Por trás das grades :reflexões sobre a experiência do ser apenado na situação de privação de liberdade

This research has resulted of investigations appeared from our work experience as psychologist in a prison of the state Rio Grande do Norte. It deals with the meeting with prisoner in the search for the rescue of the human being dignity, discovering the being that finds annulled by backwards of the prison. The current debate on the prisoners in Brazil has as focus the creation of efficient strategies in the combat to the criminal acts, not being worried in understanding the historical and social conditions in the context in which such acts develop. Our objective was to reach an understanding of the experience of the prisoner in the situation of freedom deprivation in Natal (RN) city. Its significant social relevance meets in emphasized thematic which intends to be revealing of the not-said one of these citizens. The epistemological space and the vision of adopted human being support in the humanist ideas of the Centered Approach in the Person and construct self, central nucleus of the personality theory proposal by Carl Rogers. We opt to the phenomenological method as way of access to the singularity of the experience of each one of the participants, supporting us in the strategy of the narrative as expression of the lived world. The results had pointed that the investigated experience is through suffering, that is, the way to be in the world of prisoner in the situation of freedom deprivation is felt by him/her as difficult to support. This reality is had by him/her as difficult to control, having a negative emotional repercussion for the self, leading the citizen to the alienation of his/her existential flow in these circumstances. The reflections produced in this work take us to consider that the punishment practices on behalf of a normalization of the behavior, linked to the recovery idea, do not meet to the intention of the arrests, that come demonstrating to the inefficacy of the objectives shown in the law as well as the loss of the human being dignity

A redução de danos no atendimento especializado em álcool e outras drogas

The harm reduction HR is the official policy of Ministry of Public Health to deal with problem derived from alcohol consumption and other drugs AD. The HR refers to policies and support programs whose purpose is to reduce the risks related to the use of AD, without necessarily decrease individual consumption. This research aim was to analyze the HR conceptions and practices at two specialized institutions for AD users: 1) Psychosocial Care Center Alcohol and Drugs III (CAPSad III); 2) Therapeutic Community Fazenda da Esperança (FE) Dom Bosco. This is a qualitative research that used the following methodological tools: semi-structured interview with 21 professionals; socio demographic file and rounds of conversation with 63 participants users; participant observation and field journal. The interviews with professionals have characterized HR as a less complex and cheap treatment. At FE the HR proposal does not make part of their actions, being considered ―against the human being dignity‖. At CAPSad III is understood as an ―inevitable‖ guideline to service, once users do not remain abstinent. The users understand RD as an improvement in healthy conditions, social relations and work that occurs with the decreasing consumption of AD. They use the HR when they avoid situations that facilitate AD consumption, share relapse prevention strategies and, exclusively at CAPSad III, decrease psychotropic consumption. Stands out as an analyzer the HR comprehension as a less efficient treatment that opposes to the objective of both institutions, which is abstinence. The HR is not operationalize in daily routine by professionals and users as a healthy promotion strategy, however, the users are more affected to HR and produce strategies to face the difficulties arising from the AD consumption

O direito social fundamental de acesso à energia elétrica e a atuação estatal

Electrical energy today is an essential element in the life of any human being. Through the access to electrical energy it is possible to enjoy dignified conditions of life, having in mind the possibility of making use of minimal material conditions of life. The lack of access to electricity is directly linked to poverty and degrading conditions of life, in which are some communities in Brazil, especially the more isolated from urban centers. Access to the electric service is a determining factor for the preservation of human dignity, constitutional principle inscribe in the art.1 of the Federal Constitution, and the promotion of development, being a right of everyone and a duty of the State to promote universal access. For that reason, focuses mainly on the analysis of their setting as a fundamental social right and its importance for national development. For this, the theoretical and descriptive method was used, with normative and literary analysis, in particular the Constitution of 1988. This study also discusses the form of action of the State in the energy sector, to give effect to the fundamental social right of access to electricity, the characteristics of public service and the principles that guide it, in addition to the role of public policies in universalization of access, in particular the analysis of the Program Luz para Todos, and the function of regulation in the implementation of these policies and the provision of adequate public services.

Proteção da relação de emprego sob o prisma da dignidade da pessoa humana

This work aims to show that the protection of the employment relation is one of the determining factors to respect the principle of the human dignity. The goal is initially to show the devaluation of work from antiquity to the early twentieth century, when the constitutions began to standardize protective devices. This way, the consecration of the social labor rights in the Constitution of 1988 represents the culmination of the historical achievements. This work demonstrates that such rights can not be reduced or suppressed by political conveniences, once these rights are included in the list of immutable clauses. It is displayed that to achieve the fundamental right to work is not well advised to encourage the creation of jobs that maculates the worker s dignity. The outsourced work is, therefore, a classic example of the advancement of precarious forms of contemporary labor. It is inferred that the presence of various forms of harassment results in a degradation of working environment, bringing about dire consequences on professional and personal life of the worker. Thus, decent work must be the appropriate benchmark for the creation of new jobs. It is also shown that the flexibilization of the propaganda rights by certain pressure groups has as main goal to reduce or eliminate rights, based on fallacious data depicting an increase of competitiveness and jobs. In addition, the flexibility implies a growth of the precarization of the work - a reality felt by many workers subjected to such a situation due to the unemployment phenomenon whose origin is not in the protectionism of the norms. It is necessary to expand and structure the constitutionally legitimate institutions to monitor and curb the precarized work, as well as all practices that go against the dignity of the worker. It is also shown the loss of power of the sindicates in the last few years as a consequence of the pulverization workes and the capital attacks through the productive restructure whose outsourcings and privatizations are notorious examples

O quinto momento do homem: ética e dignidade

This work has as objective to rise stages of the human beings dignity evolution and its superposing with the entirety and the men s activities development, until its elevation as a constitutional principle and its evolution as a judicial decisions vector, being important to register that conviction ethics or convenience ethics imposes the existence of the constitutional principle. Human beings dignity principle deals about a historic and cultural, politic and social and economical construction, whose sloping is violently imposed to the production resources, which drives the present work through a trial of clarifying and aggregating all those nuances of the men s stages until they find out, welcome and construct the human beings dignity in all its subjective and objective aspects. The adopted research method was based in historic enrolment of the appearance among people since the bases of the word dignity until the acceptation of this value in the Brazilian society. This research searched dignity s doctrinaire valuation at the juridical point of view and the way of appreciation of this value, in its condition of constitutional principle, by the Brazilian Judicial Power. The work concludes that man and Law s evolution, in this moment, exposes, necessarily, an ethical posture in favor of dignity

Parâmetros de concretização judicial do direito fundamental à saúde no fornecimento de medicamentos

In Brazil, social rights have always been considered secondary legal categories, whose implementation could wait for the pending of political decisions. At the end of the Second World War, International Law emphasizes the protection of human beings, raising his dignity as a legal pillar of the legal orders and one of the main foundations of Constitutions. At the post-positivism Constitutionalism, the realization of social rights receives special attention with the assumption of supremacy and normativity of the Constitutions, while the judiciary participates in the realization of democracy, not only as applicator of laws, but also as the guardian of constitutionality of the acts and administrative omissions, creatively contributing to the constitutional achievement, filling gaps and normative state omissions. In this aspect, the supply of medicines, whose costs can not be supported by the individual, keep a close connection with the right to life, health and dignity of the human being, as the subject of numerous lawsuits directed against the Public Administration. Such phenomenon has caused intense debate regarding judicial activism and legitimacy of these decisions, particularly on the need to define what are the limits and possibilities considering the principle of separation of powers and the principle of reserve of the possible; bieng this the problematic developed in this research. Thus, this research aims to verify the legitimacy of judicial decisions that determines to the Public Administration the compulsory providing of medicine to those who can not afford the cost of their treatment, as well as, contribute to the dogmatic constructions of parameters to be observed by judicial interference. Regarding the methodology, this research has an investigative and descriptive caracter and an theoretical approach based on bibliographical data collection (judicial and doutrine decisions) that received qualitative treatment and dialectical approach. As a result, it is known that the judicial decision that determines the supply of medicines to those individuals who can not afford them with their own resources is legitimate and complies with the democratic principle, not violating the principle of separation of powers and the reserve of the possible, since the judicial decison is not stripped with an uniform and reasonable criteria, failing to contain high burden of subjectivism and witch signifies a possible exacerbation of functions by the judiciary, suffering, in this case, of requirement of legal certainty. It is concluded that the Court decision that determines the government the providing of medicine to those who can not afford the cost of treatment should be based on parameters such as: the protection of human dignity and the minimum existencial principle, the inafastable jurisdiction principle; compliance critique of the possible reserve principle; subsidiarity of judicial intervention; proportionality (quantitative and qualitative) in the content of the decision; the questioning about the reasons for non-delivery of the drug through administrative via; and, finally, the attention not to turn the judiciary into a mere production factor of the pharmaceutical industry, contributing to the cartelization of the right to health

Direitos da personalidade: uma análise acerca da concretização da tutela constitucional

It dares to ensure that the Constitution of the Republic strengthened the rights of personality. No longer considering the denial of protection to intangible rights, against the imperative command coming from the art. 5 ° of our highest law, relevant to items V and X. Overlooking these emerge with precision, those rights of personality. Innocuous have been isolated attempts of the opposition to this constitutional protection. Deny it, or rather to restrict it, as it has done insignificant part of the doctrine and isolated judgmental pronouncements, no longer prove appropriate. Today, more than before, there is pointed out that if the human being has personal rights acquired from the design, adding to this other identity elements that allow the projection of a particular social personality. Such rights, it is worth mentioning, there are bases on the principle of human dignity that is considered general provision for the protection of personality. Based on the demonstration of this fact, after climbing into the general theory of personal rights and demonstrate the legal protection that has been present in his favor, it is hoped will, general objective, to show the effectiveness of this constitutional protection. At that point, will be reserved for special to the procedural tools that it has made a decisive contribution to the realization and effectiveness of the rights of the personality, a reality that must be imposed for the benefit of the dignity of the human person, presented here as basic foundation of the Democratic State of Law. The brazilian legal system provides the normative basis needed to provide an adequate protection to personality, from the general clause of the protection of the personality. For the achievement of its effectiveness, however, is an important update methodological and cultural of the Right as well as an effective deployment of public policies and private ensuring a better quality of life for citizens

Racionalidade substantiva no processo decisório: um estudo em instituições que lidam com o tratamento oncológico infantojuvenil na cidade de Natal-RN

The present study regards an applied social research (qualitative) performed in two institutions which lead children s cancer treatment in Natal, Rio Grande do Norte. The main goal of this study is, as of a literature review at works which characterizes the first generations of study about substantive rationality, to detect Decision Making process related aspects that may serve as a basis to elaborate analysis categories from decision making process, aggregating them into a new study that may provide an advance to the theme in administrative science. The academic works based on the analysis model created by Mauricio Serva served as a basis to deep research into such theme, which verifies the predominant rationality in eleven administrative internal processes in productive organizations. This dissertation intends to go beyond the identification of the predominant rationality by elaborating new categories of analysis, and making possible the continuity of the subject in administrative science. Based on Guerreiro Ramos s work, which sees a kind of ideal organization, as known as isonomies, this study still calls upon Karl Polanyi s thoughts, which with the objective of comprehending the independent economic phenomenon of the value that allows considering non-market economies, find that the economy of the men is submerged in his social relations; it also rescues the studies from Max Weber who investigates the meaning of social action to better understand the rationality, and refers to the study of Jürgen Habermas, who proposes a broader conception about rationality, within the theory of communicative action. As a result of this theme s review, seven analysis categories of the decision making process have been formulated. They were applied in the institutions that had been chosen and helped to detect the type of predominant rationality in the categories of the decision making process. The results confirm that, although the decisions making process involves rational elements, such as information, identification of alternatives, there are also specific values of each individual with his experience and view oh the world, permeated not only by instrumental rationality, but also by substantive rationality. The study has verified that two similar institutions may show different types of rationality in the decision making process, when decision factors may tend to instrumental rationality, according to administration classic way, as well as they may emerge from substantive rationality, thus contributing to the process of emancipation of the human being in his sphere of work

Análise bioclimática do bairro do Renascença II São Luis-MA: realidade e perspectiva do conforto térmico em espaços externos

The present research concerns about outdoor s thermal comfort conditions in hot-humid climate cities, understanding that life quality is a result of the urban object s type built for the human being in an environment with specific climate and morphological characteristics. It is presented as object of study the correlation between the neighborhood Renascença II s microclimate in São Luis /MA-Brazil, hot-humid climate city, and its urban morphological changes. As well as the thermal comfort s satisfaction level of its outdoor users. The research has as general goal to diagnosis the way these transformations caused by the urbanization influence the Renascença II s microclimate, identifying critical spots of the studied area, in order to contribute with land use recommendations based on bioclimatic architecture concepts and supply bases to urban design decisions adequate to the São Luis climate. It is presented as theoretical bases the urban climate, its concepts and elements. After that, the thermal comfort conditioners and its prediction models of thermal comfort sensation in outdoor are presented. The predictive models are presented along with bioclimatic assessment methods. Finally the use of bioclimatic assessment as an effective tool to identify places that need changes or preservation in order to seek environment quality. The applied methodology was based on the studies of Katzschner (1997), complemented by Oliveira s (1988) and Bustos Romero s (2001) studies that suggest an analysis and evaluation of maps of topography, buildings floors, land use, green areas and land covering, in order to overlap their characteristics and identify climate variable s measurements points; then a quantitative analysis of the climate variables (air temperature and humidity, wind speed and direction) of the chosen points takes place. It was perceived that Renaissance II has no permanence areas as squares or parks, its outdoor has little vegetation and presets high land impermeability and built density levels. The majority of the people interviewed said that was comfortable in a range of air temperature between 27,28ºC and 30,71ºC. The elaboration of a neighborhood master plan is important, which defines strategies for improvement of the life quality of its inhabitants

The Beatles: ensaio sobre a ética do amor

The thesis intends to discuss the ethics by the way of love. So, it uses as a mention the musical work and the set of attitudes of the group that changed the way of thinking across the 20th Century mass-comm, entering a new way of thinking about the World: The Beatles. Analyzing the lyrics and the writing of the songs was searched the comprehension of he intrinsic love message at the Ethics it expresses. At the musical art of The Beatles political messages had been announced in a time that the World sought a Ethic way beyond the several declared war and the Cold War. Taking the Edgar Morin works as a base, O método 6, Ética (2005), it sought to understand the idea who permeates the human relations: the good, the possible, the necessary. Another works used as a cognitive base were Meus demônios (2003), Cultura de massas no Século XX: neurose (2005), Cultura de massas no Século XX (2006), The Beatles Anthology (2000) and Many years from now (2000). Holding the Ethics idea showed by Morin were established imaginary lines that perpass the behavior of the group known in the entire World understood till nowadays as tolerance, comprehension, peace, love and endurance messengers. The Beatles operate during the sixties a musical reborn, which allowed to the people the discussion and the reflexion about the World and the human being new behavior,endurance but acting with tolerance. Permeating the basic study, we find the Beatles way, the group origin, the fast walk till success, the spiritual choice, who guide their behavior and the end of the band. The music used as a masscomp instrument passes by the condition of a simple way of communicating. It deeply action feeds feelings, allows transcendence and is showed as target of human being transformation. The Ethics in music passes by the ideological barriers and becomes to comprehension with a clear synthony for the man, cause the polyphony and the new musical order establish the messages worldwide

Ilha dos indivíduos: a construção social da fortaleza moderna

The aim of this work is to analyze the phenomenon of the partner-space segregation in the city of Fortaleza, having as reference the sprouting of recent forms of housing that privilege areas with desert-like aspects, and the removal from the popular accumulations, which is becoming the shelter of the populations economically favored of the capital. Our field study was developed in the land division Alpha Village, a located urban enterprise in the east of the city. Different from the research that deals with the question of segregation as a sui generis product of the partner-economic inequality, we opt to an analysis directed more towards the dimension of the subjectivity, searching the roots of the phenomenon in the proper constitution of the human being. From interviews with the inhabitants of the related land division, we decided to analyze the social imaginary significances (Castoriadis) that composed their speech, and that they defined in this way, its representations concerning themselves, as strangers that cross the streets of the cited space, becoming thus suspected in potential. Inside our perspective, the segregation gains a ambiguous connotation, therefore at the same time that it authorizes the symbolic destruction of the other, it is also a tool that aids to support the "pain of the unreliability"

Fé & Cia. LTDA: consumo religioso na sociedade contemporânea

The present work is an exercise of analysis from the cultural exercises related to movie high one of its raised status more with the deity, the human being surrenders it Religion leaving puzzleds the prophets of its end. The purpose of this work is to show that the religious phenomenon is one of the essential components of the socialization human being. The religious dimension, although to have been kept out of society in modernity - it was cybernetics, is an indispensable compassing to guide the human being in the discovery of its true existencial direction. For this, to attenuate the legacy without appropriate title, overwhelming and despairing of the producing and consumer goods society, it is indispensable to add as basic part to the practical one of the religion. And this practice is specify at the acquirement as of commodities objects , than it is to they are consecrate, exercising um magical power under the assistants from the religion. The fair religious Expo Religious, like the Expo Crest (fair as of commodities and service of the Evangelist) and the one Expo Catholic (fair as of commodities and service of the Catholics), appears at the I initiate from the century 21 at the association Brazilian about to cater the litigation of the market religious at every their segments. The and objective of this research is bring forward those two fairs in the format as of Expo and your contribution at the dynamic from the religion crest at the association he acts

Campo e contracampo : o encontro com o outro no filme Lavoura Arcaica

This dissertation aims to comprehend how we meet with the other at cinema. For this, it receives the doubt, the uncertainty, the way that the human being is unfinished as stance of observation. It takes into consideration the multiples social vectors, historical, subjective, temporal and cultural which constitute these phenomena. The cinema is used as a cognitive resource in order to incorporate the poetic and the imaginary, making possible not forgetting gestures and knowledge that hatch from sounds, colours, remembrances, images, words, social exchanges, cognitive reciprocity that allow us to think about the culture, the society and the communication. For this, it has as theoretical prerequisites ideas of double (myselfthe other) and effective participation (projection-identification) developed by Edgar Morin, as well as the idea of communication as possibility/impossibility of constructions of bonds with the other through the body, our primary media, concepts developed by Harry Pross and Norval Baitello Jr. The chosen film to analysis is Lavoura Arcaica, it is an emblematic movie in the discussion of the human condition and in the relationship between the man and its body, its desires, with its nature/culture ambivalence. About this film are made reflections about the process of activation of the double (myself-the other) in the searching for the other through cinematographically elements of construction, as: montage, direction, screenplay, actors, scenography, costumes and soundtrack. In conclusion, the cinema, when it allows the effective participation and provides t e experiment of the double, becomes a gateway line in the path to development of the alterity

Bioética e biodireito: interfaces e confluências

This thesis addresses the development of technoscience in times of transnational globalization and highlights the vulnerability of the discourse of social progress, which may be replaced by evidence of social risk before the artificiality of nature and humanity. That demands an ethical and legal responses to events that impose the necessity of an ethical control in biotechnology research involving human beings contributing to the rise of Bioethics and Biolaw as fields of knowledge. This theme is studied from a multidisciplinary perspective seeking a dynamic dimension in the interpretation of research data reconnecting Social Sciences to Legal Sciences (Biolaw) and to Philosophy (Bioethics), in order to obtain answers to the problems posed. The objective delimited is to examine the interfaces between Biolaw and Bioethics, in order to observe the confluence of these areas of knowledge. Biolaw is considered as a new legal branch derived from the paradigmatic transition of Law and wonders how it will stand before questions resulting of social transformations caused by biotechnological development that endangers humans and society. It is concluded that the relationship between Bioethics and Biolaw is recursive and inseparable and it contributed to the "unthink" of traditional legal model of linear view/reductionist allowing that the "certainties" will be replaced by "possibilities", which comes to enable Biolaw to confront the issues caused by the development of biotechnology that violates physically and morally the human person. It is perceived, therefore, that Biolaw is driven and aided by bioethical reflections and it positions itself before the dilemmas caused by biotechnology in creating, interpreting and applying coercive rules which aims to protect the human being, his offspring and society

As práticas educativas na saúde da família: uma cartografia simbólica

This qualitative research aimed to understand the educational activities carried out in Family Health Units, of the municipality of Mossoró-RN. It was used symbolic cartography to organize and present data from reality. It started on the approach of Health Education and knowledge transformation practice, aiming at the development of autonomy and responsibility of individuals and healthcare, publicized by the appreciation of the interpersonal relations area established in services, such as educational emancipator practices contexts. Individual and collective interviews were realized, conducted with health professionals and users of ESF, about themes, activities, membership, the difficulties, the potential and the design of health education that permeate everyday Family Health Strategy. From what was apprehended, thematic maps were done with the analysis of educational practices of professionals belonging to the Family‟s Health. Links are built with the wires of conceptions of education reflected on themes and activities of family health teams. The storylines are rebinded by voices about the difficulties and the potential of educational processes for emancipator postures. For users, health education means proper care and information on disease prevention. Professionals understand that it is all information that is given to users, about health, social well-being, economic and general condition of human being as a way of preventing and treating disease. Mark printed on voices denote that activities and themes worked don‟t motivate users enough for their participation, being that physicians and dentists also get excluded themselves from educational practices. Elderly groups are those who get most involved with the activities. The size of the contained area and its seclusion from community make harder the access of users, as well as diminishing the quality of educational actions and links users-professionals. Therefore, the searching for medicines, medical consultations and wish to be well served are trademarks of voices from the users that interconnect with enlightening information and guidelines offered by professionals to users. It brings out practices that need to incorporate the social, the subjective and act with practices of prevention and health promotion, on the basis of lifestyles. The dialogical model, which needs to be approached since planning phase of health education actions could arouse interest of involved groups; promoting a relationship of dialogue and listening; discussing the local reality; stimulating practical methodological dialetics; promoting processes of deconstruction of concepts, values and attitudes, as more necessary than construction, using multiple languages. The defended thesis denotes paths to other studies aimed at understanding a dialogical template committed to exchanges of knowledge, and discover strategies that encourage formation of critical consciousness and the discovery of how is the training of new generations of healthcare professionals to belong to the project of society, in its technical, scientific, pedagogical, ethical, political and humanistic dimensions