Entre o mar e estrela, um lugar para se bem viver : a problem��tica da expans��o urbana da Cidade de Ba��a Formosa/RN

The urban expansion problem of Ba��a Formosa, a southern edge city of de Rio Grande do Norte eastern coast, which has been presented in other coast Brazilian towns, specially on those with tourist activities increase. Therefore, this situation brings huge concerns to their inhabitants, to their technical /scientific community and to the governments, because of the conflicts of interest and of the growth of urban problems that this has been created. At Ba��a Formosa, the situation is aggravated because the city is confined, once around it, there are large private proprieties, environmental preservation area and the sea, at the eastern edge. The objectives of this study are the analyses of this city expansion process in order to obtain adequate alternatives and defining methodology to apply in other urban nucleus that are subjected to similar situations. Of course, presents social relations, environmental conditions and promoting local population insertion should be considered in order that enjoin this process and contributing to a better social balance. This case study has used bibliography research, field data, maps and soil occupation recorders and photographs of the area, besides the primary data gathering by surveys carried out with many social actors. The present analysis shows that the urban expansion observed today is featured by a recent unsustainable model, which attacks the environment and brings either farm conflicts. On the other hand, the ecological tourism can represent an alternative in order to achieve an adequate expansion form, without forgetting the several structural parameters necessary to support the sustainable activities

Condom��nios fechados: a produ����o habitacional contempor��nea e a auto-exclus��o dos ricos no espa��o urbano de Natal RN (1995 2003)

The present work analyzes the fast evolution of gated communities in Natal-RN��s urban space. Characterized by the occupation of large areas, providing private security and utilities, this kind of real estate use arises a long list of questions and issues from society and scholars, due to privatization of urban space, bending of law constraints and the lack of an integrated planning of the cities where they are built. The reasons for its fast growth in Brazil s urban areas are analyzed, considering the impact on formal urban planning and municipal services and on the identification of urbanistic, architectural pattern and constraints, as well as legal, social and economic issues. This study is based on the detailed analysis of the first three units of gated communities built in the urban space in Natal, between 1995 and 2003, including their evolution throughout time and the specific social and economic reasons for its present widespread adoption in Brazilian real estate market and, particulary, in our city. The main objective of this piece of work is to answer the why s and how s these phenomena evolved, setting a basis for the definition of adequate public policies and regulation of this kind of urban land use

Depois das fronteiras: a forma����o dos espa��os de pobreza na periferia norte de Natal-RN

The periphery of the city of Natal was built during the last 20 years, trough informal land developments. This dissertation analyses the urbanization of Natal`s North Zone, the largest residential area in the city where 40% of the population lives. This urban space is characterized as a space of poverty because of its majority of low income dwellers as well as lack of infrastructure. The main objective here is to identify and characterize this space as well as resulting segregation. Variables as income, space morphology, residential typology and the history of real estate development as well as dweller`s history of life are analysed

Para que servem hoje nossas cozinhas? :uma an��lise de uso das cozinhas do Plano 100 (Natal-RN)

This work investigates the using of kitchens of the apartments of PLANO 100 in Natal-RN, through one method s set of the functional and behavior evaluation. The theme was selected through of the emergence of the many questions that sought to understand what manners how individuals relates to the constructed space, what was the possible changes caused by these relation, also verifying how this space interferes in a daily life of theirs users. This research to search answers what to improve of the study s object and in futures production s architectonic too. The used approach combined an overview of new kinds of familiar arrangements and the evolution process of the brazilian s kitchens within social context of Brazil, with APO (Post-Occupation Evaluation), techniques through a physical space survey, questionnaires and interviews with users. Beyond to APO s implements were applied behavior setting s techniques too, what presented the most knowledge about to satisfactions levels pointed by the users

De gata borralheira a Cinderela :nova espacialidade decorrente do desenvolvimento tur��stico, diferenciada pelo estilo de vida em Ponta Negra, Natal, RN

The transformations economical, social and politics in you finish them decades of the century XX brought changes that didn't just limit to the production system. The flexible accumulation took many workers lost her/it their workstations and they look for her/it new survival forms, migrating for administrative activities, of services rendered and for the tourist activity of small and medium load. The State has been investing in the implantation of plans of tourist development in order to create favorable conditions for the reproduction of the tourist activity in Brazil, mainly in the Northeast. A space when it starts to present a predominant economical activity suffers a restructuring in their social and economical relationships. The restructuring of these relationships takes to the construction of a new espacialidade. In the city of Christmas, in Rio Grande do Norte, the neighborhood of Black Tip is the most representative of the public investments for the tourist development. After intense process of tourist urbanization, Black Tip passed interfering in the global context consolidating as the tourist locus in the city. The tourist urbanization of the neighborhood took to the transformation of the space in merchandise that is sold and consumed as such. The recreation of fragments of other cultures brought by social actors, resulting from migratory processes stimulated by the tourist development, it has been presenting ruled social relationships in the informational technology, consumption of global goods and in the fragmentation of the urban space characterized by the internationalization and cosmopolitiza����o. That process has been masking the inequalities partners and cultural as well as the territorial appropriation for an economical elite. The spaces are being appropriate for investors of the tourist section, private investors, agents and real estate producers, where the inequality is not just economical, but also cultural. The local population, mainly of the urban fraction of the Town of Black Tip, it doesn't participate of the productive process in function of the little or any professional qualification and he/she doesn't also have access to the consumption process. To the native ones it remains the fight for the preservation of his/her cultural identity and for the survival

Modifica����es no ambiente s��cio-f��sico entre 2005 e 2011: a percep����o dos moradores de Itapuama, Cabo de Santo Agostinho-Pernambuco

Coordena����o de Aperfei��oamento de Pessoal de N��vel Superior

Par��metros urban��sticos na regula����o do uso e ocupa����o do solo: estudo da densidade e do coeficiente de aproveitamento nos planos diretores de Natal de 1994 e 2007

A Constitui����o Federal de 1988 e o Estatuto da Cidade estabelecem o Plano Diretor como instrumento b��sico da pol��tica de ordenamento territorial, tendo como princ��pio fundamental o cumprimento da fun����o social da propriedade e do direito �� cidade. Na perspectiva de adequa����o ��s diretrizes e objetivos da pol��tica urbana estabelecidos em 1988, o munic��pio de Natal elaborou os Planos Diretores de 1994 e 2007, definindo instrumentos e par��metros de regula����o do uso e ocupa����o do solo poss��veis de assegurar o cumprimento da fun����o social da propriedade urbana e de gerar subs��dios ao planejamento e �� gest��o da cidade. Apesar de Natal ter sido um dos munic��pios brasileiros pioneiros na ado����o desses princ pios, antecipando e incorporando os instrumentos que em 2001 viriam a ser definidos no Estatuto da Cidade, identifica-se que alguns desses instrumentos e par��metros direcionados �� regula����o do uso e ocupa����o do solo n��o tiveram sua aplica����o plena, a exemplo do mecanismo de acompanhamento e controle dado pelo Estoque de ��rea Edific��vel e da Densidade, que foi substitu��da pelo Coeficiente de Aproveitamento no Plano Diretor de 2007. Questionando esse procedimento, busca-se na presente pesquisa investigar de que maneira essa substitui����o do par��metro densidade pelo coeficiente de aproveitamento influenciou na capacidade da gest��o p��blica de regular os processos de uso e ocupa����o do solo, de forma a adequar a sua intensifica����o ao suporte da infraestrutura instalada. Foram tomadas como refer��ncia te��rico-conceitual as contribui����es sobre a pr��tica de planejamento urbano no Brasil, nos marcos do ide��rio da reforma urbana, com destaque para as reflex��e s de Fl��vio Villa��a, Orlando Alves Santos Junior e Daniel Todtmann Montandon, Luiz C��sar de Q. Ribeiro, Raquel Rolnik, Erm��nia Maricato, Laura Machado de Bueno e Renato Cymbalista, Jos�� Roberto Bassul e Carlos F. Lago Burnett, e, com rela����o aos par��metros de controle urban��stico, o estudo identifica as diferentes abordagens sobre a densidade urbana e o coeficiente de aproveitamento com base nas reflex��es de Claudio Acioly Jr., Forbes Davidson, Juan Luis Mascar��, Ricardo Ojima, Marcelo de Souza, Jos�� R��mon Navarro Vera e Armando Ortu��o Padilla, Nestor Goulart Reis, Marta Dora Grostein e Susana Ricardo Alves. Como conclus��o, discute-se a hip��tese formulada, inicialmente, de que a mudan��a de par��metros verificada colocou limites para o munic��pio realizar uma gest��o adequada do solo urbano e, portanto, de fazer cumprir a fun����o social da propriedade, considerando a necessidade de adequa����o entre a intensifica����o do uso e ocupa����o do solo e a infraestrutura instalada

Espa��o p��blico e sociabilidade urbana: apropria����es e significados dos espa��os p��blicos na cidade contempor��nea

Study public space is studying the city and its dynamics through a representation point. The changes that are observed in these spaces and in the relations established there, or with it, are related to changes that occurred in the city as a whole, in the urban way of living. Study public space allied to urban sociability permits an even better focus on this relation between people in these spaces and with the spaces and in the consequences and fragile aspects this relation can impose to people and cities. This work is aimed towards this relation between public space and urban sociability. Through a conceptual/theoretical discussion aims, specifically, comprehend how to establish and what is the relation between urban space and urban sociability (appropriation/perception of place, tendencies of seclusion), from an isolated analysis of each one of these themes in the contemporaneous city. The Brazilian public space has peculiar characteristics, arising from its historical process of construction, also influenced by the public sphere fragile construction that permeates it, as well as more recent variables such as the sensation of insecurity and commodification of these places. The urban sociability influences and is influenced along all this process of significance and reframing of the public space. The conceptual discussion about each isolate variable provides the necessary coverage for discussion and analysis of the relation between them and the consequence of this relation in the city, such as the notation of relevant experiences of this process of revaluation of the public space. The hereby search is not through a path to reestablish the relation as it already existed, but also for an understanding of the dynamic as is established today and for existing possibilities for maintenance and appreciation of the relation between people and the city by believing in its importance to urban life

Percep����o ambiental do patrim��nio cultural: estudo de caso na Cidade Alta e Ribeira em Natal-RN

Contemporary studies have shown that the evolution of the heritage concepts is accompanied by an affirmation of the importance of social participation in recognizing heritage values and in managing cultural assets. We used the Brazilian context to emphasize the challenges for democratizing this process. This problematic is discussed based on the cases of Cidade Altaand Ribeira, neighborhoods that date from the formation of Natal-RNand have cultural assets recognized by levels of government. The study builds elements to answer the research question: what meanings and representations does the culturalheritage in the case study have for its users? The research method analyzes the representations and the meanings of the neighborhoods, firstly is based on historiographical studies, memories records of the city and on the process of heritage management. Secondly, it isbased on the field research, it is structured in environmental perception studies (areas of Environmental Psychology, Architecture and Urbanism) and has been applied with users with different bonds with the studied environment (residents, workers and visitors). The data were obtained with the multi-method which included direct observation, questionnaire survey and mentalmaps (that replicate Kevin Lynch). The analysis of result verified the research hypothesis, emphasizing aspects of the relationship between users and cultural heritage relevant to strengthening collective memory, local identity, contributing to heritage management. Among the results, the socio-environmental image obtained which emphasized a "cultural axis" linkingboth studied neighborhoods and confirms the influences of elements rein the memories records of the city and in the area s management. Identified aspects to strengthen the relationship between the users and cultural assets, such as the presence of placeswith affective ties to certain groups, as well as the need to fight off negative images (of degradation and insecurity) associated to the site and also expand the participation of the population, including residents, in policies and cultural activities. After all, recognition of value and the involvement of societycultural assets have the potential of contribute to integrate city development with heritage conservation

Reassentamentos de fam��lias em projetos de habita����o social: avalia����o de procedimentos e resultados do projeto Planalto II, Natal /RN

Coordena����o de Aperfei��oamento de Pessoal de N��vel Superior

Geografia da domina����o: um estudo sobre a organiza����o espacial da terra do sal (Macau-RN)

This work aims to understand the spatial organization in the Town of Macau, State of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. This approach focus on bringing back the history of the town, the main personages responsible for the construction of this place, denominated "social agents", as well as its social processes and the spatial forms derived from them. As the personages and their practices were identified, it was found out the existence of a driving force for structuring, interlocking, and maintaining the actions carried out by the social agents during the time. Such actions were materialized in the urban space: "the social segregation". The social segregation takes place as a specific geography of domination. The outcome of those owning the best areas" and ways of accessibility in the urban space, varies from the enrichment by property valorization, because of the concentration of public investments of infrastructure, to the comfort of easily reaching all the daily needs related to the displacements in the urban space. In the latter case, such facility has contributed to improve life quality. While one takes advantage of the location in the urban space, others are negatively affected by the same process. This research identified the salina worker as the weakest element of this social structure, occupying the urban periphery of the town of Macau. Such area is characterized by the lack of services and urban equipment in opposition to the center of the town, the locus of elite. This way, it is established the most known segregation pattern: center x periphery, in which the space acts as a mechanism of segregation

Um espa��o pioneiro de modernidade educacional: Grupo Escolar Augusto Severo -Natal/RN -1908-13

Cette recherche a pour but d analyser l Ecole Augusto Severo, situ��e dans la ville de Natal dont la construction date de 1907,��tant le premier ��tablissement d enseignement primaire �� l ��tat du Rio Grande do Norte, pendant le processus de restructuration de l enseignement r��publicain. On cherche �� comprendre la repr��sentation de ce milieu scolaire, comme ��quipement urbain, dans le processus de modernisation de la ville et comme mod��le ��ducationnel pour l ��tat entre 1908 et 1913. En se servant des ��tudes historiographes sur le processus de modernisation de quelques villes br��siliennes et des innovations de l enseignement public primaire au pays, �� la fin du dix-neuvi��me si��cle et pendant la premi��re d��cennie du vingti��me si��cle, comme source pour mieux saisir le contexte g��n��ral et sp��cifique. On reconstitue les aspects ��conomiques, sociaux et politiques d��terminants des interventions publiques r��alis��es dans cette ville par les gouvernements r��publicains ayant comme obectif la construction d une ville embellie,hygi��nique et civilis��e. Situ��e au quartier Ribeira, principal sc��nario de la modernit�� de Natal, l Ecole Augusto Severo est mise em relief comme symbole de civilit�� du paysage urbain de l ��poque pour le citoyen du Rio Grande do Norte. Elle disposait de services d ��nergie et d un tram ��lectrique. Il y avait devant, un grand lac arboris�� et une station ferroviaire. A c��t��, il y avait le th����tre Carlos Gomes (actuellement Alberto Maranh��o). Par su��te de son imposante architecture, raffin�� style ��clectique,on refl��te l id��al r��publicain des elites locales, avec une conception d espace symbolique et ��ducative de surveillance et contr��le, caract��ristiques de l ��cole gradu��e r��publicaine

Indica����es para o projeto arquitet��nico de edif��cios multifamiliares: uma an��lise p��socupa����o em Natal/RN

Confirming the Brazilian tendency in the field, the multifamily vertical condominium habitats in Natal are defined as buildings with three or more floors which have been an increasingly used solution. In the mentioned project, the connection between the projectarchitects and the user/ buyers are spread out, by which the first people conceive the realestate property as a creation for the market and not the individual client in specific. Such situation along with technical and financial limitations of the project lead to the adoption of standard solutions to be utilized by clients with different profiles. Besides that, there are various legal and urban parameters by the City Director Plan showing elements of great influence in the final solution adopted by the mentioned edifices. Moving to this subject in general, this project is focused on the case study of the Ed. Ville de Montpellier, having as a base of Post Occupancy Evaluation (POE), considered an efficient tool to analyze and keep up with the progress of the construction of the building, including technical approvals, the application of surveys with the local residents and the creation of informal interviews. The data shows that with time some items that initially motivated the acquisition of the realestate property (with a social common area) move to being less valued, and that the residents quickly alter the pre constructed space, thus seeking to alter the property in a more personal and conforming manner. The possibility of a new emphasis for projects on the mentioned space should also be in discussion, the created project calls for the attention of projected conceptual aspects and interdependence within project and construction which permits the indication of some recommendations for the projection of multifamily residential buildings within the studied realm

Dos caminhos de ��gua aos caminhos de ferro: a constru����o da hegemonia de Natal atrav��s das vias de transporte (1820-1920)

At a time of changes on the territory during the 19th century, the political and socioeconomic elites of the province and later State of Rio Grande do Norte evolved a discourse in order to justify the permanence of Natal as a city holding a status of capital. In this work we analyze the means employed by the ruling classes to impose their wish to raise Natal to an outstanding position among the existing cities by intervening on the territory during a period of one hundred years (1820-1920). During that time, which was characterized by changing commercial flows and technological development, the elites interventions were essentially directed to the implementation of modes of transportation, especially the railway. We try to understand the reinforcement of Natal as a capital city not only in political and administrative terms, but mainly in a commercial and symbolic manner, through the discourse and interventions undertaken by the local administrative elites, who stimulated the creation of a set of relations on the territory that also imprinted visible marks in the capital s urban fabric. These interventions were based upon the establishment of an infrastructure for exporting the State s production, firstly through and despite the Potengi River, and later on by the construction of railways. Although the project of Natal s hegemony had been outlined before the establishment of the railway network, in both cases the ultimate objective was to reinforce and develop the capital city as a commercial urban center to the detriment of other cities

Paisagem, um patrim��nio esquecido: subs��dios para a constru����o de uma metodologia de valora����o e prote����o do cen��rio natural litor��neo

The so-called "residential tourism" came to intensify the previous occupation of the coastal zones, characterized by traditional beach houses, and brought significant consequences for their spatial configuration, and especially for its scenic value of the landscape. Although there is the intention to regulate the activities of enterprising groups by some legal instruments to control the use and occupation of land, and to contain some negative effects, the actions of government are still inefficient in trying to follow the implications on the landscape from the accelerated growth of the real estate and touristic sectors. Supported in the speech of economic development and income generation, public managers prioritize areas to attract tourists to the detriment of preserving important physical attributes of the natural environment that contribute significantly to the quality of life. The result can be noticed in the use of natural elements as one of the major components in the land valorization, and in the immediate attraction of investors and enterprising. Therefore, the objective of this work is to contribute to the debate on the landscape preservation a little detailed thematic in view of their relevance in the current context - by indicating subsidies to the creation of a methodology for the evaluation and protection of coastal zones that may assist the government in creating new instruments, and better prepare it in control of the occupation of these areas. For such, was followed two ways to analysis: the indirect method and the direct method. The first is grounded in the evaluation of landscape attributes, which is based on the work of Raquel Tardin (2008) and Eduardo Cuesta, Encarnaci��n Algarra and Isabel Pastor (2001). The second, based on the research of Leticia and Carlos Hardt (2010) and on the concepts of phenomenology - expressed by Antonio Christofoletti (1985) and Yi-Fu Tuan (1983) - considers the population perspective on the quality of the natural scenery. Developed through cartographic materials, photographic collections and quantitative tables, this dissertation utilized as a case study the beaches of Barra de Tabatinga and Camurupim, located in the city of N��sia Floresta/RN. Despite already being sighted spaces of advanced stage of landscape degradation in these locations, areas of remarkable scenic value can still be found, what reinforce the urgency in adopting preservationists actions. The absence of laws focused on the management and protection of the landscape singularities associated with the inefficiency of the government to invigilate the land occupation in coastal zones, encourage the excessive action of the real estate-tourism, and consequently make the government the main responsible for the environmental and landscape impacts in these areas - by its omission or by their connivance. Therefore, the legislation permeates this entire process and constitutes itself as the most effective way to guarantee the right to the landscape to present and future generations. Are also pointed some important considerations to build a methodology, especially concerning possibilities of improvements and adaptations of its applicability in each case