215 resultados para Sistemas de tempo contínuo


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Pós-graduação em Engenharia Elétrica - FEIS

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Pós-graduação em Engenharia Elétrica - FEIS

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Pós-graduação em Engenharia Elétrica - FEIS

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In an ever more competitive environment, power distribution companies must satisfy two conflicting objectives: minimizing investment costs and the satisfaction of reliability targets. The network reconfiguration of a distribution system is a technique that well adapts to this new deregulated environment for it allows improvement of reliability indices only opening and closing switches, without the onus involved in acquiring new equipment. Due to combinatorial explosion problem characteristic, in the solution are employed metaheuristics methods, which converge to optimal or quasi-optimal solutions, but with a high computational effort. As the main objective of this work is to find the best configuration(s) of the distribution system with the best levels of reliability, the objective function used in the metaheuristics is to minimize the LOLC - Loss Of Load Cost, which is associated with both, number and duration of electric power interruptions. Several metaheuristics techniques are tested, and the tabu search has proven to be most appropriate to solve the proposed problem. To characterize computationally the problem of the switches reconfiguring was developed a vector model (with integers) of the representation of the switches, where each normally open switch is associated with a group of normally closed switches. In this model simplifications have been introduced to reduce computational time and restrictions were made to exclude solutions that do not supply energy to any load point of the system. To check violation of the voltage and loading criteria a study of power flow for the ten best solutions is performed. Also for the ten best solutions a reliability evaluation using Monte Carlo sequential simulation is performed, where it is possible to obtain the probability distributions of the indices and thus calculate the risk of paying penalty due to not meeting the goals. Finally, the methodology is applied in a real Brazilian distribution network, and the results are discussed.

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Pós-graduação em Matematica Aplicada e Computacional - FCT

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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O objetivo deste estudo in vitro foi comparar os efeitos da fotoativação pelos sistemas luz halógena e LED na adesão de braquetes ortodônticos em diferentes tempos pós-colagem (imediato, 24h e 7d). Braquetes com adesivo pré-aplicado (Gemini series; APC adhesive precoated brackets; 3M Unitek, USA) foram colados na superfície vestibular de dentes bovinos. O esmalte dos dentes foi condicionado utilizando-se o primer auto-condicionante (Transbond SEP, 3M Unitek, USA) em todos os espécimes, conforme recomendações do fabricante. Setenta e dois dentes foram divididos em 2 grupos (n=36), conforme o sistema de fotoativação (luz halógena ou LED) e sub-divididos (n=12) de acordo com o tempo pós-colagem. Para os grupos luz halógena, o tempo de fotoativação foi de 20s e para os grupos LED foi de 10s. O teste de resistência ao cisalhamento foi realizado com auxílio de uma máquina de ensaios universal nos diferentes tempos pós-colagem: imediato, 24h e 7d. O valor médio de adesão para os grupos luz halógena foi de 20,01±5,24MPa e, para os grupos fotoativados pelo sistema LED 17,35±5,07MPa, sendo estes resultados estatisticamente diferentes. Quando comparado o efeito do tempo pós-colagem, os resultados revelaram que os valores de adesão foram significantemente maiores para o tempo de 7d. O resultado do teste ANOVA 2 – fatores revelou não existir diferença estatística entre a interação sistema de fotoativação e tempos pós-colagem. O teste de Tukey mostrou que para as 4 condições experimentais nos tempos imediato e 24h, os resultados não diferiram estatisticamente, independentemente do sistema de fotoativação. Somente com relação ao grupo luz halógena-7d, os resultados mostraram diferenças estatisticamente significantes. O grupo LED-7d desempenhou comportamento intermediário entre os grupos. O índice de adesivo remanescente não revelou diferenças... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)

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The objective of this research was to describe the use of an augmentative and alternative system for a student with cerebral palsy during intervention. A 10-year-old male student with cerebral palsy participated in this investigation. He attended special classes for people with disability in a public school in a city of the interior of Sao Paulo. The scheduled activities were carried out twice a week for two years at the Laboratory of Special Education of a public University of São Paulo. All of the tapes describing the activities that were filmed during the assessment and implementation of augmentative and alternative communication resource were watched and described using a specific protocol. Based on the information from the protocols, the sessions with intervals greater than 20 days and the ones with activities involving the communication board with the time equal or greater than 20 minutes during the first year of intervention were selected. The chosen sessions were transcribed in full and, after analyzing the text, the following categories were established, according to the stated goal: the graphic system helped the student with utterances of vertical structure (56%) associated with the oral (14%) and non-oral and non-verbal form (30%), while the use of the graphic system along with other forms collaborated to enhance statements, enabling better understanding of the child s intention. The use of augmentative and alternative communication systems provided the expansion of effective dialogical situations for the student during the activities carried out in speech therapy.

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This work has the purpose of demonstrating how to build a Disaster Recovery Plan. In order to achieve such objective, an adaptation of the PDCA method was applied. This plan aims resuming the IT operations as fast as possible after some kind of incident which result the stop of the services or activities. Besides serving as insurance for the continued functioning of the company’s activities, indeed your non-existence brings up risks of financial loss and threatens the company’s image. As to illustrate the functionality and validity, the method was applied in an IT department of an energy company. It was concluded that the plan was well elaborated living up to the purposes described in the objective section of this work and validating the project developed so far, having a percentage of 85% of the overall success of the systems tested

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Human development and population growth during the twentieth century increased the water demand, tripling its consumption between 1950 and 1990. As the water streams were polluted; and as water is the source of minerals and also regulates vital functions, it becomes the vehicle of transmission and consequently spreads many diseases. Probably, the industries are the major responsible for this pollution when they dump untreated effluents to water streams, saturating the already insufficient net of sanitation facilities polluting water and soil. An effective treatment has been established with low cost in Europe and the United States, through constructed systems on wetlands Constructed Wetland Systems - CWSs, gradually used in other countries in the last three decades. Lately, we observe a continuous growth in Brazilian poultry business, and poultry industry showed greatest dynamism in the country, following the global market. Pondering this information and the efficiency of such treatment, this work aimed to study prototypes, in a laboratory scale, simulating ascending and descending types of CWSs, vegetated with aquatic macrophytes Eichhornia crassipes and the uses of aggregates and soil, to treat industrial wastewater from slaughterhouses and aviary. We conducted the initial characterization of the effluent to have an idea of its constituents and to scale the system and the continuous flow. Furthermore, we characterized the soil to be used in this system. The collects are periodically made in the refrigeration industry FRICOCK FRIGORIFICAÇÃO AVICULTURA INDÚSTRIA E COMÉRCIO LTDA. for local treatment simulation. The effluent that was treated with 12 prototypes of CWSs are analyzed with some frequency. The results of these reviews were compared to the effluent coming from the industry... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

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A cárie dental é uma das doenças crônico-infecciosas mais comuns no mundo e é potencializada por fatores que favorecem a colonização da bactéria Streptococcus mutans na cavidade oral. O presente trabalho visa avaliar o potencial de sistemas nanoestruturados mucoadesivos para administração bucal do peptídeo sintético p1025, potencialmente ativo contra cárie dental. Este peptídeo, análogo aos fragmentos 1025-1044 da adesina celular de S. mutans mostrou-se, em estudos recentes, eficaz contra a adesão do patógeno na superfície do biofilme bacteriano. Acredita-se que, se incorporado em sistemas nanoestruturados mucoadesivos, sobretudo os sistemas líquido-cristalinos, sua ação possa ser modulada, pelo fato de que estes sistemas podem se aderir na mucosa bucal, de modo a proteger o peptídeo da degradação enzimática, além de prolongar o tempo de contato com a mucosa, diminuindo assim a frequência de administração. Os sistemas nanoestruturados de liberação controlada foram analisados estruturalmente através de microscopia de luz polarizada, determinação do comportamento reológico, TPA e bioadesão. Os resultados evidenciaram, através das análises de microscopia de luz polarizada, a presença de sistemas líquido-cristalinos de fase hexagonal e lamelar, além de domínios de microemulsões. As análises reológicas mostraram que ao adicionar dispersões poliméricas na fase aquosa do sistema, características como pseudoplasticidade e tixotropia são favorecidas, o que pode facilitar a aplicação do produto na mucosa bucal. O teste de biodesão mostrou que o emprego de dispersões poliméricas contribuiu para a adesão na mucosa bucal, sendo os melhores resultados obtidos com dispersão de Policarbofil® a 0,5 %.O teste microbiológico demonstrou a potencialização do efeito inibidor/redutor da carga microbiana com a utilização de óleo de melaleuca na fase oleosa do sistema. Os resultados obtidos sugerem que o ...