217 resultados para Guerrilha urbana


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The article presents part of an evolutionary study regarding the ideas of children and adolescents on urban violence. The study included 40 subjects aged between 6 and 15; consisting of 10 subjects aged 6, 10 aged 9, 10 aged 12, and 10 aged 15. All subjects were enrolled in two public schools, one located in the interior of São Paulo’s State and the other in greater São Paulo. The subjects underwent three methodological procedures: a clinical interview, the drawing of a picture, and the analysis of a movie. In this paper we present data taken from the movie presentation, a silent cartoon which contained scenes of violence. The results indicate that subjects have difficulty in understanding the phenomenon of violence and its complexity. Subjects associated violence only with the most visible and concrete situations or conflicts, and they cannot identify the different types of violence contained in the drawings. The analysis and the theoretical references are based on the Piagetian perspective on the construction of social knowledge. Pedagogical implications based on evolutionary studies and the comprehension of the processes performed to the understanding of the social reality will be presented in this article, as well.

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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Pós-graduação em Agronomia - FEIS

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Historically, in Brazil, the process of urbanization and city growth was due to the intense migration of rural population to urban areas, especially in the last thirty years. This move, combined with a lack of planning, allowed the occupation of areas with potential for occurrences of erosion. The city of Aparecida, SP can be cited as an example of this process. These irregular occupations generate large material damage and human losses conditioned on mass movement of soil, resulting from the development of erosive processes. So, it is of great importance to physical characterization and identification of these areas within the same city map as a way to minimize the effects and mitigate the consequences of events. Thus, this work presents a series of graduate field campaigns, geotechnical laboratory testing and consultation with representative maps of the physical environment, as a means conclusive for delimintation of areas with potential risk for the occurrence of erosion, especially in areas undergoing urban expansion of the city Aparecida, SP. These areas were determined some geotechnical properties of soils present, evaluating the potential erodibility of them. Also presented are the descriptions of the main characteristics of these areas identified as being at risk, along with proposals to avoid or minimize the impact of problems related to erosion processes on the local population

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A presente pesquisa consiste em uma reflexão sobre os trabalhos artísticos na web. Influenciados por manifestações antiarte, os trabalhos da rede quebraram paradigmas e propuseram um novo meio democrático de disseminação informacional. Apoiado nesses arranjos, será apresentado um projeto de trabalho que consiste em um site de crítica à mídia alienadora e ao universo de aparências do meio artístico.

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A produção agrícola em áreas urbanas é um fenômeno presente no cenário mundial e tornou-se essencial para alimentação de famílias em diversas cidades de países em desenvolvimento. A agricultura urbana acarreta uma gama de benefícios aos locais que a praticam como garantia da segurança alimentar, geração de renda, aumento de áreas verdes usando lotes ociosos, entre outros. O atual modelo de desenvolvimento agrícola exerce pressão sobre as áreas rurais em diversos aspectos, seja reduzindo os espaços para pequenos produtores, como forçando-os a migrar para áreas urbanas. No Brasil o cénário não é diferente, e essa migração é crescente. As cidades de pequeno porte, que acolhem esses migrantes, ainda apresentam muitas características rurais, como a manutenção do hábito de plantar. O município de Charqueada, SP, se enquadra nessa categoria de cidade pequena e apresenta diversos terrenos cultivados na área urbana. O presente estudo tem como objetivo descrever a agricultura urbana em Charqueada, enfocando os cultivos em lotes vagos, bem como compreender sua dinâmica no local, registrar o conhecimento desses agricultores e fazer um levantamento das plantas alimentares cultivadas. A pesquisa se deu em três etapas de campo: a) mapeamento dos lotes cultivados na malha urbana; b) levantamento de dados socioeconômicos e sobre os cultivos em uma amostra geral; e (c) e em uma subamostra, com visitas aos lotes e coleta de material botânico. As amostras foram selecionadas aleatoriamente e os levantamentos foram realizados através de entrevistas estruturadas e semi-estruturadas, com métodos etnobotânicos. Os dados coletados foram analisados de maneira descritiva. Foram encontrados 97 lotes cultivados, destes, 77 participaram da amostragem geral e 30 da subamostra. Os agricultores são na grande maioria homens, de baixa renda, acima de 50 anos de idade... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)

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Despite the current Environmental Legislation resolution, concerning the protection of the Permanent Preservation Areas (PPA), be quite rigid, in practice, is observed noncompliance with the minimum limits of protection, especially in urban areas where, historically, the urbanization processes have been executed without compliance with the minimum standards of urban and environmental planning. Given the above, the present study aimed to analyze the urban sprawl evolution at the Olinda stream APP, located in the city of Rio Claro - SP. By means of the visual interpretation of aerial photographs in the GIS/ARCGIS environment, thematic maps of the urban sprawl of the years 1972, 1995 and 2010, as well as the Olinda Stream APP surroundings, were prepared. From the maps, it was possible to measure the occupation density for each scenario and indicate from which period the urbanization process has intensified. It was also possible to quantify the loss of vegetation area and indicate the major environmental problems in the basin of the Olinda stream. Therefore, the development of this research shows its importance, considering that its results can support the public administration, assisting in proper planning of land use and occupation in urban watersheds

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Sabiás e sanhaços estão entre as aves frugívoras mais comuns em áreas urbanas, sendo os primeiros com ampla distribuição e sanhaços com distribuição neotropical, onde dispersam sementes de uma variedade de espécie de plantas. Analisei o uso do hábitat e aspectos da ecologia, como densidade, abundância, uso do tempo e de hábitats das espécies de sabiás e sanhaços presentes no campus da UNESP de Rio Claro, estado de São Paulo, nas diferentes estações do ano. O estudo foi realizado através da observação das aves ao longo de um transecto onde as variáveis estudadas incluíram o número de indivíduos, hábitat de ocorrência, atividade, distância do transecto, tipo de alimento e estrato de forrageio para os indivíduos de cada espécie. Realizou-se 27 transecções, as quais incluíram áreas abertas (campos), construções (ruas e edificações), e fragmentos florestais, num trajeto de 3,65 km, entre os meses de janeiro e agosto de 2010, em três períodos do dia. Foram registradas cinco espécies de aves, o sanhaço-cinzento, o sanhaço-do-coqueiro, o sabiá-barranco, o sabiá-poca e o sabiá-laranjeira, em um total de 555 indivíduos avistados. Os resultados demonstraram a maior abundancia (283 indivíduos) e densidade (1.47 Indivíduos/ha) para a espécie de sanhaço-cinzento (Thraupis sayaca). Os dados obtidos permitiram inferir um elevado grau de seleção do hábitat utilizado pelas três espécies mais abundantes, ocorrendo preferência por regiões com maior cobertura vegetal arbórea/arbustiva. O forrageamento se apresentou como a principal atividade, entretanto, as espécies de sabiás utilizaram ambos estratos, forrageando invertebrados no solo e frutos na vegetação arbórea, enquanto sanhaços encontraram-se unicamente no estrato arbóreo. Foram encontradas 41 espécies de plantas arbóreas...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)

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The growth area of cities has resulted in a phenomenon of conurbation (or expressing tendency). This correspond to a combine of two or more urban cores, there are formations of conurbations. In this way, there are the formations of urban concentrations and can achieve the step metropolitan or not metropolitan. Besides, this kind of expansion generates many social and environmental problems related about habitation, rubbish, drain, and others. Piracicaba, a city in expansion, recently, shows evidences of conurbation not metropolitan around itself. Like this, the paulista government, at June, 26 of 2012, institutionalized the Urban Concentration of Piracicaba, a regional unity, intending the administration along with 22 cities. However, for this fact, must be taken into account functional integration among urban centers, because the number of municipalities are presented to compose a urban concentration of level not metropolitan. It has checked along this research, according with proposition about 22 cities. Thus, the objective of this research is identify and analyze the functional integration among participating municipalities through the commuting, in other words, the spatial displacement of people, important factor to be taken into account when defining urban concentration. Considering the displacement routine people, the commuting, also aimed identify the flow of public transport intercity travel among the cities of Piracicaba Regional Unity. Then, analyze the criteria used for establish the Piracicaba Regional Unity, if it was considered technical character or if it was prioritized the political character. To conduct this research, it was done the literature review related to the theme and data collection related lines of intercity transportation and often travel with ARTESP and companies responsible for it service

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The fundamental objective of this research was analyzed the urban expansion’s process of municipality Piracicaba, it is located in the countryside of São Paulo state. The use and occupation of land by observing the social and environmental impacts related, including the Protection Permanent Area (PPA) of urban fringes according to the successive expansions of Piracicaba city in 2006, the publication year of the current city hall director planning, until 2011, when the approval of the eighth and most recent update of Piracicaba’s expanding the perimeter. The development of the study was conducted with the support of bibliographic, cartographic, considering maps and satellite images, further more field work. Thematic maps of the current urban expansion were created, urban voids and land use were developed, typifying the occupation according to the activities established thus through the analysis of land use through cartographic interpretation, as research in locus. To assist the research geotechnologies were used, both for production and for the interpretation of cartographic materials, specially in Geographic Information Systems

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Este trabalho apresenta o resultado de estudo e análise do espaço urbano de São Pedro/SP para avaliar a interferência da urbanização nas mudanças geomórficas e na formação de feições associadas a processos erosivos lineares acelerados. A área de estudo localiza-se na porção centro-oriental do estado de São Paulo, distando cerca de 198 km da capital. Encontra-se limitada pelas coordenadas 22º30’ e 22º45’ de latitude sul e 47º45’ e 48º00’ de longitude oeste. (FACINCANI, 1995, p.4). Para atender ao objetivo proposto, foram realizados mapeamentos geomorfológicos e do uso da terra ao longo do processo histórico de expansão da área urbana do município, mais precisamente desde 1970 até o período atual, com base na proposta técnica de Tricart (1965) e Anderson (1979), respectivamente. Para isso, foram utilizadas fotografias aéreas de escala 1:25.000, 1:40.000 e 1:30.000, referentes respectivamente, aos cenários de 1972, 1988 e 2000. Para realização da análise integrada da dinâmica do uso da terra e das alterações geomórficas foi utilizada a “Teoria Geral dos Sistemas” como orientação metodológica, uma vez que uma das principais preocupações do geógrafo são os impactos ambientais e, conforme Christofoletti (1986), para compreender e executar ações preventivas e de recuperação do meio degradado, é necessário obter conhecimentos adequados desses processos, com base numa abordagem integrada do espaço, visando à compreensão do funcionamento e do equilíbrio da natureza integrados com as atividades humanas. Dessa forma, este estudo constatou que a expansão urbana de São Pedro foi uma das causas do surgimento e evolução das diversas voçorocas existentes na área de estudo. Ainda, por meio de... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)

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The intensive development in the urbanization process implied a series of economic, social, and gradually, environmental transformations, essentially, since its intensification, which took place from the Industrial Revolution in Europe and North America. In Latin American countries, including Brazil, there was such acceleration in urban sprawl, only in the middle of the twentieth century, fomented by a peculiar industrialization, coming from the scientific-technical revolution, which occurred in developing countries. In this context, and with a lack of planning and an effective organization, cities of the dependent countries face an inordinate population growth and an unprecedented industrial swelling. Brazil, following this trend, presents several issues regarding the gaps in the provision of necessary infrastructure to meet the most basic needs of its population and the intense activity and anthropogenic effects on the environment. In this sense, environmental problems, related to air and water pollution, degradation and contamination of soil, paving roads, reduction of green areas, urban heat island, among others, reaching ever deeper into the Brazilian urban areas. It is important the analysis in this final project, the weather events related to episodes of strong winds and the events and the impacts to the population of Rio Claro (SP) in the period 2005 to 2010, basing themselves in Geographical Climatology and Urban climate studies. In this scenario, we found the prevalence of occurrences linked to falling trees in the study area, connected, at the same time, to the occurrence and to the absence of episodes of extreme events, with measurements of strong winds, showing a connection between the events and external facts to episodes of winds

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Man can transform the nature according to their needs through technique which enables agriculture, cattle raising, constructions of buildings for housing, transport routes, etc. This action has brought significant transformations to the environment, and relief is one of the most changed elements, mainly at urban areas, which concentrates most of the Brazilian population. In these areas geomorphologic systems have undergone alterations in their flow of matter and energy by the action of man. Thus, it is possible o understand the action of man as geomorphologic action, nowadays, the tecnógeno, since the human action can interfere qualitatively and quantitatively in the input and output of these systems. The anthropic geomorphology has contributed to the analyses of the effects due to the urbanization at the form and at the geomorphologic process in the urban watersheds, indicating the transformations at the shape of the relief and the alterations due to the acceleration of the flow of matter and energy. From these questions, this study had the main diagnose the anthropogenic changes of the relief at the basin of Corrego do Jardim São João, Araras (SP), comparing two scenes, 1997 and 2006, through geomorphological mapping evolutionary in the area. The geomorphological feature altered at the basin are directly linked to the use of soil, mainly at the urban use, which caused effects in the relief at the studied area, making possible to define periods of the urban evolution and impacts caused by the urbanization. Among the changes it was found the decrease of the topographic breaks and at the riverbed channels, as the increase of the accumulation of the plain and riverbed terrace. The elaboration of a letter of the legal restrictions of the basin make possible to evaluate some of the environmental urban problems that occur, which are due to the occupation of the relief in the areas of permanent preservation that brings significant impacts to...

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The work consists of the historical city of Guaratinguetá, as well as data on their quality of life, economic development and population, transportation in Brazil and the transportation system of the city serving as a basis to support the development of the urban network. The urban fabric of the city was raised with plants of the city in different years, documents obtained by the Museum and Hall of Frei Galvão Guaratinguetá well to check the form of land use and growth drivers of the city over time. We studied also the main access roads to the city by focusing on an approach that has been the subject of a proposed urban intervention. A direct interview was performed and recorded with one of those responsible for planning the urban fabric of the city in order to gather information on the historical development, the future possibilities of interventions in the urban as well as problems encountered and other curiosities. Through the study it was observed that the urban grid Guaratinguetá developing a planned since 1970 and that the highlights of most cities in the Paraíba Valley. The work is grounded in concepts of sustainable city and also in quantitative and qualitative data from sectors responsible

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As matas ciliares representam importante ecossistema na natureza, formando um ecótono entre o ambiente aquático e o ambiente terrestre apresenta elevada diversidade tanto da flora quanto da fauna sendo importantes corredores ecológicos para diversas espécies. Além da sua importância ecológica as matas ciliares apresentam importante papel na manutenção da quantidade e qualidade da água, essenciais para nossa sobrevivência. Para que projetos de conservação e recuperação das florestas ciliares ocorram com sucesso, trabalhos envolvendo a população através da educação ambiental são de grande importância, principalmente quanto se trata de corpos d’agua que atravessam a cidade como é o caso do Ribeirão Lavapés