Investigações em torno do antropocentrismo e da atual crise ecológica

Many environmental ethics thinkers bear the existing ecological crisis is resultig from the fact that both, our thoughts and our actions would be antropocentric. It means that they (our thoughts and our actions) would have the human needs and wishes satisfaction as their only goals. However, a careful investigation about the relationship among humans could perhaps unveil that we are not antropocentric yet. The aim of this work is to enlighten this: whether we think and act in an antropocentric way as it seems to be largely accepted. It seems that we have found a satisfatory answer to the question

Da crise do estado à democracia como alvo: Observações sobre o neoliberalismo a partir de Friedrich Hayek e Milton Friedman

The neoliberalism proclaims the crisis of the State in front of globalization , but, approaching two books taken as basic on this theoretical chain - The road to serfdom, of Friedrich Hayek, and Capitalism and Freedom, of Milton Friedman - to analyze this supposed dualism, the conclusion into which we arrive is another one. Remembering liberal tradition and quickly, later, analyzing critically the workmanships, can be perceived that others are the conflicts really gifts in the current capitalist reality - market versus State et capitalism versus democracy - and, from the understanding on the reading made and the theoretical trajectory of its authors, we may see as the neoliberalism locates itself in relation to these conflicts, which polar regions of these antagonisms privileges, what represents the State for itself, and what it intends as much more global philosophy than economic/politics thinking only

Razão: origem, crise e respostas contemporâneas

The philosophical discussion has been present throughout the whole history of reason, for philosophy and reason have been always closely linked. In the following work, Reason, origin, crises and contemporary answers I go into the history of the rational and demonstrative thought, focusing on how rationality can be thought about in contemporary philosophy. To answer this question I discuss the principle of philosophy, the mythical period and the thoughts of Heraclito , Parmenides , Plato and Aristotle in relation to reason and rationality. Also discussed is the medieval period and the philosophical use of logic and the criticism of Aristotle s thoughts, especially focusing on the criticism of Hegel and Luckasiewicz of the non contradiction principle. Lastly I discuss the development of reason in present day philosophy, mainly how modern logics could be putting at stake Aristotle s model of reason

A crise de legitimidade na democracia representativa e o desatendimento aos direitos fundamentais: um enfoque participativo-educacional

This study aims to bring reflection on the legitimacy crisis of the Brazilian representative democracy, which results in non-attendance of fundamental rights, regarding legal and social facts in light of the existing constitutional order and seeking solutions in more democratic procedures and in a more humane, critical, democratic and collaborative education. It has been an issue for some time the understanding that the authorities do not meet the basic needs of Brazilian citizens - the only way to make them autonomous and sufficiently able to conduct their lives in a competitive and globalized labor market. Such situation only worsened - as illustrated by the social movements in mid-2013 - when people took to the streets, showing a noticeable dissatisfaction with public services in general, and some other groups presenting specific complaints in those events. To find solutions or at least suggestions for the reflection of the problem found, a current approach to public authorities was necessary attempting to reveal how the constitutional order authorizes their operation and how - in fact - they act. In this endeavour, the legitimacy of power was discussed, involving the analysis of its origin, to whom it belongs and the legitimacy of deficit situations, concluding that it is only justified as it gets more democratic influence, with greater participation of people in its deliberations and decisions, with its plurality and complexity. Research carried out by official institutions was necessary to have evidence of the low level of social development of the country and the nonattendance of minimum basic rights, as well as exposure to various acts and omissions which show that all public authorities do not legitimately represent the people's interests. The competence of the Supreme Court to establish the broader scope of the remuneration policy in the public service received proper attention, presenting itself as an effective means to promote the reduction of the remuneration and structural inequality in public service and contributing to better care of fundamental rights. Also, considerations were made about the Decree 8243/2014, which established the National Policy for Social Participation (NPSP) and the National System of Social Participation (NSSP) and took other measures with the suggestion of its expansion into the legislative and judiciary powers as a way to legitimize the Brazilian democracy, considering its current stage. In conclusion, it is presented the idea expressed by the most influential and modern pedagogical trends for the creation of a participatory, solidary, non-hierarchical and critical culture since the childhood stage. This idea focuses on the resolution of questions addressed to the common good, which considers the complexity and the existing pluralism in society with a view to constant knowledge update. Knowledge update is in turn dynamic and requires such action, instilling - for the future generations - the idea that the creation of a more participatory and collaborative democracy is needed to reduce social inequality as a way to legitimize and promote social welfare, with the implementation of a policy devoted to meet the minimum fundamental rights to ensure dignity to the population.

Estudo do usuário com deficiência visual: um importante instrumento sócio-inclusivo de pesquisa e formação para o profissional de biblioteconomia perante as necessidades informacionais de pessoas com deficiência

SANTOS, Christiane Gomes; ALMEIDA, Edson Marques. Estudo do usuário com deficiência visual: um importante instrumento sócio-inclusivo de pesquisa e formação para o profissional de biblioteconomia perante as necessidades informacionais de pessoas com deficiência. In: SEMINÁRIO DE PESQUISA DO CCSA, 16., 2010, Rio Grande do Norte. Anais eletrônicos... Natal: UFRN, 2010. Disponível em:

Contaminação ambiental e exploração capitalista ao meio ambiente: os resíduos sólidos na sociedade global

O mundo atual passa por uma crise ambiental sem precedentes na história, o que resulta em conseqüências ambientais perceptíveis e preocupantes. Governos e organizações internacionais têm dado maior relevância à variável ambiental como um dos principais eixos de definição das políticas de crescimento/desenvolvimento econômico, como o intuito de adequar as demandas sociais aos limites naturais. Como consequências dessa forma perdulária de produção e consumo da sociedade global temos a contaminação ambiental ampliada e diversificada. O presente artigo discute a acumulação capitalista no setor dos resíduos sólidos, partindo da hipótese da impossibilidade de se diminuir a geração ampliada dos resíduos, sendo necessário que se crie estratégias de gestão e tratamento para os resíduos baseados na atividade da reciclagem dos materiais. A parte final expõe os paradigmas da questão dos resíduos sólidos na sociedade global.

Volatilidade dos retornos e governança: um estudo de eventos da crise do subprime

The financial crisis that occurred between the years 2007 and 2008, known as the subprime crisis, has highlighted the governance of companies in Brazil and worldwide. To monitor the financial risk, quantitative tools of risk management were created in the 1990s, after several financial disasters. The market turmoil has also led companies to invest in the development and use of information, which are applied as tools to support process control and decision making. Numerous empirical studies on informational efficiency of the market have been made inside and outside Brazil, revealing whether the prices reflect the information available instantly. The creation of different levels of corporate governance on BOVESPA, in 2000, made the firms had greater impairment in relation to its shareholders with greater transparency in their information. The purpose of this study is to analyze how the subprime financial crisis has affected, between January 2007 and December 2009, the volatility of stock returns in the BM&BOVESPA of companies with greater liquidity at different levels of corporate governance. From studies of time series and through the studies of events, econometric tests were performed by the EVIEWS, and through the results obtained it became evident that the adoption of good practices of corporate governance affect the volatility of returns of companies

O processo de urbanização de Mossorò: dos processos históricos à estrutura urbana atual

The general objective of this academic work is to analyze the relationship between the territorial division and the urban expansion process of Mossoró city, understood here as the production and occupation of space. The urban expansion in Mossoró, since its formation as settlement in 1772 until current days, identifies with the Brazilian urbanization process whose growth is determined by the capitalist development. Thus, the expansion was determined by several economical specializations imposed by the territorial division of work which occurs at an interregional level, and, sometimes at an international level. Then, each specialization determined a moment of the urban expansion of the city, as follows: a) The cattle farmer specialization, between 1772 and 1857, when the urban expansion was shy, is summarized to a commercial square that received goods from Aracati aiming to cover a wide rural area; b) The commercial emporium specialization, between 1857 and 1930, when the urban expansion took an important impulse with the concentration of public and private capitals; c) The salt industry and the agricultural-industrial exporter specialization inside a state of development policy, between 1930 and 1970, when the urban expansion, joined to the settlement of the working class in the urban soil, developed along an important axis -the railway; d) The render of services specialization inside a state of intervention policy, between 1970 and 1990, when the urban expansion was characterized by the accelerated growth rhythm, by the reuse of some spaces, and by space segregation of demanding people; e) The render of services policy inside a neoliberal state policy, since 1990 until current days, when the urban expansion reduced its rhythm abruptly, when only small alterations occurred in the existing spaces. It focused on social policies and on several slums eradication programs. Finally, the territorial structure is deeply articulated with others, no territorial, but economical, social and political, which happens at a national, regional and local rate. Only within a historical and conceptual panorama, it was possible to explain the urban expansion in Mossoró from its formation in 1772 until current days. Therefore, this work is a several discipline analysis of the urbanization process existing in Mossoró

Educação ambiental: um estudo de experiências nas escolas municipais de Natal

This a research on pedagogical experiences about Environmental Education carried out in selected schools of the municipal education net of the city of Natal, Rio Grande do Norte State. This study occurs in a where social and environmental problems reach great dimensions and provoke discussions all over the planet. Inside this social context where education is taken as a form intervention in the world, several methodological and theoretical approaches emerge indicating Environmental Education tendencies as different ways to face challenges due to environmental crisis. The maim question pursued by the research is to inquiry how schools have developed their Environmental Education experiences. Pedagogical experiences on Environmental Education are analyzed in selected schools having as theoretical framework ideas for social change, by human action accordingly to Hanna Arendt‟s thought, and Marx‟s idea of praxis, (1989). The objective is to identify, to know and to map the pedagogical experiences on Environmental Education carried out in selected schools of the municipality teaching net having sociological cartography as a methodological strategy for analyzing empirical data. The results of the research pointed out existing reductionist and behaviorist-pedagogical perspectives as for as Environmental Education is concerned as well as environmental understanding, showing a predominance of the conservative Environmental Education tendency inside schools

Instâncias da representação imagética hiper-real

The approach that undertakes this work revolves around the emergence of iconic structures on reflecting about the meaning of different methods of image representation through which the contemporaneity reveals itself. At baseline, three aspects are considered looking for an analytical ontology of the act of representation and imagery: the transition of representation in the oral culture of societies for writing, from these to typography, and finally the creation of a representation device. Resorted to, therefore, the argument by some genealogy reference points that technological instances such as writing, printing and photography, the evolution of this process, correspond, in itself, a consequent shift technique, for each representation precedent. In the area of the image, the most salient aspect of this change in foward process is the emergence of hyper-reality: the instances of hyper-realistic representation. In the Western context, the 'simulation of the world' - essential idea of mimesis is the work of an autonomous an conventional system. It should be noted, then the fact that under unreflective of the post-industrial societies, the mass-media image is coating with natural or fake code including - according to Baudrillard - tends to replace the real world in the "perpetuation of a large chain of simulacra." Hence in modern times, in the postindustrial society, during the crisis of the representation regimen and perception, centered in the referent. In this limit, new settings are established by aesthetic representations of imagery in contemporary culture: establishing spaces of simulation [Jean Baudrillard] the spectacle [Guy Debord] and hypermodernity [Gilles Lipovetsky] in which they operate. In these assemblages, saps the emergence of Hyper-reality Representation Instances - as seen in this study aesthetic events to configure itineraries of a new sensibility. It is the nature of this practice sign-iconic, ingrained in the creation of current artistic expression, which this research engaged in peering: the hyper-realistic setting, taking empirical support central to contemporary imagery production, diverse formats of analog representation.

Reestruturação produtiva e terceirização : o caso dos trabalhadores das empresas contratadas pela Petrobrás no RN

This thesis is inserted on the discussion about the productive reframing and its reflexes concerning the world of work, in the current crisis stage in the capitalist way of production. This study deals with the impacts of outsourcing in relation to workers of companies subhired by Petrobras, in the State of Rio Grande do Norte, since decade of 1990. It is demonstrated that outsourcing in the oil sector, used mainly as a way to reduce costs of production, contributed to the raising of precarious conditions and relations of work. The transformation to the way of organization in the production, has intensified with the outsourcing, represented to the companies a bigger gain in productivity and a better control over the workers. These changings, that reconfigure the profile of the oil work force, allowed, among other things, reduction in numbers of the effective workers in the table of employees of Petrobras, the raising of relation concercing instable works, the raising in numbers of young workers, with a little or none qualification, reduction in the salary pattern of the professional class, illegal withholdment of labourite rights and the raising of risks to the health and security of the workers

Democracia participativa e regulação econômica: uma questão de legitimidade

This work presents an analysis about the legitimation of independent regulatory commission`s rulemaking power by participation procedure. It is observed that political and administrative decentralization and fragmentation of State, with the purpose of approaching citizens and provide, more efficiently, the functions acquired by the passage of the Welfare State, leads to a deficit of legitimacy (democratic crisis), which is noticeable in the making of legal norms by directors of independent regulatory commission to regulate specific economic sector. However, we understand that this crisis stems from the observation of the contemporary world from dogmas and legal institutions of the eighteenth century, without their evolution and adaptation to the modern world. The legitimacy must be perceived as the justification of power, relation command /obedience, which, from the Modern State, has the democracy as standard. Therefore, just as the world has evolved and demanded political and administrative decentralization to accompany him, it is necessary to the development of the idea of representative democracy (formal legitimacy) to participatory democracy (legitimacy stuff). Legitimacy is not confused with the legality: as the legality is on observance to internal legal system, the "rules of play"; legitimacy, as inputs to be fed into this system, the selection of the different expectations in the environment. Nevertheless, the legitimacy will take place by legality, through introduction of rational and communicative procedures: procedures get fundamental importance because these will be the means to select the expectations to be introduced in the legal system in order to make decisions more fair, rational and qualified towards society. Thus, it is necessary to its opening to the environment for dialogue with the government. In this context, we try to make an analysis of constitutional norms based on systematic and teleological interpretation of these norms to build these arguments. According to the Constitution of 1988, participatory democracy is a result of the democratic principle (sole paragraph of art. 1 of the Constitution), and it is an expression of citizenship and political pluralism, both foundations of Republic (respectively Art. 1st, inc . V and II of the Constitution), as well as the national consciousness. From another point of view, that principle consists of an evolution in the management public affairs (principle of Republic). The right of interested participate in the rulemaking process derives both the principle of popular participation (part of the democratic principle) and the republican principle as the due process constitutional (art. 5, LIV and LV, CF/88) and the right to petition (Art . 5 °, inc. XXXIV, "a", CF/88), and it is the duty of the State not only be open to participation and encourage it. Ignoring stakeholder involvement in procedures and / or expressions compiled can be causes of invalidation of the rule of law produced by addiction of procedure, motive, motivation and/or because of the administrative act. Finally, we conclude that the involvement of stakeholders in the process of making rules within the independent regulatory commission is the legitimacy and the validity of rules; and that, despite of the expressions do not bind the decision making, they will enter the system as juridical fact, balancing the field of technical discretionary of agencies

Os direitos humanos e a jurisdição constitucional brasileira no estado democrático de direito: a legitimidade contramajoritária no contexto do constitucionalismo pluralista

Os Direitos Humanos, compreendidos como o conjunto de direitos indispensáveis à efetivação da dignidade humana, encontram-se, atualmente, no centro das discussões e relações jurídicas internacionais e nacionais. Seu amplo reconhecimento em nível mundial e a universalização de seus preceitos centrais alçaram o Direito Internacional a um nível de evolução e de relacionamento com o Direito Constitucional que se mostram impassíveis de serem ignorados pelas jurisdições nacionais. Encontrando-se tais direitos na base do constitucionalismo moderno, o que os mantém em estreito relacionamento com o pluralismo e a democracia, faz-se imperioso recordar-se que as noções jurídicas que os animam serviram de base histórica e genética ao reconhecimento e à positivação, em nível constitucional, dos assim chamados direitos fundamentais. Em sintonia com a especial deferência que se tem ofertado aos direitos humanos na sociedade contemporânea global, nossa Constituição positivou entre os princípios regentes de suas relações internacionais ordem expressa de prevalente respeito aos tratados internacionais estabelecedores desses direitos, além de ter possibilitado a recepção desses pactos em nosso ordenamento jurídico, inclusive a título de preceitos constitucionais, conforme Emenda Constitucional n. 45/2004. Esse tratamento especial, além do processo democrático que conduziu o Brasil a uma progressiva aceitação dos tratados, pactos e convenções humanitários, torna possível a conclusão de que os Direitos Humanos apresentam elementos de diferencial carga legitimadora, podendo contribuir, significativamente para, a legitimação democrática de nossa Jurisdição Constitucional. Também é possível perceber-se que, ocorrente em esferas de poder e de legitimação diversos, em particular a nível internacional, a importância conferida aos Direitos Humanos não resta esvaziada pela ampla proteção constitucional conferida aos direitos fundamentais. Particularmente questionada em sua perspectiva democrática, mormente ante o cumprimento da nominada regra contramajoritária e em face da crescente ampliação de seu poder político, nossa Jurisdição Constitucional não pode mais permanecer alheia aos condicionantes determinados pelas amplas imbricações que se desenvolveram no estreitamento de relações entre o Direito Constitucional e o Direito Internacional dos Direitos Humanos. Também a crise dogmática ditada pelo distanciamento havido entre o direito posto e a realidade nacional tem implicado em inegável desgaste público da atividade jurisdicional, principalmente da jurisdição voltada à proteção constitucional. O papel da Jurisdição Constitucional atual há, portanto, de ser cumprido em sintonia com as normas internacionais de Direitos Humanos, principalmente em respeito às normas constitucionais pátrias que ordenam a prevalência desses direitos nas relações internacionais. Nesse sentido, pode e necessita nossa Jurisdição Constitucional valer-se do particular potencial legitimador das normas definidoras de Direitos Humanos, reconhecendo e efetivando tais normas e adequando-se às tendências modernas que a elas conferem especial proteção, num processo dialético de inolvidável natureza democrática

Estágio Supervisionado na formação de professores em serviço dos anos iniciais do ensino fundamental

This report aims to present the results of research on the possibilities and limits of Supervised Traineeship in a the course of Training of Teachers in Service of the early years of primary education conducted through an agreement between the Federal University of Piauí and the Teresina city council (PI) UFPI/PMT, offers subsidies to teaching practices that address the reality of students who live, work and/or studying in school located in rural areas. The research is based on a theoretical and methodological approach that places the object of study in the critical perspective and using procedures such as: literature (bibliographical research), documentary analysis, semi-structured interview and photographic record. We researched 10 (ten) teachers of the course promoted by UFPI graduating in 2006 and who develop teaching activities in schools located in rural areas in the city of Teresina-PI, 02 (two) teachers who are trainee supervisor of UFPI and the coordinator of the course. The analysis evidenced that the object, historically, educational policies have changed, but did not break the traditional patterns of teacher education, enough, especially in the curricular proposals in light of the changes required by the information and global society. We also note that in the supervised training, the process of critical reflection on teaching practice was made possible, in part, and raised the reconstruction of specific knowledge to make teaching in order to conduct the teaching-learning process articulating different realities of primary teaching and facing situations due to conservative practices in relation to education in rural areas. It contributed, therefore, this curricular component to resize, in part, the pedagogical action of the teachers graduated. The study also drives the research toward to similar studies in the perspective of overcoming the current model of teacher training that does not correspond to the demands of society in change and to the crisis of capital, with immeasurable consequences in the workplace. The contemporary claims for a University to form professionals capable of directing the destiny of society, where teacher training is a social and political demands on which is co-responsible

Vivências de docentes de enfermagem no ensino do cuidar

Care, in a global perspective, appears in the main quarrels as the necessary phenomenon that will have to permeate the thoughts, the perception and values for the change that will lead to the overcoming of a paradigmatic crisis. The professional care was attributed, in elapsing of history, to the Nursing. Its historical evolution and articulation with the social processes, political and scientific in prominence place, in what it says respect to human well-being, not objectifying to cure, but to comfort, to complement the weak capacities and to the establishment the present capacities, alleviating pain, in other words, caring. The Teaching of care in Nursing, suffered great influences of the biomedical model, being like this, the education in Nursing has been criticized for if being valid pedagogical models incapable to promote the growth of the subjects, keeping it passive before your life processes, showing fragilities, attitudes and questionable behaviors, dissonances, appearing the imminence of an act of to care and to educate that needs to be considered as dialectical and intersubjective act. The objective of this research is to understand the lived experience of the nursing teachers in the Teaching of Care, in order to reflect about the insert of Nursing in the current world context, watching the dialetics of the Teaching of care and the paradigm changes in the section health. It is a phenomenological research that used the analysis of the located phenomenon, to obtain the units of meaning of the speech Nursing teachers about your experience lived in the Teaching of care. This study allowed the Nursing teachers could share your existences, senses and information on the interior of your pedagogic action exalting the interpretation, which appears intentionally in the conscience, emphasizing the pure experience of the be-professor, including emotions and affectivities in the teaching of care. In the construction of the results, three moments were devoted for discussion: Multidimensional Care; Care as Professional Practice; and the Teaching of care. The speeches had revealed rich, complex and for paradoxical times. The understanding of a sensitive teaching, that sometimes, arrives if to worry in rescuing the tenderness and the humanity, it is running into the other permeated speeches of fragilities, inconstancies, technifying, that showed lacks of pedagogic preparation. The Teaching of care needs to adopt a conception of education/learning and to use methodologies that can lead to an action liberating, capable to breach with traditional mooring cables and preconceptions or little healthful habits of life, favoring the use of methods that promote educating for the way of the sensitive, detaching aspects that they contribute for this end, as the intuition, the emotion, the creation, the perception and the sensibility. In this direction, it is considered important to deepen subjects that make possible the creation of care strategies and educational with the human being vision in your totality, therefore if it perceives that the necessary therapeutical boarding to be ampler, passing for the social individual, family and its relations