O dumping ambiental no setor sucroalcooleiro à luz do princípio da livre concorrência

The goal of this study is to investigate about the existence or absence of environmental dumping in the production of fuel ethanol in Brazil, as well as identifying the reasons why the figure of ecological dumping is pernicious to the principles enumerated in constitutional economic order, in particular the principle of free competition. In the twenty-first century environmental issues gained momentum and importance in these terms, which was seen as a mere fallacy given the concern of governments of various countries, after all, environmental protection shows up as the only means of bringing about the maintenance of life at planet. Indeed, it is essential to halt the drastic effects of climate change, and think fast and efficient solutions. Undoubtedly, the contemporary requirements that resulted in the transition to a new economy brings with it the duty of enterprise search for sustainability, and this behavior can not be passive, otherwise it is imperative to work hard and incessant economic agents, even if initially costs are high, this step will ensure a production accountable, transparent and free from accusations of environmental degradation. It is also intended to study the importance of the sector not only as a source of economic growth, but mainly, its contribution to national development, without forgetting that this is devoted in the Constitution of 1988 as one of the objectives of the Federative Republic of Brazil. In fact, the criticism most common perceptions about the production of biofuels, said the interests of the countries producing them in large scale, will eventually generate a exhaustion of soil and a significant increase in food prices. However, the ethanol produced in Brazil is unique in that it is produced from cane sugar, a product is not intended for human or animal, not to mention that the recovery of land just to the rotation with the planting other cultures. It is expected that environmental certifications are useful to demonstrate the quality of ethanol for export and to refute unfounded criticism. Finally, this study will be analyzed further solutions for the plants to develop an economic activity without damaging the environment and in compliance with Brazilian law

Análise do Comportamento Mecânico de Concretos Produzidos com Incorporação de Cinza do Bagaço da Cana-de-Açúcar de Variedades SP911049, RB92579 E SP816949

Concrete is the second most consumed product in the world and the incorporation of the Sugar Bagasse Ash (SBA) into this material can provide solutions for the utilization of by-products from other industries, thus reducing the environmental impact. The general aim of this dissertation focuses on analyzing the mechanical behavior of concrete with addition of SBA from three different species of sugar cane, through tests of consistency, compressive strength, porosity, absorption, voids and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Were prepared 13 specimens for each specific pattern and level of incorporation of SBA (10%, 20% and 30%) of the three varieties collected, totaling 130 samples of concrete. The trait was employed 1:2:3 (cement: sand: aggregates) in relation to the cement mass with a water / cement ratio of 0.532 and 1% additive Tec 400 Mult also based on the weight of cement. According to the results obtained in this study, it was concluded that the variety of cane sugar, used in the production of the CBC, influenced the mechanical behavior of the resulting concrete. All concrete with addition of SBA, reported a reduction of at least 10% in the properties related to permeability and an increase in the compressive strength of at least 16% compared to standard concrete at 28 days

Avaliação do concreto de cimento portland com resíduo da produção de scheelita em substituição ao agregado miúdo

From the 70`s, with the publication of the Manifesto for Environment UN Conference, held in Stockholm, in Sweden (1972), defend and improve the environment became part of our daily lives. Thus, several studies have emerged in several segments in order to reuse the waste. Some examples of waste incorporated in portland cement concrete are: rice husk ash, bagasse ash of cane sugar, powder-stone, microsilica, tire rubber, among others. This research used the residue of the mining industry Scheelite, to evaluate the incorporation of the residue composition of Portland cement concrete, replacing the natural sand. The percentage of residue were incorporated from 0% to 100%, with a variation of 10%, 11 being produced concrete mix in the ratio 1:2:3:0.60, by mass. We evaluated the following characteristics of concrete: slump test, compressive strength, tensile strength by diametral compression, water absorption, porosity and density, based on the ABNT, through tests performed in the Laboratory of Civil Construction, UFRN. The trace with the addition of 60% scheelite residue was obtained which better performance. Therefore, the use of the waste from the production of Scheelite is feasible due to the durability parameters (water absorption and porosity), sustainability, and the good results of the resistance of the concrete

Competitividade dos produtores rurais de cana-de-açúcar da região agreste do Rio Grande do Norte

Deregulation of the sugar-alcohol sector in the 90s meant that agribusiness firms begin a process of reorganization of their production structures to enhance their abilities to become competitive in the new scenario. This study aims to examine the Production Chain of Sugar cane in Agreste region of Rio Grande do Norte, with studies to contribute to the competitiveness of farmers giving grants for planning and implementing policies, programs and projects, public and / or private. The method used in the study was researching the literature on the history of sugar cane in Brazil, agribusiness management, production chains and competitiveness, in field research used a questionnaire to collect information from farmers. It is concluded that the rural producers of cane sugar in newborns are not competitive and therefore it is necessary policies and / or for private gain in competitiveness of producers and consequently the production chain. It is hoped that the study serves as a subsidy for those policies proposição

Aproveitamento de resíduos de cinza da cana de açúcar em massas cerâmicas

This study aimed to investigate the use of cane sugar ashes from small-scale stills of Eunápolis region, state of Bahia, in pottery mass that can be developed as porcelain stoneware. Bahia is the second largest producer of rum distillery in Brazil. In the production of rum is produced residue called bagasse, which is used to generate electricity in Power plants and in the distillery itself, generating ashes as residue, which is played in nature, causing environmental damage. We studied 5 (five) formulations of 0% 10% 20%, 30% and 40% by weight of the ash, without ignition and 3 (three) formulations of 10%, 20% and 30% with gray ash temperature of 1250ºC. The formulation at 0% by weight of ash was used for a comparison between the traditional mass of porcelain stoneware and the masses with the addition of ash calcined, replacing feldspar. The percentage by weight of kaolin and of Clay was kept the same, 30%, and all raw materials were derived from the state of Bahia. The samples were made in uniaxial array with dimensions of (60 x 20 x 5) mm and compressed to a pressure of 45 MPa. Assays were performed to characterize the raw by X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, ATD and ATG and Dilatometric analysis. The samples were sintered at temperatures of 1100°C, 1150°C, 1200°C and 1250°C, for the specimens with the ashes without ash and 1150° C and 1200° C for specimens with the gray level of calcined 60 minutes. and then we made a cooling ramp with the same rate of warming until reach ambient temperature. The sintered bodies were characterized by water absorption, porosity, linear shrinkage, bending strength and XRD of the fracture surface and the results analyzed. It was proven, after results of tests performed, that it is possible to use the ash residue of sugar cane bagasse on ceramic coating with the addition of up to 10% wt of the residue ash

Estudo da introdução de resíduo de britagem de rocha calcária e cinza de biomassa de cana-de-açúcar em formulações de argamassas colantes

The adhesive mortars are a mixture of cement, sand, and additives to polymers that retain the mixing water and promotes adherence, being used in setting on various ceramic substrates. The sand used in the production of these mortars is from the riverbeds, and with the increasing restriction of these sands extraction by environmental agencies, and often having to be transported over long distances to the consumer center. This work aims to design and physical and mechanical characterization of ecological adhesive mortar with total replacement of natural sand by sand from the crushing of limestone, and the addition of mineral ash biomass of cane sugar in partial replacement cement used in the production of adhesive mortar , aiming compositions that meet the regulatory specifications for use adhesive mortar. Standardized tests to determine the tensile bond strength (NBR 14081-4), determination of open time (NBR 14081-3) and determination of slip (NBR 14081-5) were performed. Were also conducted trials squeeze flow in different formulation, the mortar with addition of 15 % gray biomass of cane sugar for cement mortars as well as the total replacement of natural sand by sand limestone crushing, got the best performance among the mortars studied, it was found that the addition of biomass to replace cement is perfectly feasible due to its pozzolanic activity, which contributed to this reduction in the cement matrix formation of adhesive mortar

A reprodução do espaço da pequena produção rural familiar em Canguaretama/RN

This study aimed to explore the process of reproduction of space from the small family farm production in the municipality of Canguaretama, specifically focused on foodstuffs of plant origin, seeking to understand the changes in agrarian space canguaretamense and its impact on small family farms the last 35 years. Since colonization, during the seventeenth century, the production of space agrarian Canguaretama was founded under a structure based on large ownership and cultivation of cane sugar. Secondly, it was being built a small space reserved for food production to meet both the consumption of property, but also for local marketing. In the centuries following the changes in the capitalist system imposed a new dynamic for small food production, mostly in the early twentieth century, with processing plants and mills in the area extending toward the cultivation of sugarcane. In the second half of that century, mainly in the 1980s, the cultivation of cane sugar was encouraged to produce alcohol, which led to a further expansion of sugar cane toward the areas targeted for the production of foodstuffs. Currently, the framework of small food production differs little from the period of colonization in relation to the difficulties faced by this segment of agriculture. Thus, we have a reality based on socio-spatial inequality, and the near absence of the Government, which requires urgent implementation of public policies for the production and organization of small producers into associations or cooperatives to improve the productivity and hence in their standards of living and their families

Tecnologia mais limpa para produção de mel seco de cana e sua inclusão em rações de frangos de corte

This study analyzed the effects of adding dry sugar cane molasses (MSC) to the feed of broiler chickens, and determining the economic feasibility of use of this type of diet; 240 male Ross race broiler chickens, one day in age, were utilized in this study. The experimental desing was a completely randomized whit 6 treatments and 4 replications, in 24 portions of 10 birds per parcel. The treatments corresponded to 6 rations (T1-T6) in phase initial (1-21 days) and 6 rations (T1-T6) in phasem finish (22-42 days) characterized by substitution of corn meal in levels increase 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 e 25% by the molasse dried sugar-cane. The birds received water and free ration during the whole creation phase, being the iso-proteins and iso-calories rations. The variance analysis showed the 1 a 21 days significant differences for average gain weight (P<0,05), average consumption of ration (P<0,05) and average alimentary conversion (P<0,05) and the 22 a 42 days, the analysis of variance showed significant differences for gain in weight (P<0,01) and average alimentary conversion (P<0,05). There no difference significant on average consumption of ration (P>0,05) the 22 a 42 days of age. Results showed out that is possible to use molasse dried sugar-cane up to 8,3 % in broilers ration. It was concluded the level of 8,3 % of addition gave the best economical returns in the experimental conditions

Caldo de cana desidratado na ração de codornas de corte

In order to evaluate the effect of levels of dehydrated cane juice sugar (DCJS) (0.0, 1.5, 3.0 and 4.5%) in the diet of European quail (Coturnix coturnix coturnix) on performance on performance, carcass characteristics and economical at 22 days of age indices, 192 quails cutting, were distributed in a completely randomized design with four treatments and six replicates of eight birds each There was no significant difference to the performance of quail in any of the periods. Quadratic effects of levels of DCJS on carcass weight (y = 173.71 + 4.2767x – 1.2644x², R² = 0.99), thigh-thigh more about (y = 36,055 + 1,1263x – 0,2256x², R² = 0.91) and abdominal fat (y = 3,3295 - + 0.8903x 0,19x2, R ² = 0,97) where the optimum levels were estimated 1,69; 2.50 and 2.34%, respectively. There was a linear effect descending of DCJS levels on weight breast with skin (y = 66.267 – 0.5653x, R² = 0.83) and without skin (y = 60.286 – 0.7193x, R² = 0.58). In economic analysis, one can observe higher profit to the producer with the use of conventional feed. However, between the levels of inclusion of sugar cane juice is observed that the level of 1.5% DCJS obtained the best results in economic analysis, obtaining only a difference of relative gross margin of 0.47% compared to conventional. It is recommended 1.69 and 2.50% DCJS for higher carcass, thigh + drumstick weight and lower percentage of abdominal fat quails, respectively.