A Educação Musical Brasileira e Três Modelos Explicativos de Mundo: em busca de significados

In this paper we study the main modalities of music education in Brazil and how they can be compared to different views worldwide. Recognition that modern practices in music education are inserted in contemporary knowledge paradigms shows their relevance to a changing world. According to this contemporary paradigm the practices included herein point to alternatives in the relationship between men and themselves, men and other men and men and the environment. They also encourage cooperation, the relationship among the arts, the conduction of actions ruled by the principles of ecology and the recovery of values lost or weakened.

Mosca-Negra-dos-Citros: Características Gerais, Bioecologia e Métodos de Controle dessa Importante Praga Quarentenária da Citricultura Brasileira

Citrus blackfly, Aleurocanthus woglumi Ashby, is a serious pest of citrus culture and other economically important fruit crops. It is a present quarantine pest or A2 maximum alert restricting trades with other regions free of its presence. Since the frst occurrence of the citrus blackfly in Belem in 2001 its dissemination was quickly to other States and regions of citrus production in Brazil. As an exotic pest, basic knowledge is scarce in order to establish the appropriate management to the insect in Brazil. Thus, the aim of the present study was to provide information about important aspects of A. woglumi, such as: history and geographical distribution, bioecology, host plants, appropriate control methods, among others, in order to provide subsidies for futures researches about the citrus blackfly in Brazil.

Considerações sobre o câncer localmente avançado de mama (CLAM) acrescidas de identificação dos receptores de estrogênios usando anticorpos monoclonais.

The effects of therapy in locally advanced breast cancer submitted to combined conventional telecobalt therapy plus chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide and 5-fluorouracil were studied in 49 patients. Associated to radical mastectomy in operable cases. Local tumor control was achieved in 86.7%. There were no local recurrences in those submitted to surgery but they reached 21.7% in inoperable patients who received only radiation therapy and chemotherapy. The median follow-up time for dead patients was 29.5 months and for living patients 79.3 months. The index of complete responses was 24.5% and the median disease free interval was 22.9 months. The overall survival rate, between three and five years, was 32.7%. Estrogen receptors were identified by using immunohistochemical assay ER-ICA and monoclonal antibody H222-SP gamma, Abbott. There were no differences in the complete response index, disease free interval and survival rates, among ER-positive and ER-negative patients, explained by the far advanced stage of the disease. ER-positivity was significantly correlated with histological features of the tumors: cell differentiation, presence of elastosis, absence of lymphocytic infiltration and absence of tumor necrosis.

Estudos hídricos com substratos vegetais para cultivo de orquídeas epífitas

Different growing media were compared as to water adsorption and water loss, at Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil, through a three-year period. The objective was to recommend substrates other than tree fern fiber for cultivation of epiphytic orchids. Two treatments of each substrate were used in each sampling: materials stored in laboratory (without use) and materials exposed to conditions of orchid cultivation under laths (used). Generally, the substrates without use adsorbed less water than used substrates. When materials without use were compared, the tree fern fiber retained initially the greatest quantity of water and the blocks of pressed coconut bark, the smallest. However, these blocks gained a great capacity of water adsorption after being used. Charcoal added to the growing media did not cause significant alterations in the studied characteristics. In terms of water relations, the best growing media to substitute the tree fern fiber were composed by blocks of pressed coconut bark or by mixtures of this material with charcoal or Eucalyptus grandis bark. Bark of E grandis alone or in mixture with charcoal did not give good results.

Tinea nigra: Relato de caso e revisao da literatura brasileira

The authors present a clinical case of palmar Tinea nigra in a 19-year-old young woman. The Brazilian literature concerning Tinea nigra is discussed as well as the reports presented in Brazilian Congresses from 1985 to 1995. The data show that 63.3% of the cases occurred in patients younger than 20-years-old, they were more frequent among females and 90.5% were localized on the palms; among the cases reported in the Brazilian Congresses those of atypical localization as the back and the genital area are worth noticing.

Aditivos na ensilagem do capim-elefante. I. Composição bromatológica das forragens e das respectivas silagens

The effect of the addition of ground ear corn with husks, wheat bran and saccharin, on the rate of 0, 8, 16 and 24% (dry weight of additive/wet weight of cut green grass), upon the chemical composition of both fodder and silage of Pennisetum purpureum Schum. cv. Guaçu was evaluated. A split-plot randomized block design was used. The plots were the additives and their levels and the sub-plots the material types (forage + additives and their silages). The grass was fertilized with 20 t/ha of green manure and 80, 160 and 160 kg/ha of P2O5, N and K2O, respectively. The material (chopped grass mixed with the levels of the additives) was ensiled in experimental silos (200 L plastic vessels). The dry matter percentages increased linearly as additive levels increased, being greater the effect of ground ear corn with husks. Wheat bran addition and saccharin increased the crude protein and soluble carbohydrates percentages while the ground ear corn with husks addition decreased them. Losses of dry matter soluble compounds (CP, ash and NFE) and a relative rise in the less soluble compounds (CF and organic matter) were observed.

Aditivos na ensilagem do capim-elefante. II. Qualidade das silagens amostradas por dois métodos

Silages of Pennisetum purpureum Schum. cv. Guaçu prepared with 0, 8, 16 and 24% of ground ear com with husks, wheat bran and saccharin, dry weight of additive/wet weight of green chop basis. The experimental design was a randomized blocks one in split-plot; the plots were the additives and levels, and the sub-plots the sampling methods. The material was ensiled using plastic vessels in middle of which holed pvc pipes (3 inches diameter) were put. These pipes (one per vessel) had the same length as the height of the vessels, and were filled at the same time and compacted the same way as the vessels. The first method of sampling used the material ensiled inside the pvc pipe, which was lifted out from the vessel at the moment of the silo opening. The other sampling method, normaly used in digestibility trials, consisted of samples composed by daily sub-samples collected in the vessels. The pvc sampling method was more efficient because it sampled a profile of the whole silage. All of the silages showed high percentages of lactic acid and low percentages or even absence of butyric acid, though in all silages high ammoniacal-N percentages were detected.

Aditivos na ensilagem do capim-elefante. III. Valor nutritivo e consumo voluntário e digestibilidade aparente em ovinos

The intake, the apparent digestibility and the nutritive value of elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schum.) silages prepared with the addition of 0, 8, 16 and 24% of ground ear corn with husks, wheat bran and saccharin, dry weight of additive/wet weight of green chop upon the silage were evaluated. A randomized block design with three replications, in a factorial arrangement (3 additives x 4 levels) was used. As experimental silos, 200-liter plastic vessels were used. Sheep weighing approximately 50 kg, kept in individual cages, receiving water and mineral mixture ad libitum, were used to measure the intake and apparent digestibility of silages. There was a ten-day period of adaptation to the experiment conditions. The voluntary intake of the silages was determined by the mean of the intake observed in the last three days of a ten-day period. The fecal collection period lasted for seven days. In this period the animals were fed 80% of the observed intake obtained in the previous phase. The dry matter intake increased as the levels of the additives in the silages were increased. The digestibility of the wall cell components decreased as the rates of the additives in the ensilage process increased. The silages prepared with wheat bran or ground ear corn with husks showed higher nutritive value than the ones with saccharin.

Aditivos na ensilagem do capim-elefante. IV. Fermentação ruminal em ovinos

The ruminai fermentation patterns of sheep fed elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schum.) silage enriched with ground ear corn with husks, wheat bran and saccharin in the levels 0, 8, 16 and 24% dry weight of additive/wet weight of green chop was evaluated. A split-plot randomized block design was used. The plots were the additives and their levels and the sub-plots the time of rumen fluid collection (0, 1, 3, 6, 9, 12 and 24 h after feeding). During the collection period, the sheep were fed 80% of the observed voluntary feed intake of the previous phase. For all additive types and levels used in preparing the silages, high levels of total volatile fat acids were observed, with predominance of the acetic acid. The silages having ground ear corn with husks as additive showed, in the ruminai fluid, ammonia production levels below the recommended for maximum microbial protein synthesis. However, silages with saccharin or wheat bran presented a good ammoniacal-N availability. In the ruminal fluid of the sheep fed ground ear corn with husks or wheat bran the molar proportion of butyric acid was increased and that of acetic acid and pH were decreased, as the levels of the additives in the silage increased.

Manifestações otorrinolaringológicas em crianças com AIDS

Introduction: The study of otolaryngologic manifestations in children HIV + can lead to early diagnosis of AIDS, allowing specific treatment, responsible by reduced morbidity and mortality. Objectives: Detect the otolaryngologic manifestations in children with AIDS and alert to the importance of the early diagnosis. Study design: Clinical prospective. Material and method: We evaluated 22 children with AIDS assisted at Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu (São Paulo, Brasil). The medical records were reviewed and the children were submitted to otolaryngologic and hearing acuity exams. Results: We evaluated 12 boys and 10 girls, whose ages ranged from 8 months to 12 years. In B and C clinical classification were included 18 children who were using anti-retroviral medicaments. Physical examination mainly indicated cervical lymphadenopathy (18 cases), paleness of the nasal mucous membrane with abundant mucous secretion over the nasal epithelium (15 cases) and retraction of tympanic membranes (seven cases). The main otolaryngologic diagnoses were: rhinosinusitis (16 cases), oral candidiasis (13 cases), inadequate eustachian tube function (seven cases) and recurrent tonsillar infections (six cases). Conductive hearing loss were detected in 4 children. No child presented sensorineural hearing loss. Conclusions: The main otolaryngologic manifestations presented by the children with HIV virus were rhinosinusitis, oral candidiasis, inadequate eustachian tube function and recurrent tonsillar infections. The allergic aspect of the nasal mucous membrane and the cervical lymphadenopathy were frequent signs and could alert the otolaryngologyst to AIDS during the exam.

Effectiveness of EDTA and EDTA-T brushing on the removal of root surface smear layer.

The purpose of this study was to compare the removal of root surface smear layer following active application of EDTA gel and EDTA-T (texapon) gel in different concentrations (5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 24%), using scanning electron microscopy. A total of 220 dentin blocks obtained from the root surfaces of extracted teeth were divided into 3 groups: Group I - (control) application of saline solution (n = 20); Group II - EDTA gel (pH 7.0) was applied in the following concentrations: 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 24% (n = 100); Group III - EDTA-T gel (pH 7.0) applied in the same concentrations described above (n = 100). The photomicrographs were evaluated by one calibrated examiner using a smear layer removal index and following statistical analysis (Kruskal-Wallis test). The results demonstrated that the specimens treated with EDTA and EDTA-T gel presented a better smear layer removal than the control group (p < 0.01); no statistically significant differences were observed between the EDTA and EDTA-T groups and between the concentrations tested (Mann-Whitney, p > 0.05). Within the limits of this study, it can be concluded that all treatment modalities effectively removed the smear layer from the root surface. The addition of texapon into the EDTA gel formulation did not increase its effectiveness.

Estudo das características morfológicas dos pites nos materiais resistentes à corrosão

This paper has as a purpose a new alternative technique development to characterize pitting corrosion evolution, aiming classification, size and determination of morphological parameters which rule pits increase. In this case, the method will be applied to the 304 ABNT stainless steel, thermally treated and exposed to different times in salt spray. Different 304 steel conditions, rolled and thermally treated have exhibited similar geometry, predominantly conic, near-conic and irregular pits. On rolled steel, pits width increases faster than height; however, on thermally treated steel, pits are found to increase in height.

Estudo quantitativo da lágrima pelo teste de fenol vermelho na população brasileira

Purpose: To detect normal values of red phenol thread test in the Brazilian population and compare it between different races, age and sex. Methods: 280 white individuals (560 eyes) and 280 non-white individuals (560 eyes) were analyzed regarding sex and age, and analyzed using the Phenol Red test. Individuals with ocular diseases, contact lens or ocular drug users were excluded from this study. Results: Of the 1,120 evaluated eyes, the mean ± standard deviation result was 19,77±7,90 mm. Conclusion: The mean result found in this study was an intermediate value compared to the previously studied populations (Japanese and American).

Lesões epiteliais malignas da conjuntiva e recidiva tumoral - Estudo retrospectivo

Purpose: To evaluate the conjunctival epithelial malign lesions carriers and the recurrence rate using exeresis and radiotherapy. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted observing 52 conjunctival epithelial malign lesions carriers treated from 1989 by 2003. The subjects were assessed to evaluation according: age, gender, time of start, classification of the lesion and recurrence rate. The lesion were surgically removed and radiotherapy was indicated when the exeresis was incomplete. Results: The majority of the patients were male, with 61 year old median age, white. The conjunctival squamous carcinoma was presented in 86,5% of the patients. The recidive rate was 11,5%, happened between 1 to 60 month postoperative. Conclusion: according our results the conjunctival epithelial malign lesions were more often observed in older, males and whites. The majority of the patient had conjunctival squamous carcinoma (86,5%). The recidive rate after exeresis and radiotherapy in patients with incomplete exéresis was 11,5%.

Incidência de malformações congênitas em crianças concebidas através de injeção intracitoplasmática de espermatozóides

Purpose: to evaluate the incidence and types of major congenital malformations (MCM) in liveborn children conceived by intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). Methods: a total of 680 liveborn children resulted from 511 couples submitted to ICSI from January, 1999 to December, 2002. Data collection of the children was performed through standardized questionnaire and clinical examination. Of the 511 couples, 366 had been contacted for a sampling of 371 gestations. Of the 680 liveborn, 520 had been evaluated, 250 of them (48.1%) through questionnaire and 270 (51.9%) through questionnaire and physical examination. Two hundred and fifty children were from singleton pregnancies and 270 from multiple pregnancies. Malformations were classified according to the 10th revision of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health. Only MCM were analyzed in this study. The incidence of MCM was compared with that of the general population obtained by the Latin American Collaborative Study of Congenital Malformations. The statistical analysis was performed by the χ 2 test (level of significance p<0.05). Results: of the 520 children, 15 presented MCM, resulting in an incidence of 2.9%. There was no difference in relation to the control group (p>0.05), which showed 2.6% incidence of MCM. The most frequent malformations were of cardiac origin (four isolated and two associated), corresponding to 40% of the total. The other types of MCM were: renal (three), neural tube (two), skull (one), cleft lip (one), genital (one), Down syndrome (associated with cardiac malformations) (two), and musculoskeletal (one). Six MCM occurred in children from singleton pregnancies and nine in children from multiple pregnancies. Conclusion: the liveborn children conceived by ICSI presented incidence of major congenital malformations (2.9%) near to the expected for the general population (2.6%). However, to establish the risks of MCM with precision it is necessary to continue the evaluation of the children conceived by ICSI.