in preventive plans. Floods and flooding are the main types of climatic disasters that hit our country, especially the state of Sao Paulo, mainly by self degree of urbanization. From the data provided by the State Civil Defense was possible to create a database with the localities georelacional occurrences of flooding in the state in which through techniques of GIS (Geographic Information System) enabled the interrelationship and spatialization occurrence of areas affected This will help to determine potential areas of risk and different ways to prevent these disasters

Periferia oculta: do espaço ao social

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