A relação entre memória de trabalho e competência leitora em crianças em risco de transtorno de aprendizagem do Projeto Acerta: um estudo exploratório

Reading and writing are essential rights, which involve individual and social aspects; in addition, these skills are important when it comes to socio economic and political development, critical thinking and an active participation in society (UNESCO 2005). From a neurobiological standpoint, our brain is not prepared for reading, and this practice must be deliberately acquired via instructional guidance (DEHAENE 2009). However, reading disorders and deficits within executive functions, such as low working memory capacity, can make reading arduous. The aim of this study is to investigate the development of reading skills within 45 third grade students from public schools in the city of Natal – RN and its connection to working memory capacity, through information gathered from the Provinha Brasil, data generated from working memory tasks (Portuguese version of AWMA - Automated Working Memory Assessment) and fluid intelligence measures RAVEN. Based on this main objective, we attempted to answer the following research questions: (a) What are the correlations between working memory and reading scores?; (b) What characterizes the relationship between working memory capacity and the risk of reading disabilities amongst the participants in this study?; Following a quantitative research methodology, the Provinhas Brasil from 3rd grade students belonging to the six public schools members of Project ACERTA - Avaliação de Crianças em Risco de Transtornos de Aprendizagem (CAPES/OBEDUC)- were analyzed and compared to the scores from the working memory tests and the fluid intelligence ones. Results indicate that reading skills within children at risk of reading disabilities are directly linked to working memory capacity, especially with regards to the phonological component. It is also evident that the participants with less working memory capacity show more difficulties in the reading abilities that demand interpretation skills. Thus, we intend to contribute to the discussion regarding the diagnosis of reading disabilities and possible intervention strategies.

A relação entre memória de trabalho e competência leitora em crianças em risco de transtorno de aprendizagem do Projeto Acerta: um estudo exploratório

Reading and writing are essential rights, which involve individual and social aspects; in addition, these skills are important when it comes to socio economic and political development, critical thinking and an active participation in society (UNESCO 2005). From a neurobiological standpoint, our brain is not prepared for reading, and this practice must be deliberately acquired via instructional guidance (DEHAENE 2009). However, reading disorders and deficits within executive functions, such as low working memory capacity, can make reading arduous. The aim of this study is to investigate the development of reading skills within 45 third grade students from public schools in the city of Natal – RN and its connection to working memory capacity, through information gathered from the Provinha Brasil, data generated from working memory tasks (Portuguese version of AWMA - Automated Working Memory Assessment) and fluid intelligence measures RAVEN. Based on this main objective, we attempted to answer the following research questions: (a) What are the correlations between working memory and reading scores?; (b) What characterizes the relationship between working memory capacity and the risk of reading disabilities amongst the participants in this study?; Following a quantitative research methodology, the Provinhas Brasil from 3rd grade students belonging to the six public schools members of Project ACERTA - Avaliação de Crianças em Risco de Transtornos de Aprendizagem (CAPES/OBEDUC)- were analyzed and compared to the scores from the working memory tests and the fluid intelligence ones. Results indicate that reading skills within children at risk of reading disabilities are directly linked to working memory capacity, especially with regards to the phonological component. It is also evident that the participants with less working memory capacity show more difficulties in the reading abilities that demand interpretation skills. Thus, we intend to contribute to the discussion regarding the diagnosis of reading disabilities and possible intervention strategies.

Efeitos de diferentes tipos estressores sobre a memória e aprendizagem de ratas

The exposure to stressors produces physiological changes of the organism in order to adapt the individual to the environment. Depending on the type, intensity and duration, stress can affect some cognitive functions, particularly processes of learning and memory. Several studies have also proposed that some level of anxiety would be necessary for memory formation. In this context, memories of previously aversive experiences may determine the manner and intensity with which are expressed fear responses, which explains the great interest in analyzing both anxiety and memory in animals. In addition, males and females demonstrate different reactions in relation to stressful stimuli, showing different levels of anxiety and differences in processing of the acquisition, retention and recall of information. Based on this information, the present study aimed to verify the effect of stress on learning, memory and anxiety behavioral parameters in rats exposed at different types of stressors of long duration (seven consecutive days): restraint (4h/day), overcrowding (18h/day) and social isolation (18h/day) in the different phases of the estrous cycle. Our results showed that the stress induced by restraint and social isolation did not cause changes in the acquisition process, but impaired the recall of memory in rats. Furthermore, it is suggested a protective effect of sex hormones on retrieval of aversive memory, since female rats in proestrus or estrus phase, characterized by high estrogen concentrations, showed no aversive memory deficits. Furthermore, despite the increased plasma levels of corticosterone observed in female rats subjected to restraint stress and social isolation, anxiety levels were unaltered, compared to those various stress conditions. Animal models based on psychological and social stress have been extensively discussed in the literature. Correlate behavioral responses, physiological and psychological have contributed in increasing the understanding of stress-induced psychophysiological disorders

Atividade eletroencefalográfica de pacientes com acidente vascular cerebral na aprendizagem motora de um jogo baseado em realidade virtual

Stroke is the leading cause of long-term disability among adults and motor relearning is essential in motor sequelae recovery. Therefore, various techniques have been proposed to achieve this end, among them Virtual Reality. The aim of the study was to evaluate electroencephalographic activity of stroke patients in motor learning of a virtual reality-based game. The study included 10 patients with chronic stroke, right-hande; 5 with left brain injury (LP), mean age 48.8 years (± 4.76) and 5 with injury to the right (RP), mean age 52 years (± 10.93). Participants were evaluated for electroencephalographic (EEG) activity and performance while performing 15 repetitions of darts game in XBOX Kinect and also through the NIHSS, MMSE, Fugl-Meyer and the modified Ashworth scale. Patients underwent a trainning with 45 repetitions of virtual darts game, 12 sessions in four weeks. After training, patients underwent reassessment of EEG activity and performance in virtual game of darts (retention). Data were analyzed using ANOVA for repeated measures. According to the results, there were differences between the groups (PD and PE) in frequencies Low Alpha (p = 0.0001), High Alpha (p = 0.0001) and Beta (p = 0.0001). There was an increase in alpha activation powers and a decrease in beta in the phase retention of RP group. In LP group was observed increased alpha activation potency, but without decrease in beta activation. Considering the asymmetry score, RP group increased brain activation in the left hemisphere with the practice in the frontal areas, however, LP group had increased activation of the right hemisphere in fronto-central areas, temporal and parietal. As for performance, it was observed a decrease in absolute error in the game for RP group between assessment and retention (p = 0.015), but this difference was not observed for LP group (p = 0.135). It follows then that the right brain injury patients benefited more from darts game training in the virtual environment with respect to the motor learning process, reducing neural effort in ipsilesionais areas and errors with the practice of the task. In contrast, patients with lesions in left hemisphere decrease neural effort in contralesionais areas important for motor learning and showed no performance improvements with practice of 12 sessions of virtual dart game. Thus, the RV can be used in rehabilitation of stroke patients upper limb, but the laterality of the injury should be considered in programming the motor learning protocol.

Identificando práticas musicais e processos de aprendizagem musical no contexto urbano de Montes Claros-MG

MENDES,Jean Joubert Freitas; BRITO,Leila de Jesus Ferreira de;CARMO, Raiana Alves Maciel Leal do. Identificando práticas musicais e processos de aprendizagem musical no contexto urbano de Montes Claros-MG. In: ENCONTRO DA ASSOCIAÇAO NACIONAL DE PESQUISA E POS-GRADUAÇAO EM MUSICA (ANPPOM), 17.,2007, Sao Paulo. Anais... Sao Paulo: ANPPOM, 2007.

Diagnóstico de enfermagem: estratégia educativa fundamentada na aprendizagem baseada em problemas

Este estudo teve por objetivo avaliar a eficácia de uma estratégia de ensino sobre diagnósticos de enfermagem, fundamentada na aprendizagem, baseada em problemas no desempenho do raciocínio clínico e julgamento diagnóstico dos discentes de graduação. É estudo experimental, realizado em duas fases: validação de conteúdo dos problemas e aplicação da estratégia educativa. Os resultados mostraram melhora na capacidade de agrupamento dos dados dos discentes do grupo experimental. Conclui-se que houve influência positiva da estratégia implementada

Análise do processo de aprendizagem e alfabetização científica sobre a evolução dos veterbrados em um museu de ciências

Os museus como centros de ciências, enquanto espaços de educação não formal podem, por meio da participação ativa do público, promover a compreensão da ciência ao aguçar a curiosidade do indivíduo e estimular o prazer pela descoberta. Ação desenvolvida como intervenção acadêmica, social e cultural associada ao PIBID/UFRN/Biologia, tem como objetivo avaliar o uso de espaço de ensino não formal, na aprendizagem de conceitos, promovendo a alfabetização científica através de uma exposição em um museu de ciências e morfológicas. A visitação foi realizada no Museu de Ciências Morfológicas da UFRN, com alunos do 1º ano do ensino médio da escola Estadual Lourdes Guilherme, sendo aplicados questionários de pré e pós-visita sobre a Evolução dos Vertebrados, com intuito de analisar a contribuição do museu na aprendizagem destes conteúdos. A porcentagem de acertos no questionário pré-visita variou entre 8 e 68% em relação ao conhecimento geral dos alunos quanto à evolução dos vertebrados, enquanto no pós-visita essa variação foi de 16 a 90%. Com base nesses primeiros resultados verificamos o quanto os museus interativos de ciência se apresentam como um espaço educativo complementar à educação formal, possibilitando a ampliação e a melhoria do conhecimento científico de estudantes. Isso demonstra que o uso de espaços não formais contribui para a aprendizagem significativa, além de promover a alfabetização científica destes alunos ao gerar a compreensão da ciência e aguçar a curiosidade dos mesmos para o prazer da descoberta.

Aceitação e uso de ambiente virtual de aprendizagem no contexto de um curso de capacitação para servidores públicos

This study aimed to examine how students perceives the factors that may influence them to attend a training course offered in the distance virtual learning environment (VLE) of the National School of Public Administration (ENAP). Thus, as theoretical basis it was used the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT), the result of an integration of eight previous models which aimed to explain the same phenomenon (acceptance/use of information technology). The research approach was a quantitative and qualitative. To achieve the study objectives were made five semi-structured interviews and an online questionnaire (websurvey) in a valid sample of 101 public employees scattered throughout the country. The technique used to the analysis of quantitative data was the structural equation modeling (SEM), by the method of Partial Least Square Path Modeling (PLS-PM). To qualitative data was the thematic content analysis. Among the results, it was found that, in the context of public service, the degree whose the individual believes that the use of an AVA will help its performance at work (performance expectancy) is a factor to its intended use and also influence its use. Among the results, it was found that the belief which the public employee has in the use of a VLE as a way to improve the performance of his work (performance expectation) was determinant for its intended use that, in turn, influenced their use. It was confirmed that, under the voluntary use of technology, the general opinion of the student s social circle (social influence) has no effect on their intention to use the VLE. The effort expectancy and facilitating conditions were not directly related to the intended use and use, respectively. However, emerged from the students speeches that the opinions of their coworkers, the ease of manipulate the VLE, the flexibility of time and place of the distance learning program and the presence of a tutor are important to their intentions to do a distance learning program. With the results, it is expected that the managers of the distance learning program of ENAP turn their efforts to reduce the impact of the causes of non-use by those unwilling to adopt voluntarily the e-learning, and enhance the potentialities of distance learning for those who are already users

Utilização de um ambiente virtual de aprendizagem: um estudo na perspectiva da prática docente

Advances related to information technology are visible and inherent to the management of contemporary organizations, regardless of industrial action. Synchronized with this dynamic, educational institutions are incorporating technological tools that assist its management and academic support to teachers in teaching and interaction with the students. Given that technological innovations are not always taken homogeneously and with the same degree of coverage, remain current and relevant studies on how these technologies are being used in academia. The objective of this research is to identify the usage profile of the functionality of a virtual learning environment related to teaching (undergraduate or postgraduate), demographic variables (age and gender) and institutional (time of admission and academic center of origin.) The methodology applied to the study is descriptive and quantitative. The research is characterized as census, covering all 2152 teachers of undergraduate and graduate students of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, who accessed the virtual classes of the Integrated Management of Academic Activities. The study findings revealed that there is a statistically significant difference regarding the use of these tools to teachers who work with undergraduate (49.3%) compared to graduate (6.6%). Regarding gender, women (40.1%) use the system more than men (38.5%). It was also observed that the younger teachers, aged 37 years, are the most active users (42.5%) of the Virtual Class with respect to their elders. For teachers with up to three years time of admission to the UFRN, the pattern of use is more advanced than those with more seniority, as well as the faculty of the Center for Science and Technology are the least likely to use the tools available in relation to other academic centers. It is hoped that with this study managers can direct actions to improve and expand the use of this environment by teachers

Um olhar sociológico sobre a criança e o brincar: espaço e tempo de construção, reinvenção e aprendizagem

This research I discuss the play, also talking with the other subjects that make up the universe in which the play is inserted, such as family, school and culture. The fundamental proposition of this dissertation assumes that the absence of play in children's lives affect their physical structure, psychological, biological, cultural, social, historical and theirs development. The initial questions were: What are the spacetimes reserved in the school for play? What is the importance of play in the development of children? Does the school recognize the importance of play in its social space? How the children perceive and use the spacetimes to play at school? Are there spacetimes at school to play? This is a theoretical and empirical research of exploratory study. The research‟s field was the Municipal School Professor Ulysses Góes, located in district of Nova Descoberta, in Natal, Rio Grande do Norte and, as research techniques, I used: participant observation, photography, structured interviews with students and questionnaires with teachers. The results indicate that for most of children, the school allows the play, few disagree with this preposition.Teachers recognize the importance of play in school, but for various reasons do not provide your practice. The dissertation points the possibility of new studies and developments for the theme.

O jornal televisivo e o ensino/aprendizagem integrado de português língua materna e francês língua estrangeira

Pour beaucoup de chercheurs, il y a une crise à l école et dans l enseignement/apprentissage des langues qui est provoquée par un enseignement cloisonné et décontextualisé de la réalité. Dans ce type d enseignement/apprentissage, le livre scolaire a une présence si hégémonique qu il est la source quasi exclusive du discours pédagogique et on ne fait que très rarement usage des langages du quotidien des apprenants. Le langage télévisuel est un de ces langages qui pourraient être utilisé pour ciliter enseignement/apprentissage d une langue vivante, variée et en situation, car il permet l exploration de tous les composants de la compétence de communication. En même temps, ce langage pourrait servir à sensibiliser les apprenants à une éducation aux médias. Le journal télévisé peut favoriser un enseignement/apprentissage intégré de la langue maternelle et de la langue étrangère, grâce à son format, similaire dans plusieurs cultures, et à son importance en tant que reflet des valeurs socioculturels des sociétés. Ces qualités sont très favorables pour stimuler le transfert des compétences entre la langue maternelle et la langue étrangère, pour qu on puisse enseigner et apprendre une langue, et connaître une culture. Le journal télévisé est vu comme une source d information et son analyse en classe peut contribuer à la formation d un apprenent/citoyen actualisé, critique et conscient des problèmes et des répresentations des sociétés

Correr, saltar, lançar, dialogar :uma reflexão sobre corpo e aprendizagem nas aulas de educação física

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

O processo de aprendizagem de professores do ensino fundamental: apropriação da habilidade de planejar situações de ensino de conceitos

La investigación fue realizada con profesores de los años iniciales de la enseñanza básica, alumnos de la carrera de Pedagogía Licenciatura Plena del PROBÁSICA de Ceará-Mirim (RN). Tuvo como objetivo general el estudio de lo proceso de apropiación de esa habilidad, segundo las siguientes perspectivas teóricas: históricocultural, de L.S. Vygotsky, teoría de la actividad, de A.N. Leontiev, y la teoría de la asimilación por etapas mentales, de P. Ya Galperin. La metodología se desarrolló organizándose en tres etapas: el diagnóstico inicial, con el análisis del nivel de desarrollo de la habilidad de los profesores; el proceso formativo, con la orientación del aprendizaje, el control y la evaluación del desarrollo; y el diagnóstico final, con el análisis del nivel alcanzado en la experiencia. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron: un cuestionario, para la caracterización de los sujetos de la investigación, el planeamiento de enseñanza de los profesores y el diario de clase, donde se registraba lo que ocurrió en cada orientación y realización del proceso formativo. Los resultados referentes a los niveles iniciales del desarrollo de la habilidad han revelado un grado de espontaneidad en el planeamiento de enseñanza de los conceptos. Durante el proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje, los profesores han expresado sus dificultades, pero también las posibilidades de mudanza para que alcanzaran un nuevo nivel de desarrollo. Para el análisis del nivel inicial y del desarrollo de las habilidades de los profesores para planificar situaciones de enseñanza con la definición y con la identificación, fueron utilizados los siguientes elementos: el dominio del concepto, el dominio de esos procedimientos lógicos y las categorías del planeamiento (objetivos, contenidos, estrategias de enseñanza, control y evaluación). En cada etapa surgieron obstáculos, pero también aspectos que han revelado la posibilidad para aprender una nueva forma de planear, con apropiación de nuevos fundamentos teóricos. La práctica docente se constituyó en un elemento que facilitó la comprensión y la apropiación de las habilidades de planear situaciones de enseñanza de conceptos mediante la definición y la identificación

Dificuldades na aprendizagem dos conteúdos de Biologia: evidências a partir das Provas de Múltipla Escolha do Vestibular da UFRN (2001-2008)

Los estudios cerca de las dificultades en el aprendizaje del contenido de la biología han sido foco de la investigación diversa que si ten corido a partir de la década de setenta del siglo pasado, en consecuencia al movimiento de las concepciones alternativas (MCA). El estudio que se presenta, se atan con el Departamento de Educação da UFRN - Base de Pesquisa Formação e Profissionalização Docente, como parte do projeto de pesquisa - A passagem do Ensino Médio a UFRN: estudos sobre o acesso, a permanência e a qualidade do Ensino Médio. Los objetivos de esto investigación, habían consistido en el identificar del contenido explorado en las cuestiones de las Pruebas de la opción múltiple del Vestibular de UFRN para el cual los candidatos habían demostrado dificultad en el aprendizaje; para analizar si el contextualização de la pregunta y la presencia de elementos no-literales que habían influenciado en el aumento de la dificultad de la pregunta e identificar los errores más frecuentemente por los candidatos en estas pruebas. La tesis si configura en dos dimensiones: 1 - El contenido explorado en las Pruebas del Vestibular de la UFRN si distribuya uniformemente a través de los años; sendo priorizados procedimentos que exigem demanda cognitiva diversificadas na solução de problemas; 2- Nessas provas, os resultados dos candidatos, en relación con el Índice de Aproveitamento, indican la existencia de áreas en las quales hay déficit del aprendizaje; qué envolucran las dificultades en aprender el contenido. Los datos de la investigación habían sido recogidos al partir de las pruebas de la biología y de la inicial abstracta selectiva de los informes proveído para el COMPERVE/UFRN, del último los ocho años (2001-2008). En la dirección alcanzar a los objetivos considerados para este estudio, contenta había sido construido a las categorías del análisis - (temas, subtemas y procedimientos); índice de aproveitamento; contextualização de la pregunta; estructura de la pregunta y el error. Los resultados, qué si configurán de los análisis de las ocho pruebas del vestibular de la UFRN y los sesenta y cientos envolvement mil, seiscientos y sesenta y cinco candidatos que le habían contestado; demuestran eso: los temas y los subtemas de la biología para los cuales las dificultades en aprender si está tenido divulgado sea - genética (hibridismo; fenótipo y genotipo; Leyes de Mendel), biotecnología (transgênicos; célula-tronco) y citología (química de la vida; división celular; membranas) y los procedimientos - identificar, analizar la situación y aplicar concepto, para correlacionar y para interpretar el gráfico; los quais não exigem uma alta demanda cognitiva na solução dos problemas. La presencía de situações contextualizadas e de gráficos en las questiones de las pruebas influenciou en el aumento dos niveles dificuldade da of questão para a maioria dos candidatos, reiterando as of dificuldades of observadas na of aprendizagem dos procedimentos. Los errores principales cometidos para los candidatos habían consistido en no reconocimiento del estándar de la herencia del gênica - mendelian y después de-Mendel; no del reconocimiento de los acontecimientos de la división celular y de las técnicas en biotecnología. Éstos habían reflejado las dificultades en aprender del contenido para algún contenido y en otros sugieren que tuviera la expresión de los conceptos alternativos que los estudiantes construyen en los conceptos. Los resultados señalan la necesidad de una revisión de las preguntas inherentes didácticas-metodológicas a la educación del contenido para las cuales las dificultades en aprender si hay tenido presentado

Corporeidade, dialogicidade e virtualidade: desvelando a aprendizagem

Cette étude essaie d offrir des contributions pour la construction de connaissance concernant à la corporeité et dans l espace virtuel. À travers des processus interactifs elle propose la construction la production de nouvelles possibilités/stratégies pour la production de connaissance, en adoptant une pratique éducative spécifique: apprendre dans l éducation à distance (EAD). L apprentissage est le centre de ce travail, les acteurs les élèves sont sujets de l action et de la transformation selon la penseé de Paulo Freire et Corpo-vivido dans sa totalité, selon Marleau Ponty. Ce dialogue vif et révecu fait un parcours méthodologique à partir des interlocutions de Pierre-Lévy (1993,1996). On a réalisé une trajectoire pour se représenter, renvoyer, dialoguer et mettre en perspective, en ayant comme point de départ les attributs communicatifs et imagés des matériels d étude utilisés par l EAD, les changements socioculturels provoqués par des possibles dépassements paradigmatiques manifestés dans la société informations et de la communication, et les présuppositions théoriques qui sont ancréesdans les formulations des stratégies et/ou de propositions méthodologiques et comme élément intervenant dans le processus de construction de la connaissance à distance: le sujet de la corporeité. L espace empirique de la recherche est donné à l intérieur du cours TV na Escola e os desafios de hoje , et presenté dans la période de 2000 à 2004 dans l État du Pará. Le texte a été divisé à quatre chapitres. Le premier moment du texte parle de la métaphore de la Fleur et de l organisation du travail. Le deuxième moment systématise ce qui a été projeté pour donner une vision du travail dans l ensemble. Le troisième moment apporte des mots et des concrétisations qui deviennent réelles dans le Desvelando o corpo e o diálogo: a Flor da aprendizagem percebida , en reflétant sur la corporéification du mot s en allant à la rencontre et à la participation d'un apprentissage de dialogue. Et finalement le quatrième moment où nous parcourons la culture de la potentialité de la modalité de l'enseignement à distance, faisant le portrait en arrière plan de l'étude tout en mettant en évidence l'étude du phénomène dans le cours "TV na escola e os desafios de hoje" les paroles des sujets et leur interlocutions. A Flor numa totalidade englobe dans une totalité les moments qui le précedent et invite tous les autres moments à d autres révélations