A influência do tempo de diálise e do paratormônio sobre as condições clínico-radiográficas bucais de indivíduos com insuficiência renal crônica em diálise

Universidade Estadual do Rio Grande do Norte

Ansiedade em indivíduos bruxômanos e suas principais implicações na vida social

Neste trabalho procuramos estudar o fenômeno do bruxismo, definido como o ato de apertar e/ou ranger os dentes, hábito prejudicial à região orofacial relacionado a varáveis psicossociais. O bruxismo é frequentemente associado aos aspectos emocionais, entre os mais ressaltados, a ansiedade e o estresse, podendo implicar em alterações das estruturas orofaciais, modificações funcionais e inclusive com repercussões sociais. Deste modo, torna-se relevante evidenciar que a pesquisa foi desenvolvida, visando o contexto multidisciplinar, abrangendo a Fonoaudiologia, Odontologia e Psicologia. Objetivo: verificar associação entre bruxismo, ansiedade e as principais queixas referentes à função mastigatória. Método: participaram oitenta voluntários, divididos entre grupo com bruxismo (N=40) e sem bruxismo (N=40), do sexo masculino e feminino. O diagnóstico do bruxismo foi realizado através do exame clínico. Para avaliar os níveis de ansiedade empregou-se o Inventário de Ansiedade Traço e Estado e para os aspectos psicossociais um questionário com questões estruturadas referentes às atividades diárias, focando a função mastigatória (para o grupo com bruxismo). Resultados:: Os resultados permitem evidenciar diferenças significativas entre os grupos analisados, a média e desvio padrão de ansiedade estado no grupo com bruxismo, 42,7±9,6 e sem bruxismo 38,6±8,2 (p ≤0,04) e de ansiedade traço respectivamente 44,5±11,0 e controle 40,7±9,5 (p ≤0,11). O relato dos participantes com bruxismo evidenciou como principais queixas durante a mastigação, dor na face ao mastigar, cansaço muscular na face, cefaleia ao mastigar e presença de ruídos articulares. Conclusões: Evidenciamos uma associação dos fatores emocionais como a ansiedade e o bruxismo, e como resultante os pacientes apontam que a função mastigatória encontra-se depreciada

Crescimento econômico e restrição externa da economia brasileira: uma análise do padrão das exportações em relação ao BRIC e do Sistema de Inovação do Brasil (1980-2012)

This Master s Thesis aims to use the theoretical models of growth with restricted balance of payments, specifically Kaldor (1970) and Thirlwall (1979) models, to analyze the behavior and the pattern of specialization of Brazilian exports and imports in the last years. It is observed that, in some periods, the pattern of specialization has contributed in restricting long-term growth of the Brazilian economy. It has been hypothesized that overall this is due to lack of structural transformation policies. To achieve this goal, it analyzed the performance of Brazilian exports and imports disaggregating them according to their technological content. The basis for comparison was a group of countries to which Brazil is inserted in, the BRIC. In this regard, the work is a comparative analysis by using descriptive statistics. It is concluded that the low rate of GDP growth experienced by Brazil since the 1980s can be explained in part by the decoupling of the Brazilian National Innovation System (NIS) and the Brazilian productive structure. This would be reducing the income elasticity of exports and raising imports, causing a pattern of specialization intensive primary commodities and labor and low-skill labor

Crescimento urbano e seus impactos no sistema de drenagem de uma bacia em Natal/RN

The uncontrolled growth of most Brazilian cities is not accompanied by the development of urban infrastructure. With increasing soil sealing, runoff and decreased infiltration volume, impacts on water resources and on population of the areas affected by urban growth are inevitable. This study aims to evaluate the use and occupation of a watershed and analyze the drainage system in order to control the impact using tools to integrate urban development with the drainage of rainwater in an important watershed in the Natal City, Rio Grande do Norte State. The study involved the characterization of the basin XII.4 on the land use and occupation, for the years 2005 and 2014. With the application of SWMM model was possible to analyze the impacts caused by the urbanization process in the existing drainage system, showing the two years analyzed have their areas very close to percentage saturation of impervious areas. Although the region is still predominantly single family residential, suffers increasing verticalization of mainly commercial buildings. The drainage system is inefficient for the area's needs by the year 2005. The drainage system was also tested for four variations of land use by developing scenarios. Scenario 1 is related to the year 2014, considered current. Scenario 2 was adopted the maximum rate of 80% for land use, allowed for the Natal City. Scenario 3 gives the critical condition of land use, with the area 100% impervious. Scenario 4 is applied to the existence of LID (Low Impact Device). The scenarios analysis showed that all indicate deficiency at some point of the drainage system as a result of the high degree of occupation of the area that generate higher flows than the initial drainage system capacity. With the study it became clear that the adoption of non-structural tools are effective in reducing flooding and improving the drainage system capacity.

Crescimento urbano e seus impactos no sistema de drenagem de uma bacia em Natal/RN

The uncontrolled growth of most Brazilian cities is not accompanied by the development of urban infrastructure. With increasing soil sealing, runoff and decreased infiltration volume, impacts on water resources and on population of the areas affected by urban growth are inevitable. This study aims to evaluate the use and occupation of a watershed and analyze the drainage system in order to control the impact using tools to integrate urban development with the drainage of rainwater in an important watershed in the Natal City, Rio Grande do Norte State. The study involved the characterization of the basin XII.4 on the land use and occupation, for the years 2005 and 2014. With the application of SWMM model was possible to analyze the impacts caused by the urbanization process in the existing drainage system, showing the two years analyzed have their areas very close to percentage saturation of impervious areas. Although the region is still predominantly single family residential, suffers increasing verticalization of mainly commercial buildings. The drainage system is inefficient for the area's needs by the year 2005. The drainage system was also tested for four variations of land use by developing scenarios. Scenario 1 is related to the year 2014, considered current. Scenario 2 was adopted the maximum rate of 80% for land use, allowed for the Natal City. Scenario 3 gives the critical condition of land use, with the area 100% impervious. Scenario 4 is applied to the existence of LID (Low Impact Device). The scenarios analysis showed that all indicate deficiency at some point of the drainage system as a result of the high degree of occupation of the area that generate higher flows than the initial drainage system capacity. With the study it became clear that the adoption of non-structural tools are effective in reducing flooding and improving the drainage system capacity.

Efeitos do fator de crescimento de fibroblasto Básico (FCFß) na cicatrização de anastomoses do esôfago

Os fatores de crescimento são substâncias moduladoras do processo de cicatrização. O fator de crescimento de fibroblastos básico (FCFß) liberado pelas plaquetas, macrófagos e pelos próprios fibroblastos, estimulam a proliferação celular, a produção de colágeno e de outros elementos da matriz celular, favorecendo o processo da cicatrização, mesmo em situações adversas, como diabetes e uso de corticosteróides. O presente estudo objetivou determinar a influência do FCFb no processo de cicatrização de anastomoses esofageanas em modelo de experimentação animal, avaliando-se a resistência à pressão,formação de tecido de granulação e deposição de colágeno. Método: Foram estudados dois grupos A e B,ambos com 10 ratos de linhagem Wistar, separados de forma aleatória, todos submetidos à secção e anastomose do esôfago por via abdominal. Nos animais do grupo A, foi feita aplicação tópica na linha de sutura de 10ng de FCFb. No grupo B (controle) foi aplicado igual volume de solução salina. Os animais foram sacrificados no 7º dia, o esôfago ressecado para teste de resistência da anastomose, estudo qualitativo do aporte de células inflamatórias, da angiogênese e quantificação do colágeno na zona da anastomose, através de sistema digital. Resultados: A densidade média dos parâmetros histológicos do grupo A foi 9095,51±1284,5, maior que no grupo B, que teve densidade 7162,4±1273,19 (p=0,013). A resistência da anastomose do grupo A teve a média 210±18,88 mmHg, significativamente maior que no grupo B, que atingiu o valor 157±29,55 mmHg (p=0,0024). Conclusão: Este estudo concluiu que o FCFß atuou melhorando a cicatrização e aumentando significativamente a resistência de anastomoses do esôfago realizadas em ratos

Ação do fator de crescimento de fibroblasto básico na cicatrização da aponeurose abdominal de ratos

Objetivo: Trabalho realizado em ratos com o objetivo de estudar o efeito do Fator de Crescimento de Fibroblastos básico (FCFb) na cicatrização da aponeurose abdominal. Métodos: Foram usados 20 ratos Wistar separados aleatoriamente em 2 grupos iguais. Os animais foram anestesiados com pentobarbital sódico na dose de 20 mg/Kg por via intraperitoneal e submetidos a laparotomia mediana de 4 cm, cuja camada aponeurótica foi suturada com mononylon 5-0. No grupo I foi aplicada a dose de 5mg de FCFb sobre a sutura da aponeurose. No grupo II (controle) foi aplicada solução salina 0,9% sobre a linha se sutura. Após observação por 7 dias os animais foram mortos com superdose de anestésico. A camada aponeurótica com 1,5 cm de largura foi submetida a teste de resistência à tensão empregando a Máquina de Ensaios EMIC MF500. Biópsias das zonas de sutura foram processadas e coradas com HE e o tricômico de Masson. Os achados histopatológicos foram quantificados através de sistema digital (Image pro-plus) de captura e processamento de imagens. Os dados obtidos foram analisados pelo teste T com significância 0,05. Resultados: Nos animais do grupo I (experimental) a zona de sutura da camada aponeurótica suportou a carga de 1.103±103,39gf. A quantificação dos dados histopatológicos desse grupo atingiu a densidade média 226±29,32. No grupo II (controle) a carga suportada pela zona de sutura foi de 791,1±92,77 gf. Quando foram comparadas as médias das resistências à tensão dos dois grupos, observou-se uma diferença significante (p<0,01). O exame histopatológico das lâminas desse grupo relevou densidade média 114,1±17,01, correspondendo a uma diferença significante quando comparadas as médias dos dois grupos (p<0,01). Conclusão: Os dados permitem concluir que o FCFb contribuiu para aumentar a resistência da aponeurose suturada e para melhorar os parâmetros histopatológicos da cicatrização.

O fator de crescimento de fibroblasto básico melhora a cicatrização de anastomoses duodenais em ratos

RESUMO: Objetivo: Avaliar as alterações histológicas, e o ganho de resistência em anastomoses duodenais tratadas com fator de crescimento de fibroblasto básico (FGFb). Métodos: Vinte ratos da raça Wistar foram submetidos a secção transversal do duodeno, seguida de anastomose. Os animais foram divididos em 4 grupos de 5 animais cada: A1 e A2 (experimentais), nos quais foi aplicado FCFb sobre a anastomose logo após seu término; e B1 e B2 (controles), nos quais foi administrada solução salina sobre a zona de anastomose. Os roedores foram mortos com superdose de anestésico, sendo A1, B1 no 5º dia e A2, B2 no 7º dia de pós-operatório. Foi feita avaliação quanto à resistência das anastomoses à pressão e análise da densidade média dos achados histopatológicos com auxílio do sistema digitalizado Image proPlus. Resultados: No grupo A1 a pressão suportada pelas anastomoses foi de 52±14,4 mmHg e no grupo A2 140±34,8 mmHg. Em B1 a pressão atingiu 33,6±15,2 mmHg e as anastomoses do grupo B2 suportaram pressão 105±30,3. No grupo A1 a densidade média dos elementos histopatológicos foi de 93±9,3 e A2 atingiu 181,8±27,6. Nos grupos de controle B1 e B2 as densidades médias foram 67,6±16,7 e 101±12,9 respectivamente. A análise estatística revelou diferença significante entre nos dados dos grupos experimentais e controles (p<0,05).Conclusão: a aplicação tópica do FCFb foi capaz de aumentar a resistência das feridas do duodeno suturadas e observadas após 5 e 7 dias de evolução. Estimulou a neovascularização, a formação de fibroblastos e de fibras colágenas, melhorando os escores histológicos em relação ao controle.

Regulação da mobilização de lipídios e proteinas por hormônios, fontes de carbono e nitrogênio durante o crescimento pos-germinativo em girassol

The mobilization of food reserves in storage tissues and allocation of their hydrolysis products in the growing axis are critical processes for the establishment of seedlings after germination. Therefore, it is crucial for mobilization of reserves to be synchronized with the growing axis, so that photosynthetic activity can be started before depletion of reserves. For this, integrative approaches involving different reserves, different hydrolysis products and interaction between storage and growing axis tissues, either through hormones or metabolites with signaling role, can contribute greatly to the elucidation of the regulation mechanisms for reserve mobilization. In this study, was hypothesized that hormones and metabolites have different actions on reserve mobilization, and there must be a crossed effect of sugars on the mobilization of proteins and amino acids on lipids and starch mobilization in sunflower seedlings. This study was conducted with seeds of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) hybrid Helio 253 using in vitro culture system. Seeds were germinated on Germitest® paper and grown on agar-water 4 g/L without addition of nutrients during 9 days after imbibition (DAI) for growth curve. To verify the effect of metabolites and hormones, seedlings were transferred in the 2nd DAI to agar-water 4 g/L supplemented with increasing concentrations of sucrose or L-glutamine, abscisic acid, gibberellic acid or indolebutyric acid. The results of this study confirm that the mobilization of lipids and storage proteins occurs in a coordinated manner during post-germination growth in sunflower, corroborating the hypothesis that the application of external carbon (sucrose) and nitrogen (L-glutamine) sources can delay the mobilization of these reserves in a crossed way. Moreover, considering the changes in the patterns of reserve mobilization and partition of their products in seedlings treated with different growth regulators, it is evident that the effects of metabolites and hormones must involve, at least in part, distinct mechanisms of action

Síntese, estudo cinético e análise microestrutural do sistema cério-níquel obtido pelo método pechini

The cerium oxide has a high potential for use in removing pollutants after combustion, removal of organic matter in waste water and the fuel-cell technology. The nickel oxide is an attractive material due to its excellent chemical stability and their optical properties, electrical and magnetic. In this work, CeO2-NiO- systems on molars reasons 1:1(I), 1:2(II) e 1:3(III) metal-citric acid were synthesized using the Pechini method. We used techniques of TG / DTG and ATD to monitor the degradation process of organic matter to the formation of the oxide. By thermogravimetric analysis and applying the dynamic method proposed by Coats-Redfern, it was possible to study the reactions of thermal decomposition in order to propose the possible mechanism by which the reaction takes place, as well as the determination of kinetic parameters as activation energy, Ea, pre-exponential factor and parameters of activation. It was observed that both variables exert a significant influence on the formation of complex polymeric precursor. The model that best fitted the experimental data in the dynamic mode was R3, which consists of nuclear growth, which formed the nuclei grow to a continuous reaction interface, it proposes a spherical symmetry (order 2 / 3). The values of enthalpy of activation of the system showed that the reaction in the state of transition is exothermic. The variables of composition, together with the variable temperature of calcination were studied by different techniques such as XRD, IV and SEM. Also a study was conducted microstructure by the Rietveld method, the calculation routine was developed to run the package program FullProf Suite, and analyzed by pseudo-Voigt function. It was found that the molar ratio of variable metal-citric acid in the system CeO2-NiO (I), (II), (III) has strong influence on the microstructural properties, size of crystallites and microstrain network, and can be used to control these properties

Avaliação de produtos naturais no controle de biofilmes formados em sistema dinâmico

The biofilms microbial forms of association are responsible for generating, accelerating and / or induce the process of corrosion. The damage generated in the petroleum industry for this type of corrosion is significatives, representing major investment for your control. The aim of this study was to evaluate such tests antibiograms the effects of extracts of Jatropha curcas and essential oil of Lippia gracilis Schauer on microrganisms isolated from water samples and, thereafter, select the most effective natural product for further evaluation of biofilms formed in dynamic system. Extracts of J. curcas were not efficient on the complete inhibition of microbial growth in tests type antibiogram, and essential oil of L. gracilis Schauer most effective and determined for the other tests. A standard concentration of essential oil of 20 &#956;L was chosen and established for the evaluation of the biofilms and the rate of corrosion. The biocide effect was determined by microbial counts of five types of microorganisms: aerobic bacteria, precipitating iron, total anaerobic, sulphate reducers (BRS) and fungi. The rate of corrosion was measured by loss of mass. Molecular identification and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were performed. The data showed reduction to zero of the most probable number (MPN) of bacteria precipitating iron and BRS from 115 and 113 minutes of contact, respectively. There was also inhibited in fungi, reducing to zero the rate of colony-forming units (CFU) from 74 minutes of exposure. However, for aerobic and anaerobic bacteria there was no significant difference in the time of exposure to the essential oil, remaining constant. The rate of corrosion was also influenced by the presence of oil. The essential oil of L. gracilis was shown to be potentially effective

Efeitos do enriquecimento com nutrientes (N e P) em diferentes condições de luz sobre o crescimento do fitoplâncton em um reservatório eutrófico no semi-árido brasileiro

The increasing of pollution in aquatic ecosystems in the last decades has caused an expansion of eutrophication and loss of water quality for human consumption. The increase of frequency and intensity of cyanobacteria blooms have been recognized as a major problem connected to water quality and eutrophication. The knowledge of environmental factors controlling these blooms is a key step towards the management for recovering aquatic ecosystems from eutrophic conditions. Primary productivity in aquatic ecosystems is dependent on light and nutrients availability. In the present work we evaluated the relative importance of the concentration of major nutrients, such as phosphorus and nitrogen, and light for phytoplankton growth in the main water reservoir of Rio Grande do Norte State, named Engenheiro Armando Ribeiro Gonçalves (EARG), which is an eutrophic system, dominated by potentially toxic cyanobacteria populations. Limitation of phytoplankton growth was evaluated through bioassays using differential enrichment of nutrients (N and/or P) under two light conditions (low light and high light) and monthly monitoring of chlorophyll-a and nutrients (total nitrogen and phosphorus) concentrations, and water transparency (Secchi depth) at the pelagic region. Our results confirm that EARG reservoir is an eutrophic system with a low water quality. Results of bioassays on the growth of phytoplankton limitation (N or P) were conflicting with the results predicted by the TN:TP ratios, which indicates that these ratios were not a good indicator of algal growth limitation. Nitrogen was the limiting nutrient, considering both frequency and magnitude. Light and hidrology affected phytoplankton response to nutrient enrichment. The extreme eutrophic conditions of this reservoir, dominated by cyanobacteria blooms, demand urgent managing strategies in order to guarantee the multiple uses for this system, including water supply for human population. Although nitrogen is the limiting nutrient, an effective management program must focus on the reduction of both phosphorus and nitrogen input

Sistema de gestão ambiental na produção de água mineral

It s more and more evident the subject of the shortage of water, worsened by the accelerated urbanization, growth of the population, increase of the demand and of the costs of its treatment, factors that are also tied up to the increase of the consumption of mineral waters, whose chemical composition or physical-chemistries characteristics do with that are considered beneficial to the health. The growth accelerated all over the world in its consumption aims the concern with the waters quality, the health and the incentive to the consumption of natural products. However, in spite of quite valuable, that resource is explored, most of the time, without optimization of production or actions that avoid wastefulness. This research is justified for the need of minimizing the negative environmental impacts caused by the mineral water s production, mainly in what it say about the generation of effluents and wastes in the productive process, through the study, development and application of cleaner production tools for the environmental management, pertinent for that section. The applicability of Environmental Management System was determined by means of the characterization of the environmental aspects of productive process in a company of the section, in the state of Rio Grande do Norte and of the discussion of the panoramas that demonstrate the tendency for a sustainable development. Actions as a reforestation, optimization of energy and water uses, recycle of solid residues and water reuse were applied during the research, resulting in the considerable reduction of wastes of raw materials and inputs and consequent environmental and economic won. A specific methodology was proposed with concepts of Environmental Management, integrating with Quality Management. As foundations for the elaboration of the methodology, it was realized a similarity analysis among the systems and, mainly, an analysis of the experiences observed in the case study, including specificities, needs and difficulties of the company. With these results, the implantation of a EMS as a company strategy has environmental, economic and social benefits, and this research can be applied and adequate to others companies and sectors

Controle fuzzy espacialmente diferenciado para um sistema de irrigação

Traditional irrigation projects do not locally determine the water availability in the soil. Then, irregular irrigation cycles may occur: some with insufficient amount that leads to water deficit, other with excessive watering that causes lack of oxygen in plants. Due to the nonlinear nature of this problem and the multivariable context of irrigation processes, fuzzy logic is suggested to replace commercial ON-OFF irrigation system with predefined timing. Other limitation of commercial solutions is that irrigation processes either consider the different watering needs throughout plant growth cycles or the climate changes. In order to fulfill location based agricultural needs, it is indicated to monitor environmental data using wireless sensors connected to an intelligent control system. This is more evident in applications as precision agriculture. This work presents the theoretical and experimental development of a fuzzy system to implement a spatially differentiated control of an irrigation system, based on soil moisture measurement with wireless sensor nodes. The control system architecture is modular: a fuzzy supervisor determines the soil moisture set point of each sensor node area (according to the soil-plant set) and another fuzzy system, embedded in the sensor node, does the local control and actuates in the irrigation system. The fuzzy control system was simulated with SIMULINK® programming tool and was experimentally built embedded in mobile device SunSPOTTM operating in ZigBee. Controller models were designed and evaluated in different combinations of input variables and inference rules base

Simulação do sistema de esgotamento sanitário de Ponta Negra- Natal: mitigação dos riscos ambientais e estratégia de manutenção preditiva

The simulation of SES-Natal Ponta Negra: mitigation of environmental risks and predictive maintenance strategy was developed in the context of several operational irregularities in the pumping stations and sewage systems in the system Ponta Negra. Thus, the environmental risks and complaints against the company due to overflows of sewage into the public thoroughfare became common. This neighborhood has shown in recent years an increase of resident higher than the initial expectation of growth. In this sense presumed the large population growth and generation of sewers higher than expected, associated to the use of corrective maintenance and misuse of the system may be the main causes of operational failures occurring in the SES. This study aimed at analyzing the hydraulic behavior of SES Ponta Negrathrough numerical simulation of its operation associated to future scenarios of occupation. The SES Ponta Negra has a long lengthof collection networks and 6 pumping stations interconnected, being EE 1, 2, 4 coastal way, and beach Shopping interconnected EE3 to receives all sewers pumped from the rest pumping station and pumped to the sewage treatment station of neighborhood which consists of a facultative pond followed by three maturation ponds with disposal of treated effluent into infiltration ditches. Oncethey are connected with each other, the study was conducted considering the days and times of higher inflow for all lifts. Furthermore, with the aim of measuring the gatherer network failures were conducted data survey of on the networks. Thephysical and operational survey data was conducted between January/2011 and janeiro/2012. The simulation of the SES was developed with the aim ofdemonstrating its functioning, eithercurrently and in the coming years, based in population estimates and sewage flow. The collected data represents the current framework of the pumping stations of the SES Ponta Negra and served as input to the model developed in MS Excel ® spreadsheet which allowed simulating the behavior of SES in future scenarios. The results of this study show thatBeach Shopping Pumping Station is actually undersized and presents serious functioning problemsthatmay compromise the environmental quality of surrounding area. The other pumping stations of the system will reach itsmaximum capacity between 2013 and 2015, although the EE1 and EE3 demonstrateoperation capacity, even precariously, until 2017. Moreover, it was observed that the misuse of the network system, due to the input of both garbage and stormwater, are major factors of failures that occur in the SES. Finally, it was found that the corrective maintenance appliance, rather than predictive,has proven to beinefficient because of the serious failuresin the system, causing damage to the environment and health risks to users