O "espetáculo do cabra macho" : um estudo sobre os vaqueiros nas vaquejada no Rio Grande do Norte

This body of work discusses the gender meanings associated with cowboys while endorsing contemporary rodeos in Rio Grande do Norte as a recreational sport and a form of ludic expression. As a result, this research has focused on rodeo practices, aiming to understand the different aspects emphasizing masculinity: these associations being constructed through relationships, contexts and the competitiveness between participants. These gender meanings hinge on the desire for a wining performance and on the behaviour exhibited among cowboys outside the competitive ring in specific social settings such as parties and recreational time. The latter were the focus of the ethnographic research; direct observation and semistructured interviews with cowboys in rodeo stadiums were also used. Through qualitative analysis of the collected data, it was revealed that historically and socially different trajectories do not immediately cause a gender crisis in cowboys, but the assignment of new significance by the social acts in each historical context. However, the presence of cowboys leads to other models of masculinity configured by expressions and the insertion of new personas, not coming directly from field activities, but imbued by the symbolic elements of the cowboy persona, constructed throughout history

Modelo em dinâmica de sistemas para gestão de aeroportos brasileiros

The importance of the airport sector in the development of a country refers to the need for studies on management of airports, to aid the process of decision making. In Brazil, growth in passenger demand is why investments in order to balance the capacity of an airport with air demand. Thus, the study aims to develop a model for Dynamic Systems able to assist airport management in Brazilian sizing subsystems an airport (Passenger Terminal, Runway and Patio). The methodology of this work consists in the steps of defining the problem, formulating the hypothesis dynamic building simulation model, and validation experiments. Finally, we examined the status of each subsystem in thirteen Brazilian airports in scenarios current, most likely and optimistic for air passenger demand

À luz das inquietas sombras: a criatividade da melancolia na linguagem de Dom Casmurro

Qué se piensa aquí, esencialmente, está a mapear el itinerario de la melancolía creativa en el discurso de Dom Casmurro; es decir, aquél de el cual el valle narrativo de una sensación de la angustia a alçar él él las maneras de la representación en el discurso de Dom Casmurro. El árbol básico en el cual éste estimaba incurre en se basa en el acuerdo de eso que la actual melancolía en el texto del machadiano se puede analizar por las estratagemas de la lengua creativa en la intención de demostrar en él una especie del espacio virtual - el conducir de metáforas, de ironies y del exacerbamento de imágenes - por cuál se prepone el narrador construir su salvación . El propósito es analizar el uso de el proyecto del alegórico y el irónico previstos por el autor en la intención de descubrir pues tales procedimientos contribuyen para crear un texto ese desestabiliza el carácter malsano de la melancolía. Puede propagar lengua creativa de tal manera cuánto otras maneras de la representación de eso las marcas del arte utilizan. Más allá de este traz poético, la contribución de este trabajo también constituye: para componer una escena en la cual el teatralidade de la lengua de Dom Casmurro constituye drama y no tragedia. Después de la pista de los conceptos de los benjaminianas de la melancolía, alegoria, metalenguaje la ironía, vimos que éstos disalign de la voluntad que los estatutos se estabilizaron de las figuras del retórico para consistir mientras que las estrategias de los discursivas. Subyacente a este proceso es posible percibir el flash del rescate de la escritura melancholic, visto bajo luz del saturnine de una mirada que si desea alegórico, en la misma incandescencia de la risa del fáustico

Sincronização dos ritmos de atividade motora e temperatura central à disponibilidade de glicose em ratos

Food is essential for the survival of all animals. Its temporal availability is an important enviromental cue for the behavioral and physiological organization throughout the 24 hours of day in different species. Rats and mice, for example, show increased locomotion in the hours before food availability when it is presented in a recurrent manner, a behavior named foodanticipatory activity. Several lines of evidence indicate that this anticipation is mediated by a circadian oscillator. In this work, based on the hypothesis that pre- or post-ingestive humoral signals are involved in the entrainment process, we tested whether the daily intake of glucose is sufficient to induce anticipatory activity in rats. The rhythms of motor activity and central temperature were recorded in animals undergoing 10 days of temporal glucose (solution at 50%) or chow restriction in light-dark (LD) and constant darkness (DD). Animals under temporal glucose restriction increase motor activity and and central temperature in the hours preceding glucose availability and such aticipation is extremely similar to that observed in animals under temporal chow restriction. Glucose ingestion is, therefore, a sufficient temporal cue to induce anticipation in rats. It is possible that the increase in plasma glucose after food ingestion constitutes one of the signals involved in the behavioral entrainment process to food availability

Cartografia de uma intervenção comunitária para prevenção de DST/HIV/AIDS

Community-based interventions have been presented as a proposal of operationalization of the concept of vulnerability to STD/Aids prevention. This study aimed to analyze the Community intervention developed through the project Strengthening of Community action networks for STD/Aids prevention: know and intervenein, at Mãe Luiza neighborhood, in the city of Natal, State of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. The study was conducted in the same location where intervention occurs and took as time reference the first 30 months of construction and deployment process, from April 2010 until December 2012. This is research with qualitative approach, participatory character, developed from the immersion of the researcher in the field, being this community intervention itself. In this perspective, the study approximates to the Cartographic method in which the researcher-researched is engendered in the acts and effects research. The data-generating sources were the memories of the researcher from the field notes, written narratives of subjects involved in the intervention and documents pertaining to the project. In the methodological path of cartography, the image of the rhizome by Deleuze and Guattari (1995) has accompanied the immersion in the field given the nature of research-intervention which approach to the concept of object-Rhizome. The presentation of results was composed for the attempted rhizomatic and a hypertext representation, based on the descriptive narrative taken from the documentary analysis and the multi-faceted narratives with the voices, the looks and the affections narrated by the subject involved, respectively. On the path taken, three lanes were drawn as synthesis of learning produced by experience-that can contribute to understanding the process under study, in his singular character, and reflections on other experiences of community intervention: track 1- Community intervention as active-reflective space and a cause; track 2 Inclusion as power and challenge of community involvement; track 3 Sustainability as A challenge of Community intervention. The study indicates that community intervention is presented as a potential producer of health as also produces practical and creative skills, subjects and inventive in the daily life of the community with a view to reinventing knowledge and practices for the prevention of STD/HIV/Aids

Ansiedade social e cooperação em contexto de hierarquia social

The Ultimatum Game is a methodology of the Game Theory that intends to investigate the individuals cooperative behavior in situations of resources division. Studies have shown that half of the subjects don’t accept unfair division of resources, and prefer to bear a momentary cost to revenge the deceivers. However, people who have assertiveness impairment, such as social phobic individuals, could have some difficulties to reject unfair offer division resource, especially in situations that cause over anxiety, like being in the presence of an individual considered to be in a high hierarchical level. A negative perception about his own worth can also make the person thinks that he does not deserve a fair division. These individuals also have a strong desire to convey a positive impression to the others, which could cause them to be more generous in a resource division. The aim of this study was to verify, through the Ultimatum Game, if social anxiety individuals would accept more high confederate’s unfair offers that low confederate’s unfair offers; and if they would be more generous in goods division, in the same game, when compared to individuals without social anxiety. Ninety-five (95) college students participated in this study answering the Social Phobia Inventory, the Factorial Scale of Extroversion, socio-demographic questionnaire, situational anxiety scale and, finally, the Ultimatum Game in four rounds (1st and 3rd – confederate representing high or low ranking using an unfair proposal; 2nd – confederate without social status using fair proposal; 4th – subject’s research proposes the offer). The results showed a significant negative correlation between social anxiety and haughtiness, and social anxiety and assertiveness, and a significant positive correlation between social anxiety and situational anxiety. There was no significant difference in situational anxiety due to the status for anxious individuals. Also we found no significant difference in the amount of donated goods, showing that generous behavior does not differ between groups. Finally, the social status did not influence the decision in response to the game for anxious individuals. These results corroborate to other studies that show the relationship between social anxiety and assertiveness, and social anxiety and negative self-perception capability and value (low haughtiness). As show the results of situational anxiety scale, the high status stimulus was not perceived as threatening to the individual, which may have affected his answer in the game. The results for the Ultimatum Game follow the same direction as the acceptance rate for unfair proposals (approximately 50%) in studies with non-clinical sample.

Ansiedade social e cooperação em contexto de hierarquia social

The Ultimatum Game is a methodology of the Game Theory that intends to investigate the individuals cooperative behavior in situations of resources division. Studies have shown that half of the subjects don’t accept unfair division of resources, and prefer to bear a momentary cost to revenge the deceivers. However, people who have assertiveness impairment, such as social phobic individuals, could have some difficulties to reject unfair offer division resource, especially in situations that cause over anxiety, like being in the presence of an individual considered to be in a high hierarchical level. A negative perception about his own worth can also make the person thinks that he does not deserve a fair division. These individuals also have a strong desire to convey a positive impression to the others, which could cause them to be more generous in a resource division. The aim of this study was to verify, through the Ultimatum Game, if social anxiety individuals would accept more high confederate’s unfair offers that low confederate’s unfair offers; and if they would be more generous in goods division, in the same game, when compared to individuals without social anxiety. Ninety-five (95) college students participated in this study answering the Social Phobia Inventory, the Factorial Scale of Extroversion, socio-demographic questionnaire, situational anxiety scale and, finally, the Ultimatum Game in four rounds (1st and 3rd – confederate representing high or low ranking using an unfair proposal; 2nd – confederate without social status using fair proposal; 4th – subject’s research proposes the offer). The results showed a significant negative correlation between social anxiety and haughtiness, and social anxiety and assertiveness, and a significant positive correlation between social anxiety and situational anxiety. There was no significant difference in situational anxiety due to the status for anxious individuals. Also we found no significant difference in the amount of donated goods, showing that generous behavior does not differ between groups. Finally, the social status did not influence the decision in response to the game for anxious individuals. These results corroborate to other studies that show the relationship between social anxiety and assertiveness, and social anxiety and negative self-perception capability and value (low haughtiness). As show the results of situational anxiety scale, the high status stimulus was not perceived as threatening to the individual, which may have affected his answer in the game. The results for the Ultimatum Game follow the same direction as the acceptance rate for unfair proposals (approximately 50%) in studies with non-clinical sample.

Caracterização do ritmo circadiano de atividade e repouso em saguis idosos (Callithrix Jacchus)

Advanced age may become a limiting factor for the maintenance of rhythms in organisms, reducing the capacity of generation and synchronization of biological rhythms. In this study, the influence of aging on the expression of endogenous periodicity and synchronization (photic and social) of the circadian activity rhythm (CAR) was evaluated in a diurnal primate, the marmoset (Callithrix jacchus). This study had two approaches: one with longitudinal design, performed with a male marmoset in two different phases: adult (three years) and older (9 y.o.) (study 1) and the second, a transversal approach, with 6 old (♂: 9.7 ± 2.0 y.o.) and 11 adults animals (♂: 4.2 ± 0.8 y.o.) (study 2). The evaluation of the photic synchronization involved two conditions in LD (natural and artificial illuminations). In study 1, the animal was subjected to the following stages: LD (12:12 ~ 350: ~ 2 lx), LL (~ 350 lx) and LD resynchronization. In the second study, the animals were initially evaluated in natural LD, and then the same sequence stages of study 1. During the LL stage in study 2, the vocalizations of conspecifics kept in natural LD on the outside of the colony were considered temporal cue to the social synchronization. The record of the activity was performed automatically at intervals of five minutes through infrared sensor and actimeters, in studies 1 and 2, respectively. In general, the aged showed a more fragmented activity pattern (> IV < H and > PSD, ANOVA, p < 0.05), lower levels of activity (ANOVA, p < 0.05) and shorter duration of active phase (ANOVA, p < 0.05) in LD conditions, when compared to adults. In natural LD, the aged presented phase delay pronounced for onset and offset of active phase (ANOVA, p < 0.05), while the adults had the active phase more adjusted to light phase. Under artificial LD, there was phase advance and greater adjustment of onset and offset of activity in relation to the LD in the aged (ANOVA, p < 0.05). In LL, there was a positive correlation between age and the endogenous period () in the first 20 days (Spearman correlation, p < 0.05), with prolonged  held in two aged animals. In this condition, most adults showed free-running period of the circadian activity rhythm with  < 24 h for the first 30 days and later on relative coordination mediated by auditory cues. In study 2, the cross-correlation analysis between the activity profiles of the animals in LL with control animals kept under natural LD, found that there was less social synchronization in the aged. With the resubmission to the LD, the resynchronization rate was slower in the aged (t-test; p < 0.05) and in just one aged animal there was a loss of resynchronization capability. According to the data set, it is suggested that the aging in marmosets may be related to: 1) lower amplitude and greater fragmentation of the activity, accompanied to phase delay with extension of period, caused by changes in a photic input, in the generation and behavioral expression of the CAR; 2) lower capacity of the circadian activity rhythm to photic synchronization, that can become more robust in artificial lighting conditions, possibly due to the higher light intensities at the beginning of the active phase due to the abrupt transitions between the light and dark phases; and 3) smaller capacity of non-photic synchronization for auditory cues from conspecifics, possibly due to reducing sensory inputs and responsiveness of the circadian oscillators to auditory cues, what can make the aged marmoset most vulnerable, as these social cues may act as an important supporting factor for the photic synchronization.

Caracterização do ritmo circadiano de atividade e repouso em saguis idosos (Callithrix Jacchus)

Advanced age may become a limiting factor for the maintenance of rhythms in organisms, reducing the capacity of generation and synchronization of biological rhythms. In this study, the influence of aging on the expression of endogenous periodicity and synchronization (photic and social) of the circadian activity rhythm (CAR) was evaluated in a diurnal primate, the marmoset (Callithrix jacchus). This study had two approaches: one with longitudinal design, performed with a male marmoset in two different phases: adult (three years) and older (9 y.o.) (study 1) and the second, a transversal approach, with 6 old (♂: 9.7 ± 2.0 y.o.) and 11 adults animals (♂: 4.2 ± 0.8 y.o.) (study 2). The evaluation of the photic synchronization involved two conditions in LD (natural and artificial illuminations). In study 1, the animal was subjected to the following stages: LD (12:12 ~ 350: ~ 2 lx), LL (~ 350 lx) and LD resynchronization. In the second study, the animals were initially evaluated in natural LD, and then the same sequence stages of study 1. During the LL stage in study 2, the vocalizations of conspecifics kept in natural LD on the outside of the colony were considered temporal cue to the social synchronization. The record of the activity was performed automatically at intervals of five minutes through infrared sensor and actimeters, in studies 1 and 2, respectively. In general, the aged showed a more fragmented activity pattern (> IV < H and > PSD, ANOVA, p < 0.05), lower levels of activity (ANOVA, p < 0.05) and shorter duration of active phase (ANOVA, p < 0.05) in LD conditions, when compared to adults. In natural LD, the aged presented phase delay pronounced for onset and offset of active phase (ANOVA, p < 0.05), while the adults had the active phase more adjusted to light phase. Under artificial LD, there was phase advance and greater adjustment of onset and offset of activity in relation to the LD in the aged (ANOVA, p < 0.05). In LL, there was a positive correlation between age and the endogenous period () in the first 20 days (Spearman correlation, p < 0.05), with prolonged  held in two aged animals. In this condition, most adults showed free-running period of the circadian activity rhythm with  < 24 h for the first 30 days and later on relative coordination mediated by auditory cues. In study 2, the cross-correlation analysis between the activity profiles of the animals in LL with control animals kept under natural LD, found that there was less social synchronization in the aged. With the resubmission to the LD, the resynchronization rate was slower in the aged (t-test; p < 0.05) and in just one aged animal there was a loss of resynchronization capability. According to the data set, it is suggested that the aging in marmosets may be related to: 1) lower amplitude and greater fragmentation of the activity, accompanied to phase delay with extension of period, caused by changes in a photic input, in the generation and behavioral expression of the CAR; 2) lower capacity of the circadian activity rhythm to photic synchronization, that can become more robust in artificial lighting conditions, possibly due to the higher light intensities at the beginning of the active phase due to the abrupt transitions between the light and dark phases; and 3) smaller capacity of non-photic synchronization for auditory cues from conspecifics, possibly due to reducing sensory inputs and responsiveness of the circadian oscillators to auditory cues, what can make the aged marmoset most vulnerable, as these social cues may act as an important supporting factor for the photic synchronization.

A produção do cuidado no período gravídico-puerperal: experiência de mulheres usuárias de serviços públicos de saúde

Despite numerous government projects aimed at reorganizing and qualifying obstetric and neonatal care in Brazil, it remains problematic, with repercussions for maternal and newborn mortality and humanized care of both the mother and child. The objective of this study was to analyze the care provided to women during the pregnancy-puerperium cycle, based on reports of public health service users regarding their pregnancy and delivery experiences, using comprehensiveness and humanization as reference. The study applied a qualitative approach and the methodological strategy consisted of listening to the women, in order to identify, based on the meanings of their discourse concerning their experiences with health services, continuities and discontinuities of care during the pregnancy-puerperium cycle. Study participants were women who gave birth at a municipal public maternity, residents of Natal, Brazil, who at the time of the interviews, were between 10 and 42 days postpartum. Seven women reported their pregnancy and delivery experiences at public services. As interviews and observation took place, the material produced was also analyzed, in order to achieve simultaneous production and data analysis. Using systematization, a dialogue was established between the women’s discourses and production in the field of Collective Health, with respect to concepts and discussion about obstetric and neonatal care as well as the Comprehensiveness and Humanization of such care. Participant discourses underscored aspects related to prenatal care starting at pregnancy and its repercussions as well as prenatal monitoring by health services; aspects associated with care during labor and delivery, as well as those involved in postpartum in the maternity, both with respect to newborn and maternal careç and lastly, puerperium care after discharge from the maternity. Analysis of results sought to identify lines of continuity and discontinuity in the comprehensiveness and humanization of care. Based on these lines and as final contributions of the study, the following paths were proposed to achieve comprehensive and humanized production of health care for women during the pregnancy-puerperium cycle: Path 1- Reassess care in the maternal and newborn health network, aimed at comprehensiveness in terms of guaranteeing access to the various services and technological resources available to enhance health and life. Path 2- Reorganize work processes in order to attain comprehensive and humanized care for women in the pregnancy-puerperium cycle. Path 3 – Qualify the professional-user relationship in care management during the pregnancy-puerperium cycle. Path 4 – Invest in the qualification of communication processes in the different dimensions of care during the pregnancy-puerperium cycle.

A produção do cuidado no período gravídico-puerperal: experiência de mulheres usuárias de serviços públicos de saúde

Despite numerous government projects aimed at reorganizing and qualifying obstetric and neonatal care in Brazil, it remains problematic, with repercussions for maternal and newborn mortality and humanized care of both the mother and child. The objective of this study was to analyze the care provided to women during the pregnancy-puerperium cycle, based on reports of public health service users regarding their pregnancy and delivery experiences, using comprehensiveness and humanization as reference. The study applied a qualitative approach and the methodological strategy consisted of listening to the women, in order to identify, based on the meanings of their discourse concerning their experiences with health services, continuities and discontinuities of care during the pregnancy-puerperium cycle. Study participants were women who gave birth at a municipal public maternity, residents of Natal, Brazil, who at the time of the interviews, were between 10 and 42 days postpartum. Seven women reported their pregnancy and delivery experiences at public services. As interviews and observation took place, the material produced was also analyzed, in order to achieve simultaneous production and data analysis. Using systematization, a dialogue was established between the women’s discourses and production in the field of Collective Health, with respect to concepts and discussion about obstetric and neonatal care as well as the Comprehensiveness and Humanization of such care. Participant discourses underscored aspects related to prenatal care starting at pregnancy and its repercussions as well as prenatal monitoring by health services; aspects associated with care during labor and delivery, as well as those involved in postpartum in the maternity, both with respect to newborn and maternal careç and lastly, puerperium care after discharge from the maternity. Analysis of results sought to identify lines of continuity and discontinuity in the comprehensiveness and humanization of care. Based on these lines and as final contributions of the study, the following paths were proposed to achieve comprehensive and humanized production of health care for women during the pregnancy-puerperium cycle: Path 1- Reassess care in the maternal and newborn health network, aimed at comprehensiveness in terms of guaranteeing access to the various services and technological resources available to enhance health and life. Path 2- Reorganize work processes in order to attain comprehensive and humanized care for women in the pregnancy-puerperium cycle. Path 3 – Qualify the professional-user relationship in care management during the pregnancy-puerperium cycle. Path 4 – Invest in the qualification of communication processes in the different dimensions of care during the pregnancy-puerperium cycle.

Estudo da evolução das tensões residuais através da difratometria de raios x em aço rolamento submetido a esforços cíclicos

The micro-deformations caused by cyclic loading origins the variation of the distances between atoms of the crystal lattice producing the irreversible component. In order to study and understand the microstructural behavior of the material this paper investigated the influence suffered by residual stresses in thrust rolling bearing races fabricated in AISI 52100 steel, after tests by cyclic rolling contact in a tribometer at 1m/s under two contact pressures (500 MPa and 1400 MPa) in dry and boundary lubrication conditions. Procedures of tests thermo-acustically isolated were developed for monitoring the contact temperature and sound pressure level signals to establish a comparison between the residual stress measurements, micro-hardness Vickers and micrographic registers searching an indication of wear evolution. The sin²ψ method by X-ray diffraction technique was used to quantify the residual stresses. Three raceway zones were selected for the evaluation of wear and surface morphology after predetermined cycling, comparing with their new condition ("as received"). Micro-hardness and residual stress measurements showed significant changes after the tests and it was possible to observe the relationship between the increase of sound pressure level and the residual stress for dry and lubricated conditions.

Estudo da evolução das tensões residuais através da difratometria de raios x em aço rolamento submetido a esforços cíclicos

The micro-deformations caused by cyclic loading origins the variation of the distances between atoms of the crystal lattice producing the irreversible component. In order to study and understand the microstructural behavior of the material this paper investigated the influence suffered by residual stresses in thrust rolling bearing races fabricated in AISI 52100 steel, after tests by cyclic rolling contact in a tribometer at 1m/s under two contact pressures (500 MPa and 1400 MPa) in dry and boundary lubrication conditions. Procedures of tests thermo-acustically isolated were developed for monitoring the contact temperature and sound pressure level signals to establish a comparison between the residual stress measurements, micro-hardness Vickers and micrographic registers searching an indication of wear evolution. The sin²ψ method by X-ray diffraction technique was used to quantify the residual stresses. Three raceway zones were selected for the evaluation of wear and surface morphology after predetermined cycling, comparing with their new condition ("as received"). Micro-hardness and residual stress measurements showed significant changes after the tests and it was possible to observe the relationship between the increase of sound pressure level and the residual stress for dry and lubricated conditions.

Análise de falhas em rolamentos por análise de vibração aplicado a aerogeradores

With the heavy use of bearings in various segments of the industry, there are a large number of necessary interruptions in industrial processes to perform maintenance on these devices, with the case study wind turbines. The growth of the wind energy sector, encouraged to conduct research that helps to solve this problem. To contribute to predictive maintenance has been carried out a signal analysis using techniques which allow detection and location of the problem in order to prevent accidents caused and losses due to unexpected equipment failures, whereas low system rotation complicates the detection of the failure. To work around this problem, there was the indication of standard signals for defects in the bearings, making diagnosis of possible failures. With this diagnosis can be performed predictive maintenance, identifying the failure of the system that were tested, such as the introduction of grains of sand in the bearing, wear on the outer race of the bearing and bearing rust. By processing signals it is possible to construct graphs developing a mapping of defects by different peaks in the frequency band.

O "espetáculo do cabra macho" : um estudo sobre os vaqueiros nas vaquejada no Rio Grande do Norte

This body of work discusses the gender meanings associated with cowboys while endorsing contemporary rodeos in Rio Grande do Norte as a recreational sport and a form of ludic expression. As a result, this research has focused on rodeo practices, aiming to understand the different aspects emphasizing masculinity: these associations being constructed through relationships, contexts and the competitiveness between participants. These gender meanings hinge on the desire for a wining performance and on the behaviour exhibited among cowboys outside the competitive ring in specific social settings such as parties and recreational time. The latter were the focus of the ethnographic research; direct observation and semistructured interviews with cowboys in rodeo stadiums were also used. Through qualitative analysis of the collected data, it was revealed that historically and socially different trajectories do not immediately cause a gender crisis in cowboys, but the assignment of new significance by the social acts in each historical context. However, the presence of cowboys leads to other models of masculinity configured by expressions and the insertion of new personas, not coming directly from field activities, but imbued by the symbolic elements of the cowboy persona, constructed throughout history