Bioprospecção de polissacarídeos sulfatados de macroalgas marinhas do litoral do Rio Grande do Norte: caracterização de uma heterofucana extraída da alga marron sargassum filipendula que induz apoptose em células hela

The coast of Rio Grande do Norte has more than 100 species of seaweed, mostly unexplored regarding their pharmacological potential. The sulfated polysaccharides (PS) are by far the more seaweed compounds studied, these present a range of biological properties, such as anticoagulant activity, anti-inflammatory, antitumor and antioxidant properties. In this study, we extract sulfated polysaccharide rich-extracts of eleven algae from the coast of Rio Grande do Norte (Dictyota cervicornis; Dictiopterys delicatula; Dictyota menstruallis; Dictyota mertensis; Sargassum filipendula; Spatoglossum schröederi; Gracilaria caudata; Caulerpa cupresoides; Caulerpa prolifera; Caulerpa sertularioides e Codim isthmocladum), and these were evaluated for the potential anticoagulant, antioxidant and antiproliferative. All polysaccharide extracts showed activity for anticoagulant, antioxidant and/or antiproliferative activity, especially D. delicatula and S. filipendula, which showed the most prominent pharmacological potential, thereby being chosen to have their sulfated polysaccharides extracted. By fractionating method were obtained six fractions rich in sulfated polysaccharides to the algae D. delicatula (DD-0,5V, DD-0, 7V, DD-1,0v, DD-1,3v, DD-1,5v and DD-2,0) and five fractions to the alga S. filipendula (SF-0,5V, SF-0,7V, SF-1,0v, SF-1,5v and SF-2,0v). For the anticoagulant assay only the fractions of D. delicatula showed activity, with emphasis on DD-1, 5v that presented the most prominent activity, with APTT ratio similar to clexane® at 0.1 mg/mL. When evaluated the antioxidant potential, all fractions showed potential in all tests (total antioxidant capacity, hydroxyl and superoxide radicals scavenging, ferrous chelation and reducing power), however, the ability to chelate iron ions appears as the main mechanism antioxidant of sulfated polysaccharides from seaweed. In antiproliferative assay, all heterofucanas showed dose-dependent activity for the inhibition of cell proliferation of HeLa, however, with the exception of SF-0,7V, SF- 1,0v and SF-1,5v, all fractions showed antiproliferative activity against MC3T3, a normal cell line. The heterofucana SF-1,5V had its antiproliferative mechanism of action evaluated. This heterofucan induces apoptosis in HeLa cells by a pathway caspase independent, promoting the release of apoptosis Inducing Factor (AIF) in the cytosol, which in turn induces chromatin condensation and DNA fragmentation into 50Kb fragments. These results are significant in that they provide a mechanistic framework for further exploring the use of SF-1.5v as a novel chemotherapeutics against human cervical cancer.

Associação da frequência alélica dos polimorfismos dos genes do sistema renina angiotensina com a força muscular e pressão arterial de idosas

Physiological changes induced by the aging process is dynamic and progressive, reducing the adaptability and independence of older people and may be influenced by genetic and environmental factors. Thus the aim of this thesis was to investigate the association between polymorphism of the ACE gene ID and the phenotypes of muscular strength and blood pressure of 62 elderly Brazilian (67.35 ± 5.66 years) during a 16-week program of supervised training. The elderly women were stratified by age, with the group 1 (G1, n = 34) <70 years and group 2 (G2 n = 28) ≥ 70 years, and in three groups by ACE, ACE-II (n = 8) ACE- DD (n = 35) and ACE-ID (n = 19). The level of muscle strength was evaluated by the method of maximum repetitions and measures of blood pressure (BP) were measured before and after training (PAPré1 and PAPós1) and before and after each training session (PAPre2 and PAPós2), in place of training. DNA samples were isolated from peripheral blood leukocytes polymorphism and insertion / deletion (ID) of the ACE gene (rs1800795) was genotyped by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) plus PCR-confirmatory. The genotype distribution of the polymorphism ID attended the prerogatives of Hardy-Weitíherg. There was variation in power levels before and after training and the age between groups (t-test) and the ACE polymorphism (ANOVA) (p <0.05). Depending on the results it was concluded that resistance training helps to reduce SBP and increased muscle strength of upper and lower limbs when considering the age and ACE polymorphism. In this study the Elderly carriers of the D allele were more reactive to changes in BP resistance training. This study was multidisciplinary project involving researchers in the areas Medical, Physical Education, Pharmacy, Nutrition, Gerontology and Statistics. This fulfilled the requirements of the multidisciplinary Graduate Program in Health Sciences

Medidas de parâmetros morfológicos e funcionais do Coração em brasileiros: um subestudo do primeiro registro multicêntricos latino-americano em ressonância magnética cardiáca

There is no data about cardiac measurements em Brazilians obtained by CMR. This a muldisciplinary study with the objective of obtaining measurements of the left ventricle (LV) and right ventricle (RV) diastolic diameter (Dd), systolic diameter (Ds), diastolic volume (Dv), systolic volume (Sv), ejection fraction (EF) and myocardial mass in Brazilians. One hundred and seven (54 men and 53 women, mean age of 43.4 ± 13.1 years) asymptomatic individuals without heart disease were submitted to cardiac magnetic resonance (cMR) studies using steady state free precession technique. The means and standard deviations of the parameters of the LV and RV were respectively: LVDD = 4,8 ± 0,5 cm; LVSD = 3,0±0,6 cm; LVDV = 128,4±29,6 ml; LVSV = 45,2±16,6 ml; LVEF = 65,5±6,3%; LV mass = 95,2±30,8.1 g; RVDD = 3,9±1,3 cm; RVSD = 2,5±0,5 cm; RVDV = 126,5±30,7 ml; RVSV = 53.6±18,4 ml; RVEF = 58.3±8,0.0% and RV mass = 26,1±6,1 g. The masses and volumes were significantly higher in men, except for the LVSV. The RV EF was significantly higher in women. There was inverse correlation between RV systolic volume and with age, being more significant in men. This study describes for the first time benchmarks for cardiac measurements obtained by CMR among asymptomatic Brazilians individuals without heart disease and demonstrated differences according to sex and age

Eletrofiação e caracterização de membranas biopoliméricas a base de quitosana extraídas dos exoesqueletos de crustáceos

Chitin and chitosan are nontoxic, biodegradable and biocompatible polymers produced by renewable natural sources with applications in diverse areas such as: agriculture, textile, pharmaceutical, cosmetics and biomaterials, such as gels, films and other polymeric membranes. Both have attracted greater interest of scientists and researchers as functional polymeric materials. In this context, the objective of this study was to take advantage of the waste of shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei and Aristeus antennatus) and crabs (Ucides cordatus) from fairs, beach huts and restaurant in Natal/RN for the extraction of chitin and chitosan for the production of membranes by electrospinning process. The extraction was made through demineralization, deproteinization, deodorization and deacetylation. Morphological analyzes (SEM and XRD), Thermal analysis (TG and DTG), Spectroscopy in the Region of the Infrared with Transformed of Fourier (FTIR) analysis Calorimetry Differential Scanning (DSC) and mechanical tests for traction were performed. In (XRD) the semicrystalline structure of chitosan can be verified while the chitin had higher crystallinity. In the thermal analysis showed a dehydration process followed by decomposition, with similar behavior of carbonized material. Chitosan showed temperature of maximum degradation lower than chitin. In the analysis by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) the curves were coherent to the thermal events of the chitosan membranes. The results obtained with (DD) for chitosan extracted from Litopenaeus vannamei and Aristeus antennatus shrimp were (80.36 and 71.00%) and Ucides cordatus crabs was 74.65%. It can be observed that, with 70:30 solutions (v/v) (TFA/DCM), 60 and 90% CH3COOH, occurred better facilitate the formation of membranes, while 100:00 (v/v) (TFA/DCM) had formation of agglomerates. In relation to the monofilaments diameters of the chitosan membranes, it was noted that the capillary-collector distance of 10 cm and tensions of 25 and 30 kV contributed to the reduction of the diameters of membranes. It was found that the Young s modulus decreases with increasing concentration of chitosan in the membranes. 90% CH3COOH contributed to the increase in the deformation resulting in more flexible material. The membranes with 5% chitosan 70:30 (v/v) (TFA/DCM) had higher tensile strength

Sincronização dos ritmos de atividade motora e temperatura central à disponibilidade de glicose em ratos

Food is essential for the survival of all animals. Its temporal availability is an important enviromental cue for the behavioral and physiological organization throughout the 24 hours of day in different species. Rats and mice, for example, show increased locomotion in the hours before food availability when it is presented in a recurrent manner, a behavior named foodanticipatory activity. Several lines of evidence indicate that this anticipation is mediated by a circadian oscillator. In this work, based on the hypothesis that pre- or post-ingestive humoral signals are involved in the entrainment process, we tested whether the daily intake of glucose is sufficient to induce anticipatory activity in rats. The rhythms of motor activity and central temperature were recorded in animals undergoing 10 days of temporal glucose (solution at 50%) or chow restriction in light-dark (LD) and constant darkness (DD). Animals under temporal glucose restriction increase motor activity and and central temperature in the hours preceding glucose availability and such aticipation is extremely similar to that observed in animals under temporal chow restriction. Glucose ingestion is, therefore, a sufficient temporal cue to induce anticipation in rats. It is possible that the increase in plasma glucose after food ingestion constitutes one of the signals involved in the behavioral entrainment process to food availability

Desenvolvimento de um novo complexo macrocíclico do sistema cobalto cyclam

In this work were synthesized and studied the spectroscopic and electrochemical characteristics of the coordination compounds trans-[Co (cyclam)Cl2]Cl, trans- Na[Co(cyclam)(tios)2], trans-[Co(en)2Cl2]Cl and trans-Na[Co(en)2(tios)2], where tios = thiosulfate and en = ethylenediamine. The compounds were characterized by: Elemental Analysis (CHN), Absorption Spectroscopy in the Infrared (IR), Uv-Visible Absorption Spectroscopy, Luminescence Spectroscopy and Electrochemistry (cyclic voltammetry). Elemental Analysis (CHN) suggests the following structures for the complex: trans- [Co(cyclam)Cl2]Cl.6H2O and trans-Na[Co(cyclam)(tios)2].7H2O. The electrochemical analysis, when compared the cathodic potential (Ec) processes of the complexes trans- [Co(cyclam)Cl2]Cl and trans-[Co(en)2Cl2]Cl, indicated a more negative value (-655 mV) for the second complex, suggesting a greater electron donation to the metal center in this complex which can be attributed to a greater proximity of the nitrogen atoms of ethylenediamine in relation to metal-nitrogen cyclam. Due to the effect of setting macrocyclic ring to the metal center, the metal-nitrogen bound in the cyclam are not as close as the ethylenediamine, this fact became these two ligands different. Similar behavior is also observed for complexes in which the chlorides are replaced by thiosulfate ligand, trans-Na[Co(en)2(tios)2] (-640 mV) and trans-Na[Co(cyclam)(tios)2] (-376 mV). In absorption spectroscopy in the UV-visible, there is the band of charge transfer LMCT (ligand p d* the metal) in the trans-Na[Co(cyclam)(tios)2] (350 nm, p tios  d* Co3+) and in the trans-Na[Co(en)2(tios)2] (333 nm, p tios d* Co3+), that present higher wavelength compared to complex precursor trans- [Co(cyclam)Cl2]Cl (318 nm, pCl  d* Co3+), indicating a facility of electron density transfer for the metal in the complex with the thiosulfate ligand. The infrared analysis showed the coordination of the thiosulfate ligand to the metal by bands in the region (620-635 cm-1), features that prove the monodentate coordination via the sulfur atom. The νN-H bands of the complexes with ethylenediamine are (3283 and 3267 cm-1) and the complex with cyclam bands are (3213 and 3133 cm-1). The luminescence spectrum of the trans-Na[Co(cyclam)(tios)2] present charge transfer band at 397 nm and bands dd at 438, 450, 467, 481 and 492 nm.