Tatuagem: cultura de massas e afirmação subjetiva incorporadas

Como afirmar a própria subjetividade e pertenças identitárias num mundo em constante mudança pelo excesso de informação midiática e pela alternância de papéis sociais? Para jovens urbanos, o consumo cultural possibilita utilizar a imagem do próprio corpo como instância de incorporação de valores, símbolos midiáticos e expressão de subjetividade a partir de sua escolha por produtos simbólicos veiculados pela mídia da comunicação de massa e tatuados na pele. Com suporte principal em Hall, Canclíni, Morin e Le Breton, partimos do pressuposto de que não existe realidade sem representação da linguagem; assim, a opção por certos tipos de narradores midiáticos da cultura contemporânea põe em foco o simbolismo sobreposto à pele, que reproduz imagens icônicas de bandas, filmes e desenhos animados ou de quadrinhos. Essas imagens são resíduos de memórias individuais/coletivas ostentadas socialmente e que discursam sobre as relações de consumo dos sujeitos sociais e as novas sensibilidades originadas da convivência tecnologicamente midiatizada

O voto e seus enigmas: A dimensão subjetiva das escolhas eleitorais

Ce travail analyse la portée subjective des Choix Électoraux à travers la notion psychanalytique du désarroi humain. Nous avons développé cette recherche ayant pour référence la pensée de Freud et de Lacan et suivant les jalons posés par les penseurs des sciences sociales nous nous sommes rapprochées de la réalité sociale pour y « atteindre sur son horizon la subjectivité de notre époque ». La condition de désarroi fait partie de la structuration du sujet, du fait qu il dépend entièrement de l Autre pour se construire. Cependant l être humain se crée des mécanismes pour se protéger du désarroi absolu, il trouve des arts de vivre qui lui rendent plus facile sa condition d être. Les idéaux, les pactes sociaux ce sont des modalités de sécurité sans lesquelles le sujet fixe ses particularités sans s engager dans le processus civilisatoire. Nous caractérisons la société contemporaine par la chute successive d une série d idéaux qui fait monter de plus en plus le désarroi. Dans l absence d idéaux sociaux et politiques sur lesquels l électeur puisse se repérer, nous remaquons une tendance vers l individualisme et vers l absence d investissements dans des projets colectifs. Cette façon d opérer se dévoile aussi au moment de choisir un candidat, ce qui se base sur la logique du particulier motivée par des perspectives individuelles, sans liens avec la promotion de la vie publique. Notre enquête a été réalisée à Natal durant la campagne électorale de 2002. Notre objectif est de comprendre surtout la logique des choix électoraux de la population de la périphérie, celle qui se trouve devant un double désarroi : celle de sa condition humaine et celle qu advient de la précaire condition de subsistance. Nous soutenons que l idée selon laquelle le candidat, par la position qu il occupe dans la société, détient la fonction d offrir quelques garanties à l électeur et de cette manière il entre dans la série de ce qui peut soulager et promouvoir un certain réconfort aux personnes, même si l on considère le fait que l électeur ne croit plus à ses représentants. Nous sommes partis des questions suivantes: comment identifier la dimension subjective des choix électoraux et de quelle manière celle-ci se manifeste-t-elle de nos jours ? Comment se passe le choix éléctoral de la population qui est à la marge du système? La thèse que nous soutenons est que l état de désarroi est un substrat subjectif qui est la base de tout choix éléctoral mais qui se configure de façon différenciée à partir des références de l électeur, de son contexte historique, des facteurs économiques, etc. Le sujet, face à son désarroi, construit des chemins pour pouvoir soutenir son existence ce que nous appellons ici un Projet Directionnel. Ce facteur directionnel est l un des éléments de motivation des électeurs dans leurs choix électoraux

Razão e Fé: estudo do grupo de oração como prática complementar na promoção à saúde

The World Health Organization (WHO) has given special attention to therapeutic procedures other than those practiced in conventional therapy, including homeopathy, phytotherapy, spiritual therapies and prayers, making possible the transition from a mere medicalizating model to a holistic view of the human being. This trend, earmarked in 1978 at the Alma-Ata Conference, questions the ability of technological and specialized medicine to solve the health problems of humankind. In Brazil, the onset of the Brazilian unified health system in 1988, introduced changes in the population s health care model where, within the scope of basic care, emphasis has been given to the Family Health Program since 1994. In this scenery, there is a broad area of complementary practices used in promoting health and preventing and treating diseases to support an understanding of the habits and beliefs underpinning popular practices. The purpose of this study was to analyze the perception users participating in the Peace and Balance group of the Family Health Unit of Nova Cidade, in Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, started in 1999, have of the relationship between the experience of prayer and the changes that may have taken place in their lives after joining the group. It is a case study of descriptive nature and qualitative approach. The data were collected during focus group interviews between January and February 2007, using as tools a questionnaire to describe the research participants and a discussion outline. The theoretical support approached the following: religion and the evolution of thought; complementary health practices; and religion as a complementary health practice. Those interviewed reported, as results of such experience, a reduction in stress and depression, an increase in socialization and self-esteem, improved family interaction, comfort, safety, assurance, improved blood pressure levels and a decrease in the use of antihypertension medication and psychopharmacs. Although most professionals do not consider attention to the religious and spiritual aspects an effective therapeutical complement in health care, its understanding and practice may democratize knowledge and relationships, out of which they can learn how to make health production more effective, strengthening assurance and confidence, and developing and expanding soft technologies aimed at health care promotion and wholeness

Se inicia oração com pronome clítico? Atitudes linguísticas, na escola, em relação aos padrões brasileiros de colocação pronominal

Focusing on the empirical assessment issue, proposed by Language change theory (cf. cf. WEINREICH; LABOV; HERZOG, 2006; LABOV, [1972] 2008), this research assists to clarifying Portuguese teacher s attitudes in Natal- RN, regarding (a) to proclisis in three specific contexts: in the beginning of a simple/compound sentence (V1), after the subjects (SV), and proclisis after the secondary verb in complex verbal structures (V1V2); (b) to students who use such patterns in usage. Specific contexts were gathered thanks to their representing of the standard variety, as many studies have proven (Martins, 2012; Schei, 2003; Biazzoli, 2010, 2012). The research aims at: (i) verifying by means of a classroom assessment test, whether Portuguese teachers correct proclisis on referred contexts; (ii) identifying, via attitudinal tests what actions teachers take regarding to the usage of standards above mentioned, as well as students as users of those. Twenty Portuguese teachers, picked at random out of different of public schools in Natal-RN, responded to a classroom assessment test in addition to other two attitudinal ones. Results achieved point to a recurring high proclisis correction index of 50% in simple/compound sentences, even though such variety has been implemented to pronominal usage standards in Brazilian Portuguese. This setting of usage was generally assessed negatively, having no commonality between this assessment and the neutral one used by students. Unlike previous setting, the proclisis after subject did not receive any correction of the twenty teachers, what proves coherence with the positive evaluation both the varieties and the students attained. As for the second verb of complex verbal structures, proclisis correction went negative on presenting single results, despite their proximity, with correction indexes of 20% (infinite structures), 10% (present progressive structures) and 25% (participle structures). The assessment on these contexts of proclisis ranged between positive and neutral, also valid for the one students utilized. It means that proclisis in the beginning of simple/compound sentences are yet seemingly spotted in writing school scenario, much likely due to the negative evaluation, opposite to students . Later to subjects and earlier to secondary verbs in structures, proclisis appears to be acknowledged in writing school scenarios, which reflects on teachers assessment as compared to students who use proclisis in these contexts; being in general either positive or neutral

Qualidade subjetiva do sono e queixa de insônia em pacientes com Acidente Vascular Cerebral

Brain injury can be associated with changes in the sleep-wake cycle. However, studies about sleep disturbances and their relationship with quality of sleep are scarce. Besides, it remains to be known how stroke affects the mechanisms of sleep. The aim of this study was to investigate quality of sleep, complaints of sleep disturbances and associated factors in stroke patients from the Physical Therapy services in Natal -RN. This was a cross-sectional descriptive study involving 70 individuals (aged 45-65 years), 40 patients (57 ± 7 years), 11 ± 9 months after injury, and 30 healthy individua ls (52 ± 6 years), evaluated with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Sleep Habits Questionnaire. The data were analyzed by Chi-square test, t Student test and logistic regression. Poor quality sleep was found in 57,5% of the patients (6,3 ± 3,5) and was significantly higher than in the control population (3,9 ± 2,2) (t Student test, p=0,002). The patients showed significantly higher value of PSQI than controls: sleep latency (p=0,019), length of sleep (p=0,039) and dysfunction during the day (p=0,001). Regarding complaints of sleep disturbances (dyssomnias and parasomnias) analyzed by Chi-square test, the complaint of insomnia was the most prevalent (patients: 37,5%; healthy subjects: 6,7%; p=0,007). Regression analysis showed that sl eep latency (p=0,036) and complaint of insomnia (p=0,036) were associated with quality sleep. In addition, female gender (p=0,036) and complaint of broken sleep (p=0,003) were considered risk factors for the presence of insomnia. Our results show that stroke affects the homeostatic process of sleep. Shorter sleep latency and the absence of insomnia are considered protective factors for good sleep quality and this should be taken into consideration in the diagnostic and therapeutic strategies

Tatuagem: cultura de massas e afirmação subjetiva incorporadas

Como afirmar a própria subjetividade e pertenças identitárias num mundo em constante mudança pelo excesso de informação midiática e pela alternância de papéis sociais? Para jovens urbanos, o consumo cultural possibilita utilizar a imagem do próprio corpo como instância de incorporação de valores, símbolos midiáticos e expressão de subjetividade a partir de sua escolha por produtos simbólicos veiculados pela mídia da comunicação de massa e tatuados na pele. Com suporte principal em Hall, Canclíni, Morin e Le Breton, partimos do pressuposto de que não existe realidade sem representação da linguagem; assim, a opção por certos tipos de narradores midiáticos da cultura contemporânea põe em foco o simbolismo sobreposto à pele, que reproduz imagens icônicas de bandas, filmes e desenhos animados ou de quadrinhos. Essas imagens são resíduos de memórias individuais/coletivas ostentadas socialmente e que discursam sobre as relações de consumo dos sujeitos sociais e as novas sensibilidades originadas da convivência tecnologicamente midiatizada

O cinema, o jogo e a cultura

práticas artificiais, que incluem a experiência midiática, numa negociação/conciliação permanente entre a cultura objetiva (social) e a subjetiva (do indivíduo). A mediação cotidiana e fundamental é a comunicação do real com o imaginário. Para além do ato ou efeito de mediar, de estar entre, as mediações são a articulação entre práticas de comunicação e movimentos sociais; são as modalidades da comunicação dentro das quais se inserem os meios e que estão ligadas ao sensorium dos modos de percepção e da experiência social. O cinema reflete esse quadro como produto de uma experiência coletiva de fascínio mágico, um lugar de participação afetiva. Comporta elementos do jogo não competitivo e também apresenta elementos do sagrado pela alimentação e divulgação de mitos, pela ritualização convertida em periodicidade e pelo extraordinário evocado em êxtase profano.

Repercussões histopatológicas da colostomia no coto colônico distal desfuncionalizado: estudo experimental em ratos

O objetivo deste trabalho foi evidenciar as repercussões histopatológicas da colostomia no segmento desfuncionalizado e, dessa forma, criar um modelo experimental da colite de derivação fecal (CO). Foram utilizados 65 ratos, adultos, da raça Wistar, com peso variando de 220 a 300 g. Os animais foram divididos em 13 grupos, contendo cinco ratos. Do grupo 1 ao grupo 12, os animais foram submetidos a laparotomia mediana, sendo realizada uma colostomia terminal tipo boca única, e observados, por períodos variados de tempo, com o máximo de cem dias. Os animais, após serem mortos, foram necropsiados e retirado o segmento co1ônico desfuncionalizado para a avaliação histopatológica. Essa avaliação consistia de uma análise quantitativa, através da medida da espessura da mucosa colônica, e de uma análise qualitativa, mediante avaliação subjetiva: da presença de infiltrado inflamatório agudo ou crônico na lâmina própria; das alterações na arquitetura das criptas colônicas; da presença de hiperplasia folicular linfóide e de linfócitos na luz dos vasos da submucosa; e da presença de eosinófilos na luz intestinal. No grupo 12, após o 100° dia de pós-operatório (OPO), foi realizada a reconstrução do trânsito intestinal, e, após trinta dias, o cólon descendente foi retirado para a análise histopatológica. O método de Tukey e o teste "t" de Student foram utilizados como parte da análise dos resultados. Verificou-se uma redução estatisticamente significante da espessura da mucosa colônica a partir do 4000PO. Concluiu-se que a colostomia desfuncionalizante realizada em ratos reproduziu alterações histopatológicas compatíveis com a colite de derivação, e que estas mostraram-se reversíveis após a reconstrução do trânsito intestinal

Marcadores nutricionais e inflamatórios e sua associação com a morbimortalidade em hemodiálise

Background: Malnutrition, inflammation and comorbidities are frequent in patients with chronic renal failure in hemodialysis (HD), contributing for morbidity and mortality. Aims: To evaluate the correlation between anthropometric, laboratory parameters, bioelectrical impedance (BIA) and inflammatory markers with the morbidity and mortality of patients in HD, as well as the impact of its alterations throughout 12 months. Methods: 143 patients of a dialysis facility in Northeast Brazil were evaluated throughout 18 months. Patients with more than 3 months on dialysis, older than 18 years, without amputation of hands and feet, were included in the study. We performed a clinical (subjective global assessment - SGA), anthropometric (BMI, percent of ideal weight, MAC, MAMC, MAMA, percent of fat mass and TSF), laboratory (albumin, creatinine, lymphocyte count as nutritional markers and CRP, IL-6 and TNF- as inflammatory markers) evaluation and BIA (reactance, phase angle and percent of body cell mass) at the beginning of study and after 3, 6 and 12 months of follow-up. The association between study variables and deaths and hospitalizations in 6 and 12 months was investigated. The variable with significance < 10% in the univariate analysis had been enclosed in a multivariate logistic regression analysis. We also investigated the risk of mortality and hospitalization associated with differences in measurements of the variables at baseline and six months later. Results: Patients were aged 52.2 ± 16.6 years on the average, 58% were male, and mean dialysis vintage was 5.27 ± 5.12 years. The prevalence of malnutrition varied from 7.7-63.6%, according to the nutritional marker. The variables associated with morbidity and mortality in 6 and 12 months had been creatinine ≤ 9.45 mg/dl, phase angle ≤ 4.57 degrees, BMI ≤ 23 kg/m2, age ≤ 64.9 years, reactance ≤ 51.7 ohms; Charlson´s index ≥ 4 and socioeconomic status ≤ 7. During six months of follow up, decrease in albumin was associated with significantly higher mortality risk. Conclusions: This study detected that the best predictors of morbidity and mortality between nutritional and inflammatory markers are phase angle, reactance, creatinine and BMI and that changes in albumin values over six 107 months provide additional prognostic information. The authors believe that parameters of BIA may detect early changes in nutritional status and emphasize that longitudinal studies with larger number of patients are necessary to confirm these data and to recommend BIA as a routine nutritional evaluation in HD patients

Prescrição de exercício físico para mulheres com síndrome dos ovários policísticos: impacto sobre a aptidão cardiorrespiratória e resposta afetiva

analisar o efeito do treinamento aeróbio periodizado sobre a aptidão cardiorrespiratória e respostas afetivas em mulheres com síndrome dos ovários policísticos (SOP) e II) investigar se o exercício aeróbio realizado na zona de prazer para essa população atende a recomendação do American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) no que se refere à intensidade para melhoria da saúde. Metodologia: foram incluídas mulheres na faixa etária entre 18 e 34 anos, com diagnóstico de SOP de acordo com o Consenso de Rotterdam. Para o subestudo I, oito pacientes sedentárias participaram de 16 semanas de treinamento aeróbio com incrementos mensais de intensidade: fase 1 = 60-70% da frequência cardíaca máxima (FCmax); fase 2 = 70-75% da FCmax; fase 3 = 75-80% da FCmax; fase 4 = 80-85% da FCmax. A intervenção foi realizada três vezes por semana, 40 minutos por sessão. Em todas as sessões foram registradas as respostas afetivas (Feeling Scale -5/+5) e a percepção subjetiva do esforço (escala de Borg CR 6-20). Antes e após a intervenção, as voluntárias realizaram teste ergoespirométrico. Para o subestudo II, 11 pacientes realizaram duas sessões de exercício aeróbio na zona de prazer, sendo registrados parâmetros relativos à demanda física através de receptor de GPS (Global Positioning System) de pulso com cardiofrequencímetro acoplado. As pacientes foram instruídas a realizar 40 minutos de exercício guiadas pelas âncoras verbais bom e muito bom (+3 e +5 na Feeling Scale). Resultados: no subestudo I, após 16 semanas de treinamento, houve aumento da aptidão cardiorrespiratória máxima (17,3%) e submáxima (21,5%). As respostas afetivas variaram entre bom (+3,1 ± 0,8) e razoavelmente bom xi (1,0 ± 0,9) e a percepção subjetiva do esforço entre muito leve a leve (10,2 ± 0,7) e um pouco difícil (12,7 ± 0,6) durante a intervenção. No subestudo II, as pacientes exercitaram-se a ~72,5 ± 6% da FC máxima, ~78,5 ± 6% da FC no limiar anaeróbio e passaram > 95% do tempo em intensidade moderada (~82%) e vigorosa (~16%) durante as sessões experimentais. Em média, as voluntárias reportaram as sessões como fácil (percepção subjetiva do esforço da sessão ~2,2 ± 0,7). Conclusões: o programa de treinamento aeróbio periodizado aumentou a aptidão cardiorrespiratória das pacientes analisadas e foi percebido como uma intervenção prazerosa. Adicionalmente, exercício aeróbio realizado de forma prazerosa atende a recomendação do ACSM no que se refere à intensidade para melhoria da saúde

Distúrbios do sono em pacientes com transtorno depressivo

To evaluate sleep disorder complaints in outpatients with depressive disorder from a general hospital. Methods: An observational, cross-sectional study was carried out with a study sample composed of 70 patients (44 women and 26 men) with diagnosis of depressive disorder, according to the DSM-IV criteria. The patients were interviewed and evaluated by the Identification Questionnaire, the Sleep Habits Questionnaire and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Results: In this study, 50 (71.3%) patients had recurrence of sleep disorder complaints. Mean BDI score was 35.83+8.85, with significant differences between patients with (38.50+8.70) and without (29.60+7.80) recurrence (p<0.05) and among patients with 1, 2, 3 and >3 episodes (p<0.05). In this study, 49 (70%) patients had insomnia and 21 (30%) had subjective excessive sleepiness. Significant differences were observed between the mean duration in months of the sleep disorders (7.16+2.10) and the depressive disorder (6.12+1.90) (p<0.05). Discussion: In the study sample, recurrence of sleep disorder complaints was high and significantly associated with severe depression. Insomnia was prevalent and the mean duration of sleep disorders was higher in relation to depressive disorder

Ação da cafeína sobre o rendimento esportivo de ciclistas em condições de calor e umidade

Objetivo: Verificar a ação da cafeína no tempo de rendimento, a taxa de esforço percebido (RPE), os níveis plasmáticos de glicose, sódio e potássio, a temperatura timpânica (Tt), o peso corporal (PC), freqüência cardíaca (FC) e concentração urinária da cafeína com a ingestão de doses de 5 e 9 mg/kg de cafeína e placebo, em provas ciclísticas sob condições de alto risco térmico. Métodos: Foram estudados 8 ciclistas treinados e aclimatizados em 3 provas de 45 km utilizando o modelo experimental e duplo-cego com randomização intra-sujeitos. Resultados: Não foram observadas diferenças significativas entre as variáveis avaliadas, entretanto o tempo de rendimento e a RPE foram menores com as doses de 5 e 9 mg/kg de cafeína que com a dose placebo. Conclusões: Estes dados indicam que as condições de calor e umidade podem ser suficientes para mascarar o benefício ergogênico da cafeína, entretanto deve-se considerar que a cafeína pode exercer influencia sobre a percepção subjetiva de esforço podendo levar à redução dos sinais de fadiga durante o exercício e conseqüente melhora do desempenho esportivo

Análise de depoimentos de mulheres mastectomizadas sobre o câncer de mama

The breast cancer is the most incident neoplasia in Brazilian women, configure as important cause of female death in Brazil. Its magnitude is go to be consider as a disease that go out the biological and numerical, extending of the subjective dimension and interrelationships of society and socials experiences, to into in knowledge and practices. Linking of the growing older process, the breast cancer extend as social, economical and cultural dimensions, madding in plot of socials relationships, through that acquire mean. In the context of the high expectative of live and the high number of older age persons, consider that that the high number of years had lived correspond the exposition of this individuals to corporate of the ambientals aggressions and own processes of human constitution of natural wear, like as chronicle-degenerate disease, the example is cancer. In the perspective, we collected narratives of mastectomies women with 60 age or so, about the breast cancer, the body and the growing older process, had has as objectives to reflexes about relatives questions, the comprehension about cancer, like experience, had lived and mean in the context of action and interaction of mastectomies older women, and to comprehend like women interrelationships and respond the changes that grow up of the disease and the growing older process in the everyday of their lives. Through of the narratives. We know that the disease is an initial information that take a form through successives approximation between women with their reality, since the family from hospital institution. The breast cancer to be continue a disease who cause a lot of apprehension and fear, getting and changing the ill s live as marked form. Have dad the body and the growing older process genteels and redimensions by disease, women need to define news and multiples functions due to the contingency that the disease impose

A construção das representações sociais na relação da polícia militar e a sociedade Aracajuana

In recent years, issues involving public safety have gained more prominence in scientific debates, the media, and common sense, because undoubtedly the feeling of fear and insecurity caused by the increase in violence overall, has spread like construction element of social representations, both in individual levels, as well as collectively. Violence is a social phenomenon existing in human manifestations, from the older societies, ie it was present in all historical periods, but in different ways in the subjective and objective, having had the task of being the central element in modeling process for the formation of individual behavior, both in older societies as in modern society. However, it has a peculiar feature of acquiring new contours to the extent that the individual and collective behaviors are modified in relation individual-violence. In this sense, the institutions that establish the order from the control of violence, have their social representations in the context of social relationships permeated by elements of violence, fear and insecurity, that shift the subjective feeling of insecurity, or existential, for a concrete plan and goal, namely to the level of physical insecurity in daily life in the modern world. The objective of this study was to capture the construction of social representations of the population in Aracaju on the police institution and the figure of the policeman in the contemporary context. We focus our attention only to the institutions of order, which constitute the field of the apparatus of public security and social protection of our state

Da escala médica de saúde à experiência social do saudável :diálogo entre os espaços dos bares e das academias fisiculturistas na cidade do Natal-RN

Currently, we attend a reverence of concepts ahead as health, life, youth and body. In we widen amount the ideals concerned to the healthful life, to the quality of life, the longevity and joviality and the extremities of the body represented by the illness, for the virus infection, the physical deficiency and the aging. Of the historical shades of the plague, of the hunger and the war that gagged the defenseless individual and its body, in the current days we increase the search for a full and powerful life, independent of a religious imaginary to predict the epidemic curse, the threat represented for the sick people and the incarnate divine anger in the death; or of medical science presented in the spaces of the technology and the physiology, being left fragile the social and psychological dimensions of the human confined to the patient issue and, finally, the commanded urban health politics in quantitative goals of hygienic cleaning, of the medical techniques and the education citizen. For beyond these instances, emerges in our days a plural, close and biographical agreement well of the body and welfare. On the other hand, an understanding of the healthful life and well-being that more certifies the presence of something the one that clear landmarks amongst normality and the irregularity, the esteem and the destructive vice: it has a projection of healthful life measures without conceptual models of body and health under the doctor-scientific standard occidental. This thematic one will confide in way to the enclosure for spaces to the muscles and fitness exercises and the bars from the city of Natal, in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, while comprehensive interchange concerning as the individual comes dealing with the notion the body and health and, mainly, if perceiving inside of its body and its health. Amongst these two spaces of typical leisure of the modern urban phenomenon, the hedonism bodily with its muscles and salience and one another form of hedonism in the fruition of allowed drugs will be across itself in a dialogue about which social s relationships are really in game in an imaginary construction amongst an doctor-aesthetic ideal of health and the social and subjective experience in the option for a healthful life