Fontes prim��rias da hist��ria do v��cuo e da press��o atmosf��rica na sala de aula: cartas e jornais hist��ricos em articula����o com o livro-texto do ensino m��dio

The use of the History and the Philosophy of Science (HPS) for the teaching of science and scientific subjects has been advocated in recent decades. It has been pointed out that the History of Science could make for a deeper learning of scientific concepts, since it would promote a contact with the problems which that knowledge has set out to solve. Furthermore, historical episodes would serve to put the discussions about the nature of scientific knowledge into context. With a view to explore those potentialities, the literature in the field has sought to identify the challenges and obstacles for the didactic transposition of subjects from the History of Science. Amongst many aspects, the deficiencies in the training of teachers, so that they can work with the insertion of HPS in the classroom have been highlighted. Another aspect that has been mentioned to be a challenge has to do with the didactic transposition of the Primary Sources, that is, of the original texts on the History of Science. The Primary Sources have significant potentialities: making a connection possible between scientists and concepts, showing the difficulties faced during scientific endeavors, perceiving the role of mistakes as obstacles to be surpassed, not as defeat, etc. On the other hand, there has been little exploration of these concepts in an educational context, due to their own peculiarities. The original texts are often hard to understand and their interpretation demands knowledge of the historical and scientific context in which they were written, as well as skills pertaining to the conduction of research in the field of the History of Science. With this scenario in mind, the research towards this Professional MSc degree starts from the challenge of elaborating and discussing proposals which could enable the didactical transposition of the Primary Sources. We have worked specifically with Primary Sources on the History of the Vacuum and of the Atmospheric Pressure, because of the insertion of these subjects in the Brazilian High School curriculum, in connection with the didactical textbooks. "Historic Journals" were made up from clippings of the original historical texts, as was a Didactical Unit, which takes the usual textbooks as a basis and contemplates using the Journals and the entire Primary Sources in High School. At last, we have elaborated and implemented a course designed for the preparation of teachers and for being an opportunity for the discussion of the feasibility of putting these kinds of proposal into practice

Medo e viol��ncia na cidade: imagens, discursos e sociabilidade nas pra��as de Jo��o Pessoa - PB

The present work analyses and discusses the sociability in the culture of contemporary cities focusing on the theme of fear and violence in the daily life of squares in the city of Jo��o Pessoa-PB. We analyse the relations between places in town and make correlations of history and setting of neighborhoods with the process of urban growth, including recent interventions of public authorities in their public spaces. We observed in this dynamics social attitudes and actions that range from a desired peaceful coexistence to social exclusion. Thus, we discuss, based upon the imaginary vision, that the squares exist as a locus of equality, citizenship and political, and, also, as a space for everyone, despite the existence of symbolic forces working towards segregation and privatization, ruled in fear and violence. We aimed to investigate the different symbolic logics from the issue of fear and violence that allows the exclusion and the inclusion of groups and individuals in the quotidian use of public spaces of contemporary cities. We believe that the social action is demarcated by violence ant its corollary, the social fear, and operates based on the logic of a relational game always confrontational but experienced in different forms according to the social segment or group under study. We used a qualitative and quantitative methodology relating data and statistical analysis with categories created for the understanding of subjective factors. Our analyses combined ethnographic elements, periodics research and images of the city and its spaces, with the contribution of a survey that allowed comparisions of five squares of neighborhood based on the daily life under investigation. Our proposal was to deepen the investigations related to the public space of contemporary cities, expanding the look on Jo��o Pessoa and its cultural dynamics with an analysis of discourses, images, the collective imaginary and the social appropriation of the spaces based on fear and violence. The research accomplished in different areas and the analysis of images and speeches published in newspapers reports, books, advertising etc. allowed the approach of differentiated patterns of sociability in the same urban process. The neighborhoods in study are indeed spatially and economically distanced and the process of creation and construction of squares occurred in very different ways in the respective location. We defend the thesis that neighborhood community squares provide reinvigorated spaces and public spheres in the urban process and in the dynamics of sociability in the cities. These squares are also social spaces par excellence for the perception of the logic of individualism and segregation so marked by fear and violence in contemporary cities

Humor gr��fico: o sorriso pensante e a forma����o do leitor

This research investigates the graphic humor, in particular the political cartoon and the cartoon, texts characterized by mixing visual-oral language, and its contribution in the formation of the reader. Recovers the main theories about the comicality in general and verifies the presence of these concepts into the texts of graphic humor and how they articulate themselves within the process of seducing the reader. Grounded in the studies of Umberto Eco about the cultural industry products and its relations with the literary theories and the aesthetics reception. After analysing texts of graphic humor, the study concludes that the triad, image-word-humor reveal a sophisticated arrangement which allows the reader to practice effectively the political cartoons and cartoons of production, of sense, cooperating in such a singular manner to the formation of a reflexive reader

Ave! Mossor��! : os mecanismos discursivos sobre o epis��dio da resist��ncia ao bando de Lampi��o

This thesis has as objective the interdiscursive relations in the process of language construction in use in the poetic and in the journalistic spheres, with the purpose of perceiving how the genre news is constituted in different fields of social activity, as well as to analyze the argumentative processes that structure the written discourses about the resistance episode to the group of Lampi��o in Mossor�� in the year of 1927. The corpus of the research is constituted by the news of the period informed in the printed newspapers: Correio do povo and O Nordeste, both from Mossor��/RN, and the narratives presented in the cord��is de acontecido : Mossor�� in the resistance to the group of Lampi��o; Lampi��o in Mossor�� in 1927, and Mossor�� attacking to the group of Lampi��o, all potiguar poets. The analysis of the texts had as theoretical background the studies of: The texts analysis had as theoretical background The Discourse Analysis; The Argumentation Theory and the studies about Discourse Genres. We focused our discussion in the emphasis given to the news in the discursive perspective of the social-historic memory constructed in the cord��is, from ideological values (political, economical, religious etc.) that pass to be a fundamental element in the constitution of the image of the resistance. Methodologically, this is a documental research, since it makes use essentially of the written document. Regarding to the nature of the data, the research is characterized as a qualitative one. In the analysis, we considered the argumentative techniques adopted in the defense of the thesis, the meaning effects suggested, and the genres mentioned, that revealed to us the manner in which the episode was informed by the newspapers and the cord��is. That way, we affirm, based on the positions assumed by the announcers of the genres analyzed who defended clearly positions in favor of the defense of Mossor��, that the relation between both is captured interdiscursively, since they are asked by the same ideology, and converge to the same discursive formation, defending identical positions, and structuring their discussions with resembling argumentative techniques, reason by which take us to believe that the discourse presented in that social activity demonstrates and develops traces of a manipulation of the subject. In this case, the discursive construction of the text points towards determining standard of repetition, since the linguistic context is characterized in the journalistic field, and in the poetic field assuming, in the first instance, a local expression

Cartografias do desejo em asfalto selvagem - engra��adinha, seus amores e seus pecados: humor, erotismo e o porn��grafo no romance rodrigueano

Trata-se nesta disserta����o de estabelecer, partindo do pensamento contempor��neo franc��s da linha deleuziana e guattariana, sobretudo, uma anal��tica do desejo capaz de reconfigurar o romance de Nelson Rodrigues, Asfalto selvagem: Engra��adinha, seus amores e seus pecados, desterritorializ��-lo em rela����o �� tradi����o cr��tica e est��tica, fundada no paradigma realista-naturalista enraizado no pensamento liter��rio brasileiro, especificamente no s��culo XX. Movemo-nos por discuss��es sobre o autor e sobre o romance, empreendidas por Rolnik, interlocutora de Guattari, o qual est�� ligado aos novos paradigmas est��ticos, �� quest��o da produ����o de subjetividades, �� micropol��tica, ��s multiplicidades e ��s minorias. Buscamos contribuir para esse redimensionamento, colocando-nos na perspectiva cartogr��fica e rizom��tica para surpreender, em Asfalto, seus processos de subjetiva����o, incidindo sobre as singularidades selvagens, considerando os conceitos de Foucault, aplicados �� constru����o liter��ria enquanto espa��o heterot��pico, configurando a experi��ncia do fora, como princ��pios est��ticos. Veremos que as personagens, com foco em Engra��adinha, funcionam, como pequenas m��quinas desejantes, Corpos sem ��rg��os, mol��culas desestabilizando as forma����es molares. Destarte, Nelson Rodrigues, na perspectiva da produ����o autoral, torna-se o porn��grafo, o literato iterador, como agenciador de uma palavra perversa, para al��m dos dogmas, da cena romantizada, originando, em sua po��tica, a revela����o da obs-cena, a obscenidade, como cr��tica ��s institui����es falidas. Trazemos, nesse sentido, refer��ncias de Bataille, quanto ao que na atividade est��tica se relaciona com o excedente da vis��o, relacionados ao espa��o t��tico-��tico, concep����o deleuziana referentes ao corpo-linguagem, pornografia, porn��grafo, narrativas abomin��veis. Acompanhamo-nos, pois, dos conceitos da problem��tica da diferen��a e da alteridade, repercutindo na larvaridade, nas afec����es, que abrem vias comunicantes com fen��menos extremos, atuantes em torno do mesmo e do outro, trazendo a rizomaticidade do mal e da monstruosidade para a constru����o est��tica de Asfalto selvagem, vistos sob a ��tica de Bataille, Deleuze, Baudrillard, em ensaios que rompem o olhar estrutural em torno da obra e oferecem subs��dios para a constru����o de uma cartografia outra, o territ��rio do ficcional, habitado por um povo por vir, na perspectiva tratada por Deleuze e por Blanchot

Entre Mill��r e Derrida: o humor enquanto experi��ncia da alteridade e do imposs��vel

Brazilian humorist Mill��r Fernandes has a widespread work, from literature to visual arts and journalism. Yet there is the indelible mark of humor, wherever it is. In this dissertation, I propose a reading of his work by deploying French philosopher Jacques Derrida, emphasizing how the construction of the other happens. I aim at Mill��r Definitivo: A B��blia do Caos, but other works will be contemplated when necessary. In order to carry out the analysis, I will offer a general exposition of Millorian work (especially Mill��r Definitivo:A B��blia do Caos) and a general sketch of Derridian philosophy, centered on his discussion on Western philosophy, literature and alterity. At the analysis itself, I will set the methodological axis on the quasi-concept of invention. The analysis shall stress the hypothesis of humor as the experience of alterity and impossible, showing off the humorist as the totally other. In the Millorian text, that experience is characterized by conflictivity, without possibility of resolution

O Macrog��nero drama Norte-Riograndense: uma an��lise de g��nero e de discurso sob a perspectiva da lingu��stica sist��mico-funcional

The focus of this qualiquantitative research is the phenomenon we are denominating Drama-of-Rio-Grande-do-Norte, which contemplates short verse texts from the oral tradition, sung and presented on stage by women in communities on the south coast of the northeastern Brazilian State, Rio Grande do Norte. This tradition harkens to the medieval romance of the Iberian Peninsula (CASCUDO, 2001; GURGEL, 1999; GALV��O, 1993; MAGALH��ES, 1973; ROMERO,1977). The objective of this research is to: identify what characterizes the genre Drama of Rio Grande do Norte; situate this genre within a systemization of genres from the oral tradition in Rio Grande do Norte; investigate the interpersonal relationships of power and solidarity through the role of the women in the discourse, how they see themselves and others, pointing out which elements of the world they evaluate and to identify representations of the feminine in the discourse. The theory of Genre and Register of Martin and Rose (2008) and Generic Structure Potential of Hasan (1989, 1996), which has as a base the Systemic Functional Linguistics of Halliday and Matthiessen (2004), Eggins (1994) among others, offers a theoretical framework for the characterization of the genre through the identification of stages and phases configuring its typology the individual schematic structure and its topology its relation to other phenomena in the oral tradition. Other groupings were mapped of the ‗Macrogenre , from the model of Martin and Rose (2008) as a continuum on two axis: between the poles of how the genre circulates orally x in writing, and recited/individually x staged/collectively; as well as mapping the samples with relation to power using the same model, but with the poles of individual voice x collective voice on an axis between increased power and diminished power. Eleven texts described as Narratives and one Anecdote were selected for the analysis of Attitudes, and Negotiations of power. Through the quantification of semantic discursive resources in the discourse systems of Appraisal (MARTIN; WHITE, 2005) and of Negotiation (MARTIN; ROSE, 2007), as well as reflections about humor (EGGINS; SLADE, 1997) we identified the Attitudes and the Negotiations of interpersonal roles. The quantification is based on the theories of Corpus Linguistics (BERBER SARDINHA, 2010), using WordSmith Tools 5.0 (SCOTT, 2010). Our results show that the Drama-of-Rio-Grande-do-Norte is characterized as a Macrogenre in the Community of Oral Stories, in the Family of Street Theatre/Games, composed of five genre types: Narratives, Praise, Complaints, Anecdotes, and Exemplum. The Macrogenre is characterized by its being circulated orally, staged collectively and the texts analyzed configure in differing degrees of power between men and woman. In synthesis we observe that through humor, the Drama-of-Rio-Grande-do-Norte functions to offer a space for women to voice, comment, judge and orient about social conditions in their communities, such as alcoholism, domestic violence, inequalities before the law etc., as well as circulating positive appreciations of rural/coastal culture and judgments about the behavior of members of the speech community, the role of women being to establish and reinforce norms. We anticipate possible benefits of the addition of the genre analyzed in literacy projects in the schools of Rio Grande do Norte

Experi��ncia, mem��ria e humor: representa����es sociais em as filhas do arco-��ris e em primeiras est��rias.

Este trabalho analisa rela����es da experi��ncia, mem��ria e humor e investiga representa����es da inf��ncia, da velhice, da loucura e do alcoolismo no romance As Filhas do Arco-��ris, de Eul��cio Farias de Lacerda e em contos de Primeiras Est��rias, de Guimar��es Rosa, destacando-se que meninos, velhos, cegos e loucos, mesmo marginalizados, podem ser encarados como atores sociais na forma����o das comunidades. Verifica-se que essas personagens constituem uma coletividade no sentido de evocar a representa����o de indiv��duos. Tamb��m se procura examinar pr��ticas liter��rias e culturais no ��mbito do sistema liter��rio brasileiro, com ��nfase em regionalismos, oralidade e considera����es sobre literatura e sociedade. �� desse modo que se busca observar que as obras destacadas est��o inseridas numa discuss��o moderna acerca do desenvolvimento sociocultural. Portanto, a preocupa����o desta pesquisa deriva da discuss��o moderna acerca do desenvolvimento social. Diante disso, observa-se nos textos de Guimar��es Rosa e de Eul��cio Farias um tratamento narrativo em torno dessas personagens, enfatizando que as situa����es vividas por eles envolvem experi��ncias que os levam a construir, em rela����o ao contexto social, aspectos de amadurecimento, rememora����o, compartilhamento, encantamento, viagem ao desconhecido, movimentos hist��ricos, alegrias e tristezas, sempre demonstrando uma sintonia com a tem��tica da modernidade. Assim, as condi����es sociais s��o interpretadas para evidenciar e confrontar: discrimina����o, amizade, conflito, respeito, marginaliza����o, mem��ria social. Ainda s��o estabelecidas compara����es entre personagens do romance As Filhas do Arco-��ris com as de alguns contos de Primeiras Est��rias, salientando-se considera����es sobre o narrador, as inter-rela����es, regionalismo e rela����es entre literatura, organiza����o e processo social. Esta pesquisa tem por base o conceito de sistema liter��rio consolidado idealizado por Antonio Candido e os postulados de estudiosos e te��ricos como: Walter Benjamin, Jacqueline Held, Mikhail Bakhtin, Roland Barthes, Ana Paula Pacheco, Serge Moscovici, Fran��ois Laplantine, Liane Trindade

A converg��ncia digital na produ����o da not��cia: reconfigura����es na rotina produtiva dos jornais Tribuna do Norte e Extra

Coordena����o de Aperfei��oamento de Pessoal de N��vel Superior

Em nome(s) dos interesses: imagin��rios topon��micos do Rio Grande do Norte na Primeira Rep��blica

This paper has the imaginary names as a theme, from which we aim to analyze the imaginaries and invested interests that characterized the implementation and the legitimation of the First Republic in Rio Grande do Norte (1889 1930), making the process of registering names history in that place. For the construction of our object, we studied laws and provincial, state and municipal decrees; annual messages of governors; articles of the following newspapers O Povo, A Rep��blica, Di��rio do Natal, O Seridoense, A Not��cia and Jornal das Mo��as; the local cartography and historiography that talk about the study of names. The use of these resources, allied to the empiric method, was driven by a theoretic methodological contribution based on the history of the political imaginary, as discussed by Cornelius Castoriadis, Ren�� R��mond, Michel de Certeau and Maria Dick. For the understanding of the imaginaries that (de)limited the spaces of Rio Grande do Norte concerning its names during the First Republic, we bring moment back to the two last imperial decades moment of cleavage between Empire and Republic essential for the fomentation of the imaginary that embodied the organization of our study. From this period, we observe, through the names of some cities, how the northern space would be aligned to the imaginary dynamic of the new political system of the nation, and it had followed to a redirection process of the giving names action, according to the interests of the family organization Albuquerque Maranh��o, revealed while determining the names of cities, towns, streets, schools, buildings, etc., in thankfulness to the memory of its members. In the sequence we verified how a new dynamic of giving names helped to understand the process of political transition from the Coast to the Sert��o, and at the same time affirmed the power of the political and economical seridoense elite towards the government of the state in the two last decades of the First Republic

Caic��: uma cidade entre a recusa e a sedu����o

This research has as object of study the city of Caic��, Rio Grande do Norte State, between the middle part of the decade of 1920 and the beginning of 1930. It intended to perceive the projects thought to the city of Caic�� as well as the challenges due to the new ideas of modernity that were circulating around the contemporary world. So it consists in an important historical exercise about the relation between history and space in to the extent that itself comes to surface a city deals by diverse angles whose perspectives can be read in several "fragments of memory", such as newspapers, trials-crime, reports, memories, books, etc., those show the tension between the traditional and the modern way of life one. In this way, it��s tried to transform the space, giving it a new reference, inspired in what occurs in the Brazilian big cities and around the world, through the use of the techniques, of the electricity, of the movies, of the press, cars, medicine and so on. At the same time in that is necessary-itself deal with the permanencies such as the old manners and the droughts and theirs "flagellated" people. Therefore, it is in this difficult phase that is tried legitimize the city of Caic�� as the "Capital of the Serid��", in the threshold between the refusal and the seduction

Avalia����o comportamental e neuroqu��mica de ratos em dessincroniza����o for��ada: poss��veis implica����es para um modelo animal de oscila����es no humor

Bipolar disorder has been growing in several countries. It is a disease with high mortality and has been responsible by the social isolation of the patients. Bipolar patients have alterations in circadian timing system, showing a phase shift in various physiological variables. There are several arguments demonstrating alterations in circadian rhythms may be part of the bipolar disorder pathophysiology. Given the necessity for further elucidation, the goal of this study was to validate the forced desynchronization protocol as an animal model for bipolar disorder. To do this, Wistar rats were submitted to a forced desynchronization protocol which consists in a symmetrical light dark cycle with 22h. Under this protocol, rats dissociate the locomotor activity rhythm into two components: one synchronized to the light / dark cycle with 22h, and another component with period longer than 24 hours following the animal endogenous period. These rhythms with different periods sometimes there is coincidence, which we named CAP (Coincidence Active Phase) and the opposite phase, non-coincidence, called NCAP (Non-Concidence Active Phase). The hypothesis is that in CAP animals present a mania-like behavior and animals in NCAP depressive-like behavior. We found some evidence described in detail throughout this thesis. In sum, the animals under forced desynchronization protocol were more stressed, showed an increase in stereotypic behaviors such as grooming and reduction in other behaviors such as risk assessment and vertical exploration when compared to the control group. The CAP animals showed increased locomotor activity, especially during the dark phase when compared to controls (rats under T24) and less depressive behavior in the forced swim test. The animals in NCAP showed a higher anxiety in elevated plus maze, but they don t have ahnedonia. The animals under dissociation have more labeled 5HT1A cells at the amygdala area, which appoint that they have more amygdala inhibition. Taking these data together, we could partially validated the forced desynchronization protocol as an animal model for mood oscillations