20 resultados para Bovino - Raças
em Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte(UFRN)
Resumo:
The caprine milk is a product of high biological value and high digestibility. Due to these characteristics it is quite used by newly born children that are not breastfed or that are intolerant to the bovine milk. The vitamin deficiency is a public health problem in underdeveloped areas as the Northeast of Brazil and where areas the caprine ones adapt very well. The present study was led to analyze the influence of the feeding in the vitamin levels in the caprine milk. The animals used were the races Saanen and Murciana, divided in three groups. The first group with 38 animals of race Saanen and the second with 30 animals of race Murciana were, fed with concentrated and voluminous. A third group with 20 animals of the race Saanen was fed exclusively with voluminous. The four group was added with 10. 000 UI of retinol palmitato, administered directly, like capsule, in the mouth of animal. Parallel it was verified the level of retinol of milk in the beginning and final of the sucked, in the goats of the second group (race Murciana n =30). The retinol of caprine milk was determined through the system of liquid cromatografia of high efficiency (HPLC). The retinol levels in the studied groups were respectively: first (38. 5 ± 12. 7 μg/100ml), second (40. 5 ± 9. 7 μg/100ml); third, with 20 animals of race Saanen fed exclusively with voluminous (23. 1 ± 6. 7 μg/100ml) and in the group a, suplementation with 10. 000 UI of retinol palmitato (43,7 ± 18,8 μg/100ml) before, and (61,9 ± 26,9 μg/100ml) after the supplementation. It was not found significant difference between the averages from animals of the first and second group, that were fed with the same concentrate diet and voluminous, showing that the retinol levels in the milk of these two races are equivalent. Already in the animals of the first and third group that they were fed with different diets, in those which diet was just voluminous, a drastic reduction was verified in the retinol levels. In relation to the retinol of the milk in different moments from the same sucked, it was observed in the beginning of the breast-feeding (22. 6 ± 9. 8 μg/100ml) and at the end of the sucked (49. 6 ± 14. 7μg/100ml), being the difference between the averages, statistically significant (p < 0,0001). Already in the animals that were supplemented, a significant increase was observed in the retinol concentration, being obtained a medium response of 41,85%
Resumo:
Os Sertões of Euclides da Cunha is one of the most studied books of Brazilian social thought, with approaches ranging from literature to geology, mobilizing concepts and theoretical and disciplinary perspectives the most diverse. This work aims to identify the process of building the concept of race by Euclides da Cunha in this work. To achieve this goal, will be studied, at first, the process of intellectual and political formation of Euclides da Cunha in the years prior to his trip to Canudos, in order to identify the presence of themes and authors in their thinking, using for this purpose, as the main source, your correspondence and press articles, which are expressed in the basic references of his training and dialogue on topics and authors that permeated their way of thinking about the Brazilian reality in the late nineteenth century and early twentieth century. In the second stage of labor, with reference to the study of the presence of several theories that explain human behavior from racial lines, with a strong Brazilian influence in the intellectual environment of the late nineteenth century, an analytical effort will be made in order to understand the synthesis made specific by Euclides da Cunha in the preparation of his work, to identify the main authors based their thinking on this aspect of the changes in your way of thinking about the man of the interior in an attempt to understand how the concept this race is in the interpretation of the conflict happened in Canudos and action of some of her protagonists
Resumo:
The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of milking procedures on the levels of total bacterial count (TBC) in bovine milk. In the first study the influences of procedures for hygienic milking, cleaning of milking equipment and milk cooling tanks on the TBC levels were evaluated. Four bulk samples of milk were collected from each tank in eight properties for TBC analysis, employing the flow cytometry method. A questionnaire was applied in each property to assess the current situation of milking procedures on each production system that took part on this research, followed by training of employees in good agricultural practices in the production of milk and monitoring of the TBC measurements. The methodology for analysis of longitudinal data was considered, focusing on random effects models. The results showed that the handling procedures for milking and the cleanliness of the cooling tank contributed to a further reduction in the levels of TBC raw milk cooling tanks. The second study aimed to describe the percentage of the properties that comply with the Normative Instruction Nº 51 (Brazil s IN 51) with regard to total bacterial count (TBC) in bovine milk. The study was conducted from January 2010 to July 2011. Milk samples were collected from the eight properties selected for TBC analysis by the flow cytometry method. Again, on each property a questionnaire was applied to assess the current situation of milking procedures on each production system that took part on this research, followed by training of employees in good agricultural practices in the production of milk and monitoring of the TBC measurements. The methodology of marginal models based on Generalized Estimate Equations (GEEs) was followed in the statistical analysis. The results showed that the handling procedures of the milking and the cleanliness of the cooling tanks contributed to a considerable percentage of the properties that reached the limits of TBC established by IN 51
Resumo:
The objective was to contribute to a reading of the characteristics and diversity of production systems from bovine milk in the microregion Seridó of Rio Grande do Norte, discuss the social, economic, environmental and husbandry-related primary activity of milk production. We randomly selected 28 agricultural establishments that performed the activity of dairy bovine culture with subsequent applicat ion of a structured questionnaire during September and October 2011. Data were analyzed with application of measures of descriptive analysis and determination of the index rural development (IRD). The results showed that 53.57% of the interviewees were owners of the land, the median area of the properties amounted to 135 hectares, the median number of animals in the herd was 51 head, with minimum 11 and maximum of 350 heads establishments in the sample, 85.72% of establishments had maximum 23 cows in lactation, 100% performed manual milking with suckling calves, average productivity of 3.91 liters / cow / day, 92.86% of the interviewees did not produce silage and / or hay, 64.29% had no access to technical assistance, the average age of interviewees was 51 ± 10.85 years, 78.57% had only elementary education. The average of the IRD computed in the test sample amounted to 0.43 ± 0.11 on a scale 0-1. The sites were grouped into 04 classes, based on your IRD. The average IRD in each dimension was 0.43, 0.55 and 0.34, respectively for economic / husbandry, social and environmental. The determination of the rate of rural development - IDR found for the sample could add establishments hierarchically. It is necessary that the inclusion of best practices in herd management, bookkeeping zootechnical, technical assistance and reorganization practices in land and environmental preservation
Levantamento exploratório da composição e frações proteicas do leite bovino em propriedades leiteras
Resumo:
The direct relationship with the processing, industrial yield and price of milk, the importance of the centesimal composition of milk and their protein fractions has increased for both the dairy industry and for the producers, so it is important to identify the possible causes on variation of these components. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the seasons, order of calving and lactation phase on milk composition and protein fractions in dairy farms in the Agreste and Leste meso-regions, of Rio Grande do Norte State (RN). Milk samples were taken in seven milk farms directly from the bulk tanks except for one farm where samples were taken from higher milking cows producers and heifers. The experiment was done in seven properties with milk samples taken directly from the bulk tanks and in one property were collected from higher production cows and heifers. Composition analyses were carried out for both experiments and sensorial trial was performed for the second experiment only. The data results were submitted to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey test performed for 5% significance level. In the first experiment was observed response of the seasons, dry and rainy season; while in the second, the effect of the order of calving and lactation phase had influence on milk composition and protein fractions. There was significant response (p < 0.05) for season effects but due to farms. The rainy season had higher averages in the protein, lactose, total solids and nonfat dry extract. Multiparous cows had higher CCS, NUL and PCAS milk contents; while, first calving heifers showed higher average for the sensory attribute, color of milk. The final third of lactation was responsible for the elevation of the levels of almost all milk components and their protein fractions
Resumo:
The search for new sources of environmentally friendly energy is growing every day. Among these alternative energies, biodiesel is a biofuel that has had prominence in world production. In Brazil, law 11.097, determine that all diesel sold in the country must be made by mixing diesel/biodiesel. The latter called BX, , where X represents the percent volume of biodiesel in the diesel oil, as specified by the ANP. In order to guarantee the quality of biodiesel and its mixtures, the main properties which should be controlled are the thermal and oxidative stability. These properties depend mainly of the chemical composition on the raw materials used to prepare the biodiesel. This dissertation aims to study the overall thermal and oxidative stability of biodiesel derived from cotton seed oil, sunflower oil, palm oil and beef tallow, as well as analyze the properties of the blends made from mineral oil and biodiesel in proportion B10. The main physical-chemical properties of oils and animal fat, their respective B100 and blends were determined. The samples were characterized by infrared and gas chromatography (GC). The study of thermal and oxidative stability were performed by thermogravimetry (TG), pressure differential scanning calorimeter (PDSC) and Rancimat. The obtained biodiesel samples are within the specifications established by ANP Resolution number 7/2008. In addition, all the blends and mineral diesel analyzed presented in conformed withthe ANP Regularion specifications number 15/2006. The obtained results from TG curves data indicated that the cotton biodiesel is the more stable combustible. In the kinetic study, we obtained the following order of apparent activation energy for the samples: biodiesel from palm oil > sunflower biodiesel > tallow biodiesel > cotton biodiesel. In terms of the oxidative stability, the two methods studied showed that biodiesel from palm oil is more stable then the tallow. Within the B100 samples studied only the latter were tound to be within the standard required by ANP resolution N° 7. Testing was carried out according to the EN14112. This higher stability its chemical composition
Resumo:
Biodiesel production has increased over the last decade because of the benefits associated with this fuel, including renewability, domestic feedstock, lower toxicity, and biodegradability. From 2008, the use of beef tallow as a feedstock for biodiesel production in Brazil has increased in significance, representing the second largest source of biodiesel, after soybeans. However, the performance of biodiesel in cold weather conditions is worse than diesel because of deposition of insoluble at low temperatures, accelerating the plugging of fuel filters and injectors of the vehicle engine. Studies have been conducted on beef tallow biodiesel, mostly related to the properties of thermal and oxidative stability. However, few studies have described the nature of the precipitate formed and its influence on product quality. Research suggests that the cause of deposition is related to the nature of saturated esters and monoacylglycerols as inducing agents. This study monitored the levels of mono-, diand triacylglycerols, the oxidation stability and the cold filter plugging point (CFPP) in beef tallow biodiesel samples from two commercial producers in Brazil for a period of twelve months. Filtered precipitates were analyzed by comparative techniques of GCFID, HPLC-UV/VIS, HPLC-MS-IT-TOF and TG to verify the nature, using monopalmitin and monostearin as reference standards. The formation of precipitate reduced the levels of monoacylglycerols in the beef tallow biodiesel. GC-FID and LCMS- IT-TOF results confirmed the nature of the deposit as saturated monoacylglycerols, predominantly monostearin and monopalmitin as the second major component. Moreover the TG analysis of the residue indicated similar thermal decomposition of the reference standards. The precipitate did not affect the oxidation stability of beef tallow biodiesel and the CFPP characteristic of blends up B60. However, the presence of iron reduced significantly the oxidation stability of biodiesel
Resumo:
Biodiesel production has increased over the last decade because of the benefits associated with this fuel, including renewability, domestic feedstock, lower toxicity, and biodegradability. From 2008, the use of beef tallow as a feedstock for biodiesel production in Brazil has increased in significance, representing the second largest source of biodiesel, after soybeans. However, the performance of biodiesel in cold weather conditions is worse than diesel because of deposition of insoluble at low temperatures, accelerating the plugging of fuel filters and injectors of the vehicle engine. Studies have been conducted on beef tallow biodiesel, mostly related to the properties of thermal and oxidative stability. However, few studies have described the nature of the precipitate formed and its influence on product quality. Research suggests that the cause of deposition is related to the nature of saturated esters and monoacylglycerols as inducing agents. This study monitored the levels of mono-, diand triacylglycerols, the oxidation stability and the cold filter plugging point (CFPP) in beef tallow biodiesel samples from two commercial producers in Brazil for a period of twelve months. Filtered precipitates were analyzed by comparative techniques of GCFID, HPLC-UV/VIS, HPLC-MS-IT-TOF and TG to verify the nature, using monopalmitin and monostearin as reference standards. The formation of precipitate reduced the levels of monoacylglycerols in the beef tallow biodiesel. GC-FID and LCMS- IT-TOF results confirmed the nature of the deposit as saturated monoacylglycerols, predominantly monostearin and monopalmitin as the second major component. Moreover the TG analysis of the residue indicated similar thermal decomposition of the reference standards. The precipitate did not affect the oxidation stability of beef tallow biodiesel and the CFPP characteristic of blends up B60. However, the presence of iron reduced significantly the oxidation stability of biodiesel
Resumo:
The Benzylpenicillin (PENG) have been as the active ingredient in veterinary medicinal products, to increase productivity, due to its therapeutic properties. However, one of unfortunate quality and used indiscriminately, resulting in residues in foods exposed to human consumption, especially in milk that is essential to the diet of children and the ageing. Thus, it is indispensable to develop new methods able to detect this waste food, at levels that are toxic to human health, in order to contribute to the food security of consumers and collaborate with regulatory agencies in an efficient inspection. In this work, were developed methods for the quality control of veterinary drugs based on Benzylpenicillin (PENG) that are used in livestock production. Additionally, were validated methodologies for identifying and quantifying the antibiotic residues in milk bovine and caprine. For this, the analytical control was performed two steps. At first, the groups of samples of medicinal products I, II, III, IV and V, individually, were characterized by medium infrared spectroscopy (4000 – 600 cm-1). Besides, 37 samples, distributed in these groups, were analyzed by spectroscopy in the ultraviolet and near infrared region (UV VIS NIR) and Ultra Fast Liquid Chromatograph coupled to linear arrangement photodiodes (UFLC-DAD). The results of the characterization indicated similarities, between PENG and reference standard samples, primarily in regions of 1818 to 1724 cm-1 of ν C=O that shows primary amides features of PENG. The method by UFLC-DAD presented R on 0.9991. LOD of 7.384 × 10-4 μg mL-1. LOQ of 2.049 × 10-3 μg mL-1. The analysis shows that 62.16% the samples presented purity ≥ 81.21%. The method by spectroscopy in the UV VIS NIR presented medium error ≤ 8 – 12% between the reference and experimental criteria, indicating is a secure choice for rapid determination of PENG. In the second stage, was acquiring a method for the extraction and isolation of PENG by the addition of buffer McIlvaine, used for precipitation of proteins total, at pH 4.0. The results showed excellent recovery values PENG, being close to 92.05% of samples of bovine milk (method 1). While samples of milk goats (method 2) the recovery of PENG were 95.83%. The methods for UFLC-DAD have been validated in accordance with the maximum residue limit (LMR) of 4 μg Kg-1 standardized by CAC/GL16. Validation of the method 1 indicated R by 0.9975. LOD of 7.246 × 10-4 μg mL-1. LOQ de 2.196 × 10-3 μg mL-1. The application of the method 1 showed that 12% the samples presented concentration of residues of PENG > LMR. The method 2 indicated R by 0.9995. LOD 8.251 × 10-4 μg mL-1. LOQ de 2.5270 × 10-3 μg mL-1. The application of the method showed that 15% of the samples were above the tolerable. The comparative analysis between the methods pointed better validation for LCP samples, because the reduction of the matrix effect, on this account the tcalculs < ttable, caused by the increase of recovery of the PENG. In this mode, all the operations developed to deliver simplicity, speed, selectivity, reduced analysis time and reagent use and toxic solvents, particularly if compared to the established methodologies.
Resumo:
The Benzylpenicillin (PENG) have been as the active ingredient in veterinary medicinal products, to increase productivity, due to its therapeutic properties. However, one of unfortunate quality and used indiscriminately, resulting in residues in foods exposed to human consumption, especially in milk that is essential to the diet of children and the ageing. Thus, it is indispensable to develop new methods able to detect this waste food, at levels that are toxic to human health, in order to contribute to the food security of consumers and collaborate with regulatory agencies in an efficient inspection. In this work, were developed methods for the quality control of veterinary drugs based on Benzylpenicillin (PENG) that are used in livestock production. Additionally, were validated methodologies for identifying and quantifying the antibiotic residues in milk bovine and caprine. For this, the analytical control was performed two steps. At first, the groups of samples of medicinal products I, II, III, IV and V, individually, were characterized by medium infrared spectroscopy (4000 – 600 cm-1). Besides, 37 samples, distributed in these groups, were analyzed by spectroscopy in the ultraviolet and near infrared region (UV VIS NIR) and Ultra Fast Liquid Chromatograph coupled to linear arrangement photodiodes (UFLC-DAD). The results of the characterization indicated similarities, between PENG and reference standard samples, primarily in regions of 1818 to 1724 cm-1 of ν C=O that shows primary amides features of PENG. The method by UFLC-DAD presented R on 0.9991. LOD of 7.384 × 10-4 μg mL-1. LOQ of 2.049 × 10-3 μg mL-1. The analysis shows that 62.16% the samples presented purity ≥ 81.21%. The method by spectroscopy in the UV VIS NIR presented medium error ≤ 8 – 12% between the reference and experimental criteria, indicating is a secure choice for rapid determination of PENG. In the second stage, was acquiring a method for the extraction and isolation of PENG by the addition of buffer McIlvaine, used for precipitation of proteins total, at pH 4.0. The results showed excellent recovery values PENG, being close to 92.05% of samples of bovine milk (method 1). While samples of milk goats (method 2) the recovery of PENG were 95.83%. The methods for UFLC-DAD have been validated in accordance with the maximum residue limit (LMR) of 4 μg Kg-1 standardized by CAC/GL16. Validation of the method 1 indicated R by 0.9975. LOD of 7.246 × 10-4 μg mL-1. LOQ de 2.196 × 10-3 μg mL-1. The application of the method 1 showed that 12% the samples presented concentration of residues of PENG > LMR. The method 2 indicated R by 0.9995. LOD 8.251 × 10-4 μg mL-1. LOQ de 2.5270 × 10-3 μg mL-1. The application of the method showed that 15% of the samples were above the tolerable. The comparative analysis between the methods pointed better validation for LCP samples, because the reduction of the matrix effect, on this account the tcalculs < ttable, caused by the increase of recovery of the PENG. In this mode, all the operations developed to deliver simplicity, speed, selectivity, reduced analysis time and reagent use and toxic solvents, particularly if compared to the established methodologies.
Resumo:
The caprine milk is a product of high biological value and high digestibility. Due to these characteristics it is quite used by newly born children that are not breastfed or that are intolerant to the bovine milk. The vitamin deficiency is a public health problem in underdeveloped areas as the Northeast of Brazil and where areas the caprine ones adapt very well. The present study was led to analyze the influence of the feeding in the vitamin levels in the caprine milk. The animals used were the races Saanen and Murciana, divided in three groups. The first group with 38 animals of race Saanen and the second with 30 animals of race Murciana were, fed with concentrated and voluminous. A third group with 20 animals of the race Saanen was fed exclusively with voluminous. The four group was added with 10. 000 UI of retinol palmitato, administered directly, like capsule, in the mouth of animal. Parallel it was verified the level of retinol of milk in the beginning and final of the sucked, in the goats of the second group (race Murciana n =30). The retinol of caprine milk was determined through the system of liquid cromatografia of high efficiency (HPLC). The retinol levels in the studied groups were respectively: first (38. 5 ± 12. 7 μg/100ml), second (40. 5 ± 9. 7 μg/100ml); third, with 20 animals of race Saanen fed exclusively with voluminous (23. 1 ± 6. 7 μg/100ml) and in the group a, suplementation with 10. 000 UI of retinol palmitato (43,7 ± 18,8 μg/100ml) before, and (61,9 ± 26,9 μg/100ml) after the supplementation. It was not found significant difference between the averages from animals of the first and second group, that were fed with the same concentrate diet and voluminous, showing that the retinol levels in the milk of these two races are equivalent. Already in the animals of the first and third group that they were fed with different diets, in those which diet was just voluminous, a drastic reduction was verified in the retinol levels. In relation to the retinol of the milk in different moments from the same sucked, it was observed in the beginning of the breast-feeding (22. 6 ± 9. 8 μg/100ml) and at the end of the sucked (49. 6 ± 14. 7μg/100ml), being the difference between the averages, statistically significant (p < 0,0001). Already in the animals that were supplemented, a significant increase was observed in the retinol concentration, being obtained a medium response of 41,85%
Resumo:
The vitamin A is essential to animals because of its participation in a great number of biological functions. The investigation of this vitamin s concentrations is important to serve as reference to normality parameters. This study had as aim to analyse the serics and hepatics concentrations of vitamin A in two groups of bovines and to compare the hepatics concentrations to the present requeriments of vitamin A for pregnant women. It was also appraised the consume habit of bovine liver by pregnant women through of the alimentary frequency quest. Two groups of bovine were studied and the first was formad by Nelore bovine breed and the second by bovine without defined breed (WDB). It was analysed 120 samples: 60 of liver and 60 of serum. The method used to dose retinol was High Performance Liquid Cromatography (HPLC). The average (+ sd) of retinol concentrations in Nelore breed bovine and WDB liver were 16947,8 + 6866,9 and 5213,1 + 2517,2 µg of retinol/100g and at serum 39,6 + 17,9 e 28,6 + 9,4 µg of retinol/dL, respectively. No statistically significant correlation was found between hepatic and the serum retinol. The bovines in this study had adequate vitamin A levels. Independently of animal breed, the daily ingestion of bovine liver is not advised for pregnant women who show adequate support of vitamin A. The consume of bovine liver by pregnant women consulted on school maternity hospital Januário Cicco, UFRN, Natal RN, was considered high
Resumo:
This paper proposes a method based on the theory of electromagnetic waves reflected to evaluate the behavior of these waves and the level of attenuation caused in bone tissue. For this, it was proposed the construction of two antennas in microstrip structure with resonance frequency at 2.44 GHz The problem becomes relevant because of the diseases osteometabolic reach a large portion of the population, men and women. With this method, the signal is classified into two groups: tissue mass with bony tissues with normal or low bone mass. For this, techniques of feature extraction (Wavelet Transform) and pattern recognition (KNN and ANN) were used. The tests were performed on bovine bone and tissue with chemicals, the methodology and results are described in the work
Resumo:
This work holds the purpose of presenting an auxiliary way of bone density measurement through the attenuation of electromagnetic waves. In order to do so, an arrangement of two microstrip antennas with rectangular configuration has been used, operating in a frequency of 2,49 GHz, and fed by a microstrip line on a substrate of fiberglass with permissiveness of 4.4 and height of 0,9 cm. Simulations were done with silica, bone meal, silica and gypsum blocks samples to prove the variation on the attenuation level of different combinations. Because of their good reproduction of the human beings anomaly aspects, samples of bovine bone were used. They were subjected to weighing, measurement and microwave radiation. The samples had their masses altered after mischaracterization and the process was repeated. The obtained data were inserted in a neural network and its training was proceeded with the best results gathered by correct classification on 100% of the samples. It comes to the conclusion that through only one non-ionizing wave in the 2,49 GHz zone it is possible to evaluate the attenuation level in the bone tissue, and that with the appliance of neural network fed with obtained characteristics in the experiment it is possible to classify a sample as having low or high bone density
Resumo:
In vivo production of viral biopesticides is the major source of viral insecticides currently in the marketplace. However, this system presents limitations during production scale-up. For the Spodoptera frugiperda nucleopolyhedrovirus (SfMNPV), the insect used for replication has cannibalistic characteristics, thus production is even more difficult. Insect cells are commonly used for in vitro baculovirus production. Most of these cell lines are derived from Lepidoptera species. The Sf21 cell line is derived from Spodoptera frugiperda caterpillar ovarian tissue, and its clonal isolate Sf9 has been used for biopesticide production due to its ease of growth in suspension cultures. In this work, the in vitro production capabilities of a Brazilian SfMNPV isolate obtained from cornfields was evaluated. Comparison of polyhedra production was carried out using both Sf21 and Sf9 cells, based on volumetric and specific yields. Both cell lines were cultivated in Hyclone medium supplemented with different fetal bovine serum concentrations (2,5 and 5%). The best results were obtained using Sf9 cells supplemented with 5% serum. These results were further confirmed quantitively through kinetic parameter estimation for both cells lines and different serum concentrations. After seven successive passages, this system still presented high specific polyhedra production