A vigilância punitiva: a postura dos educadores no processo de patologização e medicalização da infância

O Transtorno de Déficit de Atenção e Hiperatividade (TDAH) e a indisciplina são na atualidade assuntos que aparecem com forte incidência no cotidiano escolar. Algumas condutas apresentadas pelas crianças, neste contexto, são vistas como indicativos de tal transtorno e isso vem contribuindo para que crianças ainda muito pequenas sejam encaminhadas pelos educadores aos profissionais da saúde, por apresentarem na escola comportamentos considerados indisciplinados, agitados e impulsivos. A presente pesquisa tem como principal objetivo, discutir a relação entre indisciplina e o diagnóstico de TDAH, a partir da queixa do professor da educação infantil. Pretende ainda, analisar a postura dos educadores diante do processo de patologização no campo educacional, levando em conta a sociedade eugênica e disciplinar, que foi consolidada com o processo de higienização ocorrido no início do século XX, como também, construir uma reflexão crítica acerca das práticas sociais e educativas que ora se configuram, mediante a análise da educação contemporânea e do resgate histórico da escolarização no Brasil. A pesquisa se caracteriza como um estudo de caso qualitativo e as estratégias metodológicas empregadas para a coleta de dados incluíram a observação participante, entrevistas semiestruturadas, diário de campo e análise de documentos. Os resultados foram organizados em oito eixos temáticos e indicaram principalmente que os educadores apresentam dificuldades para estabelecer diferenças entre indisciplina e o TDAH e o que é normal e patológico, o que tem causado o aumento expressivo no número de encaminhamentos de crianças aos profissionais de saúde e a consequente patologização e medicalização da infância.

Infância, experiência e tempo

Definida pelo autor César Donizetti Pereira Leite como uma pesquisa acadêmica com formato de ensaio esta obra reúne um conjunto de textos instigantes, abertos e experimentais sobre infância e educação, mas que tem neste tema apenas o ponto de partida. A intenção do autor é, mais do que comprovar alguma tese eventualmente sugerida no título da obra, mergulhar no universo infantil e retirar dele as ricas relações cultivadas pela criança com a sua realidade, com todas as suas variáveis e nuances, incluídas suas experiências com o cinema, a literatura, a passagem do tempo, os espaços, a escola. Leite não pensou a infância como algo a ser escrito ou dito, e sim vivenciado. Saborosamente fragmentado, o livro utiliza de maneira aparentemente aleatória as mais diferentes modalidades de escritura - de pequenos ensaios críticos a insights iluminadores, de poemas e citações infantis a trechos de terceiros. E faz a infância emergir com todos os seus contornos, como se ela mesma produzisse uma forma de escrever sobre ela, fabricasse uma escritura que a contornasse. É texto, mas também metatexto, e dos mais bem-sucedidos já escritos sobre o assunto.

O currículo, a pedagogia da alternância e os saberes docentes na educação física: os desafios do processo de formação

Os autores utilizam como ponto de partida as diretrizes da formação básica do professor da Educação Física, pressupondo que essas diretrizes exigem tanto uma nova mentalidade quanto uma nova organização didático-curricular, além da revisão dos próprios referenciais na prática profissional. A partir daí, desenvolvem uma série de questionamentos, debatendo se o novo currículo de formação em Educação Física - que passou a valorizar mais a prática - consegue de fato ir além do modelo acadêmico que privilegia uma formação teórica mais sólida. Discutem ainda se uma maior valorização da prática pode caracterizar a existência de um novo modelo de formação. Dessa perspectiva, perguntam se é possível um currículo que não tenha na sua base a pedagogia da alternância, um sistema que remete à formação em dois contextos distintos e interdependentes: a formação em sala e as situações de trabalho. Também perguntam como a discussão dos saberes - conhecimentos, competências, habilidades e didática de ensino - deveria se desenrolar nessas duas esferas

Pedagogia, educação especial e educação inclusiva na UNESP: história e trajetória

This article addresses the historical constitution of Pedagogy undergraduate courses and their current proposal for teacher education and for the management of education systems. Another aspect discussed in the text is the constitution of the Pedagogy undergraduate courses at UNESP, the movement of each one, its specificities, relationship with the national trend, political aspects, and also the implications of the national guidelines for training in special education and the inclusive education approach in teacher education. Nowadays, UNESP has six Pedagogy undergraduate courses that are strongly consolidated and active in the Brazilian educational scenario in the area of teaching, research and extension education, and although UNESP has progressed towards conforming the national guidelines, each course has peculiarities in its pedagogical projects. As a result of this and of the history of the FFC in Marília, we found an organization that includes the perspective of an inclusive education.

Os cursos de Pedagogia da Universidade Estadual Paulista e a Educação Inclusiva

Inclusive education is seen as quality education that should be provided by the educational system for all children, young people and adults. In order to put such a proposal into effect, qualified personnel are needed who are equipped to face such a challenge. This paper aims to examine the curriculum matrices of Pedagogy courses of the Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP that intend to prepare future teachers to follow an inclusive perspective. To this end, the political-pedagogical projects of six Pedagogy courses, the University resolutions that regulate the courses and excerpts taken from interviews carried out with course coordinators were analyzed. In order to analyze the curriculum matrices, the required subjects were distributed on a table according to the following categories: 1) specific subjects related to inclusive education, 2) number of hours of each subject related to inclusive education, 3) specific subjects related to special education and 4) amount of time scheduled for each subject related to special education. Among the six Pedagogy courses, five had subjects that focused on issues related to inclusive education, with varying time allotments, and four had subjects focusing on specific issues related to special education.

Dispositivos institucionais filantrópicos e socioeducativos de atenção à infância na assistência social

This study investigated Social Care as an institution that creates mechanisms for the production of subjectivity in the care of children and adolescents. For this, we used some analytical coordinates, both conjectural and structural, models of care for mapping care in confrontation in the field of Social Care. It was concluded that there was two contradictory paradigms, in the dialectical sense, organizing social care, one being the philanthropic mode and the other the socioeducative mode. The first, which is hegemonic in the field, corresponds to a care entity still organized from philanthropic care and is guided by a minority age logic, articulated by a discourse of criminalizing the lower classes. It is informally based on the legal concept of irregular situations, which would develop preventive, repressive, correctional and moralizing care practices. The construction of a socioeducative mode implies socioeducative care that aims for an effective increase in the rights of children and adolescents, based on their status as subjects and citizens, through democratic, dialogic, participatory, multi-disciplinary and fundamentally emancipatory institutional practices.

Entre a expressão e a técnica: a terminologia do professor de canto - um estudo de caso em pedagogia vocal de canto erudito e popular no eixo Rio-São Paulo

Pós-graduação em Música - IA

Amoras e jabuticabas: raízes e frutos de uma Pedagogia Profunda para todos

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Fragmentos da pedagogia de Cristiane Paoli Quito: tiros de movimento-imagem

Pós-graduação em Artes - IA

Experiência, infância e cuidado de si: desafios aos atuais saberes e práticas escolares

This paper deals with the problem of experience and its possible languages between school knowledge and practices. Its objective is to find the different possibilities of thinking the experience in the educational praxis, based on the contemporary philosophical categories of event and childhood as well as on the genres of poetic language and testimony. In order to do so, it is reconstructed a genealogy of the transformation of educational praxis into pedagogical art in its relationships with childhood whether as a government goal or as a subject, revealing the domination states that constitute them and pointing out their potential of resistance to the actual one. It is also stated that this event breaks into in the aesthetic dimension of experience and concurs in order to interrupt the order of discourse, making subjects of educational praxis think about it and causing care of oneself to become an ethic attitude put together with an aesthetics of experience. Thus, this research aims at restoring the dignity of experience among school knowledge and practices.

Aquecimento e Desaquecimento Vocal em Estudantes de Pedagogia

Introduction: the voice is one of the main features of interaction between teacher and student. As teachers, future teachers are also risk population for the development of dysphonia and may be subject to protective intervention. Purpose: to evaluate the effect of a vocal warm-up and cool-down procedure at Pedagogy students. Method: A quasi-experimental study, pre-posttest without a control group, with fourteen Pedagogy students at a public university, participants of a short course. The analysis was performed by a self-assessment visual analogue scale of 10 cm, considering aspects related to the body and voice. The protocol was implemented in three steps: pre-test, post warm-up and post cool-down, and it was calculated the averages of the variables of discomfort and compared the measurements before and after performing each procedure. It was used the the Wilcoxon signed-rank statiscal test, adopting a significance level of 5%. Results: there was less discomfort with statistical significance after the vocal warm-up (p=0.002) and cool-down (p=0.001), with greater magnitude in both aspects related to voice. Conclusions: The vocal warm-up and cool-down have positive effects on the perception of students and should be taught to future teachers in order to prevent vocal disorders. The vocal cool-down, poorly researched, should not be passed over vocal health practices since its purpose showed obvious improvement in the investigated group.

A formação ética do educador: competência e juízo moral de graduandos de pedagogia

Traditionally, undergraduate education emphasizes theory and technique. The ethical education of the professional who will act in society is placed at most in a discipline related to professional´s deontology. Ethical discussions are developed in a bored way and the mission of educating students is considered fulfilled. Based on this analysis, the principal purpose of this study was to verify if the training provided by university has some influence on the development of students’ moral judgment and moral competence. The participants were 540 undergraduate students from the first and the last year of education from Pedagogy course from two universities of São Paulo state, one of them was public and the other private. The instruments were Defining Issues Test (DIT-2) and Moral Judgment Test (MJT-xt). The results indicated that the training received did not lead to significant improvement of their capacity to reflect about moral issues.

Atitudes sociais em relação à inclusão: o curso de Pedagogia da Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da UNESP

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Relações na escola da infância: perspectivas teóricas e didático-pedagógicas

This article portrays pathways and studies, arising from research already completed on relationships that constitute the process of appropriation-objectification of the world of human culture by the child at the School for Children, under the gaze of Historical-Cultural Approach. The studies had been configured in accord with a theoretical look that understands the relations as propeller of the humanization process and the child as capable to learn since very small. Initially, there is deepening of theoretical issues concerning the regularities of human development between three and six years old, based on the propositions of the Historical-Cultural Approach. Subsequently, it presents results of the routes methodological that integrated observation sessions of educational practice in schools in early childhood education, involving the relationship between children, adults and objects, as well as sessions of designs and semi-structured interviews with the children. These results show the resulting analysis of the pedagogical implications of the propositions of the HistoricalCultural Approach about the humanization process, mediation and activity.

Educação Profissional e Ideologia das Competências: Elementos para uma Crítica da Nova Pedagogia Empresarial sob a Mundialização do Capital

This article aims to address the relationship between work and professional education, specifically the ideology skills and the new pedagogy business under the globalization of capital. Is analyzed at first, the world-historical context, the restructuring of the productive and political capital from the 1970s, and the demand for a new organization of work based on model Toyota. Second, discuss such changes are productive within the Brazilian state and its influence on educational policies geared to work, permeated by the ideology skills as an instrument that seeks to obscure the relationshipcapital. It discusses the emergence of new education business connected to the ideals of human capital. It is the influence of international organizations in Brazil of the United Nations (UN) and the United Nations Organization for Education, Science and Culture (UNESCO), aimed at articulating the education according to the ideological aspect global, verified legislative apparatus in education. Ends up not only to reflect the content of the skills ideology, but it is suggested the redemption value of the denied promise of emancipation human-general.