Efeito de frações obtidas da fucoidana de Fucus vesiculosus em modelo experimental de artrite induzida por Zymosan

The fucoidan from Fucus vesiculosus is known for having diverse biological properties. This study analyzed the therapeutic action of populations of commercial fucoidan (F. vesiculosus) on zymosan-induced arthritis. Three populations of fucoidan were obtained after acetone fractionation; these were denominated F1 (52.3%), F2 (36.7%) and F3 (10.7%). Chemical analyses showed that F1 contained the largest amount of sulfate ion. The electrophoretic profile shows that the commercial or total fucoidan (TF), different from the other fucoidans and from glycosaminoglycan patterns, is quite polydisperse, which indicates that it is composed of a mixture of sulfate polysaccharides. On the other hand, the fucoidans obtained from TF showed only an electrophoretic band with much lower polydispersion than that observed for TF. Fucoidan F2 showed a migration between fucoidans F1 and F3. Owing to the small amount of mass obtained from F3, we used only fucoidans F1 and F2 in the induced arthritis tests. After 1 hour of induction, we administered F1 or F2 (10, 25 and 50 mg/kg i.p.) or diclofenac sodium (10 mg/kg i.p.) or lumiracoxib (5 mg/kg o.a.) or L-NAME (30 mg/kg i.p.). After 6 hours, we performed analyses of cell influx and nitrite levels in addition to histopathological analysis. Fucoidans F1 and F2 were more potent both in decreasing the number of leukocytes and the amount of nitric oxide found in the synovial fluid. This indicates that the anti-inflammatory mechanism of these fucoidans is not only related to selectin block, but also to nitric oxide synthesis inhibition

Avaliação de uma fração polissacaridica da alga Lobophora variegata (Lamouroux) em modelo de artrite induzida em ratos por Zymosan

Fucans seaweed Lobophora variegata estructures are known for their chemical and biological properties. In this study, we analyzed, the action of fucans L. variegata and the fractions purified with acetone in Zymosan-induced arthritis. After differential fractionation with acetone, six fractions were obtained and named F0.3, F0.5, F0.8, F1, F1.5 and F2. The results showed that the fraction F1 showed high yield (51.9%) and was chosen for studies of antioxidant activity and induced arthritis. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) of 13C showed signals at 103.3 and 15.78 ppm that are assigned to links β13 galactose and of the C6 methyl fucose, respectively. The infrared (IR) showed absorbance at 1238 and 850 cm-1 which are attributed to sulfate. The fraction F1 showed antioxidant activities in vitro. For analysis of inflammatory parameters chosen the polysaccharide was administered in different doses (25, 50 and 75 mg / kg ip, per body weight) and diclofenac sodium (5 mg / kg ip) and L-NAME (25 mg / kg ip) in groups of animals (n = 6). After 6 h, were analyzed for cellular influx and levels of nitrite. In experiment five days, were made analysis of swelling and serum TNF-α. Histopathological analysis were performed for confirmation of results. The fraction F1 (25, 50 and 75 mg / kg ip) reduced the cellular influx (52.1 to 96.7%) and nitric oxide levels (27.2 - 39%) compared to control group. The reduction of edema (63.4 - 100%) and serum TNF-α (p <0.001) were observed when the polysaccharide F1 administered at a dose (50 mg / kg) These results suggest that these heterofucanas of Lobophora variegata have besides the activity antioxidant and potential anti-inflammatory activity in arthritis induced by zymosan

Efeito de frações obtidas da fucoidana de Fucus vesiculosus em modelo experimental de artrite induzida por Zymosan

The fucoidan from Fucus vesiculosus is known for having diverse biological properties. This study analyzed the therapeutic action of populations of commercial fucoidan (F. vesiculosus) on zymosan-induced arthritis. Three populations of fucoidan were obtained after acetone fractionation; these were denominated F1 (52.3%), F2 (36.7%) and F3 (10.7%). Chemical analyses showed that F1 contained the largest amount of sulfate ion. The electrophoretic profile shows that the commercial or total fucoidan (TF), different from the other fucoidans and from glycosaminoglycan patterns, is quite polydisperse, which indicates that it is composed of a mixture of sulfate polysaccharides. On the other hand, the fucoidans obtained from TF showed only an electrophoretic band with much lower polydispersion than that observed for TF. Fucoidan F2 showed a migration between fucoidans F1 and F3. Owing to the small amount of mass obtained from F3, we used only fucoidans F1 and F2 in the induced arthritis tests. After 1 hour of induction, we administered F1 or F2 (10, 25 and 50 mg/kg i.p.) or diclofenac sodium (10 mg/kg i.p.) or lumiracoxib (5 mg/kg o.a.) or L-NAME (30 mg/kg i.p.). After 6 hours, we performed analyses of cell influx and nitrite levels in addition to histopathological analysis. Fucoidans F1 and F2 were more potent both in decreasing the number of leukocytes and the amount of nitric oxide found in the synovial fluid. This indicates that the anti-inflammatory mechanism of these fucoidans is not only related to selectin block, but also to nitric oxide synthesis inhibition

Avaliação das propriedades farmacológicas de polissacarídeos do fungo Scleroderma nitidum

Several pharmacological properties have been attributed to isolated compounds from mushroom. Recently, have these compounds, especially the polysaccharides derived from mushrooms, modulate the immune system, and its antitumor, antiviral, antibiotic and antiinflammatory activities. This study assesses the possible pharmacological properties of the polysaccharides from Scleroderma nitidum mushroom. The centesimal composition of the tissue showed that this fungus is composed mainly of fibers (35.61%), ash (33.69%) and carbohydrates (25.31%). The chemical analysis of the polysaccharide fraction showed high levels of carbohydrates (94.71%) and low content of protein (5.29%). These polysaccharides are composed of glucose, galactose, mannose and fucose in the following molar ratios 0.156, 0.044, 0.025, 0.066 and the infrared analysis showed a possible polysaccharide-protein complex. The polysaccharides from Scleroderma nitidum showed antioxidant potential with concentration-dependent antioxidant activity compared to ascorbic acid. The analysis scavenging of superoxide radical and inhibition of lipid peroxidation showed that the polysaccharides from S. nitidum have an IC50 of 12.70 mg/ml and EC50 10.4 μg/ml, respectively. The antioxidant activity was confirmed by the presence of reducing potential of these polysaccharides. The effect of these polymers on the inflammatory process was tested using the carrageenan or histamine-induced paw edema model and the sodium thioglycolate or zymosan-induced model. The polysaccharides were effective in reducing edema (73% at 50 mg/kg) and cell infiltrate (37% at 10 mg/kg) in both inflammation models tested. Nitric oxide, a mediator in the inflammatory process, showed a reduction of around 26% at 10 mg/kg of body weight. Analysis of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines showed that in the groups treated with polysaccharides from S. nitidum there was an increase in cytokines such as IL-1ra, IL-10, and MIP-1β concomitant with the decrease in INF-γ (75%) and IL-2 (22%). We observed the influence of polysaccharides on the modulation of the expression of nuclear factor κB. Thus, polysaccharides from S. nitidum reduced the expression of NF-κB by up to 64%. The results obtained suggest that NF-κB modulation is one of the possible mechanisms that explain the anti-inflammatory effect of polysaccharides from the fungus S. nitidum.

Efeito do Fucoidam de Fucus vesiculosus em um modelo experimental de artrite reumatóide

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is systemic auto imune disorder. It is caracterized by chronic inflammation of joints leading to progressive erosion of cartilage and bone. We investigated the effect of the administration of fucoidan, sulfated polysaccharides, from algae Fucus vesiculosus in the acute (6h) in zymosan-induced arthritis (AZy). Wistar rats (180-230 g) were used for all groups experimental. Non-treated animals received just intraarticular injection of 1 mg the zymosan, control group received intraarticular injection of 50 µL the saline, groups received either fucoidan of Fucus vesiculosus (15, 30, 50 or 70 mg/Kg) or parecoxib (1 mg/Kg) 1 hour after injection of zymosan. After 6 h, the articular exudates were collected for evaluation of the cell influx and nitrite (Griess reaction) release. The sinovial membranes and articular cartilages were excised for histopathological analysis and by determination of the glycosaminoglycan (GAG), respectively. ZyA led to increased NO and cell influx into the joints. Therapeutic administration of the fucoidan or parecoxib did significantly inhibited the cell influx and the synovitis, as compared to non-treated rats (p<0,05), though being able to reduced NO release. Representative agarose gel electrophoresis of the GAGs, the content of condroitin-sulphate was observed during the process. These findings suggest that the fucoidan from Fucus vesiculosus has potential anti-inflammatory activity

Efeito antiinflamatório de fucana extraída da alga Parda spatoglossum schroederii em modelos experimentais de Peritonite, choque não séptico e colite

Fucans is a name used for sulfated polysaccharides, which is most characteristic structure of the presence of sulfated L-fucose, are found in brown seaweed (Phaeophyceae) and echinoderms (sea urchins and sea cucumbers). These polysaccharides have been reported to possess anticoagulant, antitumor, anti-viral, anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory activities. Therefore, in the present study was evaluate the effect of the fucan from the brown seaweed Spatoglossum schroederii in models of peritonitis and non-septic shock induced by zymosan, as well as in a murine model of colitis induces by DSS. So, the mice treatment by intravenous route with the fucan was able to reduce the exudate formation and the cell migration in the model of acute peritonitis induced by zymosan during the kinetic of 6, 24 and 48 hours. Similarly, in the model of non-septic shock induced by zymosan the fucan demonstrated a protector effect to inhibited the cellular migration to the peritoneo, to decrease the levels of IL-6 in the serum and in the peritoneal exudate, to attenuate the lose of weight in the mice; beside to reduce the serum levels of hepatic transaminases and as well as the liver injury. In the model of murine colitis, the treatment with the fucan reduced the lose of weight of the animals, decreased the levels of IL-17 and IFN- produced in the gut and decrease the intestinal lesion induced by DSS. In conclusion, the fucan used in this study presented a significant protector effect in the murine models of inflammation

Efeito de extratos da alga marinha caulerpa mexicana em modelos de inflamação em murinos

The regulation of the inflammatory response is essential to maintain homeostasis. Several studies have been performed to search new drugs that can contribute to avoiding or minimizing an excessive inflammatory process. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of extracts of green algae Caulerpa mexican in models of inflammation. In mice, the model of peritonitis induced inflammatory zymosan pretreatment of mice with aqueous and methanol extracts of C. mexican was able to reduce cell migration to the peritoneal cavity. Treatment of mice with extracts of C. mexican also reduced the ear edema induced by xylene and exerted inhibitory action on the migration of leukocytes in inflammation-induced zymosan the air pouch, and timedependent for the extracts tested in the model of ulcerative colitis induced by DSS 3%, the extract methanol, but not the aqueous C. mexican, significantly reduced the clinical symptoms of colitis, as well as the production of proinflammatory cytokines in the culture of mouse colon, in the histological analysis there was a slight reduction of inflammation in the intestinal mucosa. We concluded that the administration of the extracts resulted in the reduction of cell migration to different sites as well as reducing the edema formation induced by chemical irritant. This study demonstrates for the first time the antiinflammatory effect of aqueous and methanolic extracts from green marine algae Caulerpa mexican

Avaliação da atividade anti-inflamatória do extrato aquoso, frações e compostos identificados nos frutos de Hancornia Speciosa Gomes (Apocynaceae)

Hancornia speciosa Gomes (Apocynaceae), popularly known as ‘mangabeira’, has been used in folk medicine to treat inflammatory disorders, hypertension, dermatitis, diabetes, liver diseases and stomach disorders. Regarding the Hancornia speciosa fruits, the ethnobotany indicates its use especially for treating inflammation and tuberculosis. However, no study has been done so far to prove such biological activities. The objective was evaluation anti-inflammatory activity from the fruits of Hancornia speciosa Gomes (mangabeira). Aqueous extract was prepared by decoction, subsequently submitted the liquid-liquid fractionation. The secondary metabolites were identified by high performance liquid chromatography coupled with detector diode array (HPLC-DAD) and liquid chromatography diode array detector coupled with mass spectrometry (LC-DAD-MS). The anti-inflammatory properties of the aqueous extract, dichloromethane (CH2Cl2), ethyl acetate (EtOAc) and n-butanol (n-BuOH) fractions of the fruits from H. speciosa, as well as rutin and chlorogenic acid were investigated using in vitro and in vivo models. In vivo tests comprised the xylene-induced ear edema that was measured the formation of edema, carrageenan-induced peritonitis was evaluated the total leukocytes at 4h and zymosan-induced air pouch was measured the total leukocytes and differential cell count at 6, 24 and 48 hours, whereas in vitro tests were evaluated levels of cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12 and TNF-α using ELISA obtained of carrageenan-induced peritonitis model. The results showed the presence of rutin and chlorogenic acid were detected in the aqueous extract from H. speciosa fruits by HPLC-DAD and LC-DAD-ME. Furthermore, the aqueous extracts and fractions, as well as rutin and chlorogenic acid significantly inhibited the xilol-induced ear edema and reduced cell migration in the animal models such as carrageenan-induced peritonitis and zymosan-induced air pouch. In addition, reduced levels of cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12 and TNF-α were observed. This is the first study that demonstrated the anti-inflammatory effect of aqueous extract from Hancornia speciosa fruits against different inflammatory agents in animal models, suggesting that their bioactive molecules, especially rutin and chlorogenic acid contributing, at least in part, to the anti-inflammatory effect of aqueous extract. These findings support the widespread use of Hancornia speciosa in popular medicine and demonstrate that this aqueous extract has therapeutic potential for the development of a herbal drugs with anti-inflammatory properties.

Avaliação das propriedades farmacológicas de polissacarídeos do fungo Scleroderma nitidum

Several pharmacological properties have been attributed to isolated compounds from mushroom. Recently, have these compounds, especially the polysaccharides derived from mushrooms, modulate the immune system, and its antitumor, antiviral, antibiotic and antiinflammatory activities. This study assesses the possible pharmacological properties of the polysaccharides from Scleroderma nitidum mushroom. The centesimal composition of the tissue showed that this fungus is composed mainly of fibers (35.61%), ash (33.69%) and carbohydrates (25.31%). The chemical analysis of the polysaccharide fraction showed high levels of carbohydrates (94.71%) and low content of protein (5.29%). These polysaccharides are composed of glucose, galactose, mannose and fucose in the following molar ratios 0.156, 0.044, 0.025, 0.066 and the infrared analysis showed a possible polysaccharide-protein complex. The polysaccharides from Scleroderma nitidum showed antioxidant potential with concentration-dependent antioxidant activity compared to ascorbic acid. The analysis scavenging of superoxide radical and inhibition of lipid peroxidation showed that the polysaccharides from S. nitidum have an IC50 of 12.70 mg/ml and EC50 10.4 μg/ml, respectively. The antioxidant activity was confirmed by the presence of reducing potential of these polysaccharides. The effect of these polymers on the inflammatory process was tested using the carrageenan or histamine-induced paw edema model and the sodium thioglycolate or zymosan-induced model. The polysaccharides were effective in reducing edema (73% at 50 mg/kg) and cell infiltrate (37% at 10 mg/kg) in both inflammation models tested. Nitric oxide, a mediator in the inflammatory process, showed a reduction of around 26% at 10 mg/kg of body weight. Analysis of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines showed that in the groups treated with polysaccharides from S. nitidum there was an increase in cytokines such as IL-1ra, IL-10, and MIP-1β concomitant with the decrease in INF-γ (75%) and IL-2 (22%). We observed the influence of polysaccharides on the modulation of the expression of nuclear factor κB. Thus, polysaccharides from S. nitidum reduced the expression of NF-κB by up to 64%. The results obtained suggest that NF-κB modulation is one of the possible mechanisms that explain the anti-inflammatory effect of polysaccharides from the fungus S. nitidum.

Efeito do Fucoidam de Fucus vesiculosus em um modelo experimental de artrite reumatóide

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is systemic auto imune disorder. It is caracterized by chronic inflammation of joints leading to progressive erosion of cartilage and bone. We investigated the effect of the administration of fucoidan, sulfated polysaccharides, from algae Fucus vesiculosus in the acute (6h) in zymosan-induced arthritis (AZy). Wistar rats (180-230 g) were used for all groups experimental. Non-treated animals received just intraarticular injection of 1 mg the zymosan, control group received intraarticular injection of 50 µL the saline, groups received either fucoidan of Fucus vesiculosus (15, 30, 50 or 70 mg/Kg) or parecoxib (1 mg/Kg) 1 hour after injection of zymosan. After 6 h, the articular exudates were collected for evaluation of the cell influx and nitrite (Griess reaction) release. The sinovial membranes and articular cartilages were excised for histopathological analysis and by determination of the glycosaminoglycan (GAG), respectively. ZyA led to increased NO and cell influx into the joints. Therapeutic administration of the fucoidan or parecoxib did significantly inhibited the cell influx and the synovitis, as compared to non-treated rats (p<0,05), though being able to reduced NO release. Representative agarose gel electrophoresis of the GAGs, the content of condroitin-sulphate was observed during the process. These findings suggest that the fucoidan from Fucus vesiculosus has potential anti-inflammatory activity