Respiratory training as strategy to prevent cognitive decline in aging: a randomized controlled trial

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Sequential healing of the elevated sinus floor after applying autologous bone grafting: an experimental study in minipigs

AimTo describe the sequential healing after elevation of the maxillary sinus mucosa applying the lateral access technique with the use of autogenous bone grafting without membrane to occlude the osteotomy access.Material and methodsImmediately after the elevation of the maxillary sinus Schneiderian membrane, applying the lateral access technique in 10 minipigs, autologous bone was harvested from the lateral aspect of the mandibular molar region and ground into particles with a bone mill. The space under the Schneiderian membrane was filled with this graft. No membranes were placed onto the access osteotomy. The healing was evaluated after 15, 30, 90 and 180days. Paraffin sections were prepared and analyzed histologically.ResultsAfter 15days of healing, the elevated area was mainly filled with provisional matrix, newly formed bone and some remnants of bone chips, and appeared reduced in volume compared with that at the time of surgery. After 30days of healing, further shrinkage of the height of the elevated space was found, with similar percentages of the different tissue components. After 90 and 180days, the area underneath the Schneiderian membrane appeared reduced in volume and condensed toward the base of the sinus. The bone tissues appeared to be more mature, both for the mineralized and the non-mineralized portions, while connective tissue occupied 20% of the space, most likely related to the lack of the use of a membrane occluding the access at the time of surgery.ConclusionsSuboptimal healing outcomes with respect to augmentation of the space under the sinus floor membrane were documented when autologous bone chips were used as a filler and no membrane was applied to cover the access.

Physiological and pathophysiological interactions between the respiratory central pattern generator and the sympathetic nervous system

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Coupling of respiratory and sympathetic activities in rats submitted to chronic intermittent hypoxia

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Detection of an untyped strain of bovine respiratory syncytial virus in a dairy herd

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

The respiratory metabolism of the castes of two leaf cutting ants, Atta laevigata (F. Smith, 1858) and Atta sexdens rubropilosa forel, 1908

1. 1. The respiration of the different castes of two species of leaf-cutting ants, Atta laevigata and Atta sexdens rubropilosa was measured in both workers and sexed forms. 2. 2. The respiratory rates (μl O2/mg(live)/hr) were, in A. laevigata, 0.644 (gardeners), 0.594 (cutters), 0.354 (soldiers), 0.233 (males) and 0.085 (females); in A. s. rubropilosa, 0.803 (gardeners), 0.748 (cutters), 0.510 (soldiers), 0.375 (males) and 0.274 (females), significantly higher than A. laevigata. 3. 3. All castes considered, the b-values of the equation relating oxygen consumption and weight in A. laevigata (0.53) were significantly different from that in A. s. rubropilosa (0.73). © 1981.

Longer immediate recovery time after anesthesia increases risk of respiratory complications after laparotomy for bariatric surgery: a randomized clinical trial and a cohort study

We compared the effects of two anesthesia protocols in both immediate recovery time (IRT) and postoperative respiratory complications (PRCs) after laparotomy for bariatric surgery, and we determined the association between the longer IRT and the increase of PRC incidence. We conducted the study in two stages: (i) in a randomized controlled trial (RCT), patients received either intervention (sevoflurane-remifentanil-rocuronium-ropivacaine) or control protocol (isoflurane-sufentanil-atracurium-levobupivacaine). All patients received general anesthesia plus continuous epidural anesthesia and analgesia. Treatment was masked for all, except the provider anesthesiologist. We defined IRT as time since anesthetics discontinuation until tracheal extubation. Primary outcomes were IRT and PRCs incidence within 15 days after surgery. We also analyzed post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) and hospital length of stays; (ii) after the end of the RCT, we used the available data in an extension cohort study to investigate IRT > 20 min as exposure factor for PRCs. Control protocol (n = 152) resulted in longer IRT (30.4 ± 7.9 vs 18.2 ± 9.6 min; p < 0.0001), higher incidence of PRCs (6.58 vs 2.5 %; p = 0.048), and longer PACU and hospital stays than intervention protocol (n = 200); PRC relative risk (RR) = 2.6. Patients with IRT > 20 min (n = 190) presented higher incidence of PRCs (7.37 vs 0.62 %; p < 0.0001); RR = 12.06. Intervention protocol, with short-acting anesthetics, was more beneficial and safe compared to control protocol, with long-acting drugs, regarding the reduction of IRT, PRCs, and PACU and hospital stays for laparotomy in bariatric patients. We identified a 4.5-fold increase in the relative risk of PRCs when morbid obese patients are exposed to an IRT > 20 min.

Use of autogenous bone and beta-tricalcium phosphate in maxillary sinus lifting: a prospective, randomized, volumetric computed tomography study

The correction of bone defects can be performed using autogenous or alloplastic materials, such as beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP). This study compared the changes in bone volume (CBV) after maxillary sinus lifting using autogenous bone (n=12), autogenous bone associated with β-TCP 1:1 (ChronOS; DePuy Synthes, Paoli, CA, USA) (n=9), and β-TCP alone (n=11) as grafting material, by means of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). CBV was evaluated by comparing CBCT scans obtained in the immediate postoperative period (5-7 days) and at 6 months postoperative in each group using OsiriX software (OsiriX Foundation, Geneva, Switzerland). The results showed an average resorption of 45.7±18.6% for the autogenous bone group, 43.8±18.4% for the autogenous bone+β-TCP group, and 38.3±16.6% for the β-TCP group. All bone substitute materials tested in this study presented satisfactory results for maxillary sinus lifting procedures regarding the maintenance of graft volume during the healing phase before the insertion of implants, as assessed by means of CBCT.

Neuroglia and their roles in central respiratory control; an overview

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Differences in transcriptional activity of human papillomavirus type 6 molecular variants in recurrent respiratory papillomatosis

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Respiratory regulation in workers of the leaf cutting ant Atta sexdens rubropilosa Forel, 1908

1. Respiratory rates of workers of the leaf cutting ant Atta sexdens rubropilosa were measured at different oxygen pressures, at 25°C. 2. In experiments where different ants were used at each of the oxygen pressures, respiration was regulated down to 70.8 mmHg. 3. When the same ants were submitted in sequence to declining pO2, the 'oxygen dependence indexes' (Tang P.S. (1933) Quart. Rev. Biol. 8, 260-274) also suggested a good regulatory capacity. 4. The results are discussed in terms of the variation of the partial pressures of O2 and CO2 that the ants probably encounter when wandering to and from the nest to forage, and when performing their heavy tasks (leaf transport, offspring and fungus care). 5. CO2 rise and O2 fall, from ants' respiration inside the ant hill, may act as the factors that, in a reflex way, keep the spiracles open and increase ventilation and the frequency of CO2 emission to keep the oxygen supply adequate to face the energetic demand of the routine level of activity of the workers, when passing from normoxia (air) to hypoxia (in nest galleries).

Frontal sinus recognition for human identification

Many methods based on biometrics such as fingerprint, face, iris, and retina have been proposed for person identification. However, for deceased individuals, such biometric measurements are not available. In such cases, parts of the human skeleton can be used for identification, such as dental records, thorax, vertebrae, shoulder, and frontal sinus. It has been established in prior investigations that the radiographic pattern of frontal sinus is highly variable and unique for every individual. This has stimulated the proposition of measurements of the frontal sinus pattern, obtained from x-ray films, for skeletal identification. This paper presents a frontal sinus recognition method for human identification based on Image Foresting Transform and shape context. Experimental results (ERR = 5,82%) have shown the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Respiratory responses of the tropical millipede Plusioporus setiger (Broelemann, 1902) (Spirostreptida: Spirostreptidae) to normoxic and hypoxic conditions

1. 1. Oxygen consumption and its relationship to declining oxygen tension was examined in the tropical spirotreptid millipede, Plusioporus setiger. 2. 2. At 25°C and normoxia, the allometric equations relating the weight-specific oxygen consumption rates and body weight were V ̇O2 = 2.1266 × W-53 for males, and V ̇O2 = 2.0915 × W-64 for females, but no significant difference was detected from the b-values. 3. 3. Plusioporus setiger regulated respiration down to 35.40 mmHg O2 when suddenly exposed to a lowered oxygen tension, or 17.70 mmHg O2, when examined in a stepwise declining oxygen tension. 4. 4. O2 dependence indices ( K1 K2) were relatively low, also expressing regulation, but no relation to size (weight) was recorded. 5. 5. After exposure to hypoxia, P. setiger showed a typical pattern of under repayment, on the return to normoxia. © 1987.