S��ntese de Fischer-Tropsch sobre perovskitas LayCu0,4Fe0,6O3

The current natural gas production of 52 Mm3d-1 and the large projects for its expansion has been setting new boundaries for the Brazilian industry of oil and gas. So far, one of the biggest challenges regards to the logistics for gas transportation from offshore fields. Therefore, the transformation of natural gas into gasoline, diesel and/or olefins via Fischer-Tropsch synthesis would be an alternative to this matter. In this work, the production of hydrocarbons by Fischer-Tropsch synthesis in a slurry reactor was investigated and a perovskite-type catalyst (LayCu0,4Fe0,6O3 �� d) was used with y varying from 0 to 1 on a molar basis. In addition, Nb2O5 support was also applied in order to observe the selectivity of the produced hydrocarbons by the Fischer-Tropsch process. It is shown that the hydrogen conversion was influenced by the support as well as the different phases of the samples. The kinetic results for the CO2 production suffered great influence with the introduction of the Nb2O5 support throughout the series of samples studied. The catalysts allowed obtaining welldefined cuts of hydrocarbons in the range of C1-C6 and C17-C28, and these results were clearly influenced by the support and the lanthanum content. The higher olefin/paraffin ratio obtained was 1.8 when using a non-supported perovskite with y equal to 0.8. This would indicate the suitability of using this material for the production of olefins

Tecnologia mais limpa para produ����o de mel seco de cana e sua inclus��o em ra����es de frangos de corte

This study analyzed the effects of adding dry sugar cane molasses (MSC) to the feed of broiler chickens, and determining the economic feasibility of use of this type of diet; 240 male Ross race broiler chickens, one day in age, were utilized in this study. The experimental desing was a completely randomized whit 6 treatments and 4 replications, in 24 portions of 10 birds per parcel. The treatments corresponded to 6 rations (T1-T6) in phase initial (1-21 days) and 6 rations (T1-T6) in phasem finish (22-42 days) characterized by substitution of corn meal in levels increase 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 e 25% by the molasse dried sugar-cane. The birds received water and free ration during the whole creation phase, being the iso-proteins and iso-calories rations. The variance analysis showed the 1 a 21 days significant differences for average gain weight (P<0,05), average consumption of ration (P<0,05) and average alimentary conversion (P<0,05) and the 22 a 42 days, the analysis of variance showed significant differences for gain in weight (P<0,01) and average alimentary conversion (P<0,05). There no difference significant on average consumption of ration (P>0,05) the 22 a 42 days of age. Results showed out that is possible to use molasse dried sugar-cane up to 8,3 % in broilers ration. It was concluded the level of 8,3 % of addition gave the best economical returns in the experimental conditions

A doen��a de criar passarinhos: a l��rica humanizadora de Jo��o Cabral de Melo Neto

Jo��o Cabral de Melo Neto n a jamais aim�� les vers sentimentaux et prolixes venus de la tradition romantique. C est pour ��a que son uvre a un discours objectif, rigoureusement elabor�� e elle comporte certaines influences concretistes ��a explique pourquoi l auteur est connu comme l ing��nieur de la langage. En verit��, le po��te m��me dissait qu il ��tait un homme froid et rationnel. La critique a assidument analys�� la mati��re logique et le rigeuer formel de l uvre de Cabral de Melo. Pourtant, dans ce travail nous analysons les po��mes dont le sentiments humaines sont la mti��re principal de l ��laboration de l experi��nce esth��tique. La po��sie de Jo��o Cabral n est pas simple verbalisme formel, ni un uvre sens vie, car les objects concr��tes et la langage objectif n emp��chent pas qui le sujet d��crit avec ��motion les sc��nes presents dans les po��mes. Nous travaillons avec la hypoth��se de que le po��te a une attitude trop humaine quand il parle de l experience culturel et de l experience de la vie dans le Nord-est br��silien. Les unit��s t��mathiques de ce travail, pourtant, montrent la repr��sentation du Nord-est dans la po��sie de Jo��o Cabral et examinent aussi le sentiment qu il sent par la memoire culturel de sa r��gion. Parmi les aspects qui composent sa lyrique humaine nous citons la personification constant de les paysages du Nord-est le po��te ne veux pas faire une d��crition tophographique de la r��gion parce que les places ont un valeuer sentimentel pour lui; au moyen d un discours erotique, Cabral represente les desirs et les intints humaines de sa terre; ensuite, il semble que le po��te est enchant�� et envelopp�� avec certains elemets culturels de sa r��gion, come l hamac, la litt��rature oral et la musique r��gional; la preoccupation avec la population explor��e et la denonciation de la condition miserable dans le Nord-est br��silien confirment aussi la humanit�� pr��sent dans son uvre; finalment, la r��cordation de l enfance et la nostalgie du temps pass�� sont, pour le po��te, un possibilit�� qui peut aider dans la formation humaine de la population

O auto da morte e da vida : a escrita barroca de Jo��o Cabral de Melo Neto

This dissertation, entitled O Auto da Morte e da Vida: A escrita barroca de Jo��o Cabral de Melo Neto, has the aim of analising, interpreting, in a baroque perspective, Cabral s writing in the poem/play Morte e vida severina Auto de Natal Pernambucano, taking as basis the theories of Eug��nio D��Ors, Severo Sarduy, Omar Calabrase, Lezama Lima, Afonso ��vila, Affonso Romano de Sant��Anna and others cited in the body of this work. During the analisys we feature confluences, relations, similarities, identification between the Baroque of the counter reformation and the modern Baroque or Neobaroque. We seek to comprehend the baroque which is new in the XX century and Cabral s poetry as an element of the contemporaneity, by updating the concept of the Baroque in the 1600s, when it is detected in its purest characteristic in human relation (the life of the Northwestern brazilian) through an intangible reality (the death). The Baroque as a cultural summary of a period of instability and transformation, with the power of dismantling an already established poetry. The fight between words and things, language and reality

Estudo da regenera����o de aditivos para catalisadores de craqueamento aluminofosfatos (ALPO s)e silicoaluminofosfatos (SAPO s)

Heterogeneous catalysts such as aluminophosphate and silicoaluminophosphate, molecular sieves with AEL of ALPO-11 and SAPO-11, were synthesized by the hydrothermal method with the following molar composition: 2.9 Al +3.2 P + 3.5 DIPA +32.5 H20 (ALPO-11); 2.9 Al +3.2 P + 0.5 Si + 3.5 DIPA +32.5 H20 (SAPO-11) starting from silica (only in the SAPO-11), pseudoboehmite, orthophosphoric acid (85%) and water, in the presence of a di-isopropylamine organic template. The crystallization process occurred when the reactive hydrogel was charged into a vessel and autoclaved at 170��C for a period of 48 hours under autogeneous pressure. The obtained materials were washed, dried and calcined to remove the molecular sieves of DIPA. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermo gravimetric differential thermal analysis (TG/DTA) and nitrogen adsorption (BET). The acidic properties were determined using adsorption of n-butylamine followed by programmed thermodessorption. This method revealed that ALPO-11 has weaker acid sites due to structural defects, while SAPO-11 shows an acidity that ranges from weak to moderate. However, a small quantity of strong acid sites could be detected there. The deactivation of the catalysts was conducted by the cracking of the n-hexane in a fixed bed continuous flow microrreator coupled on line to a gas chromatograph. The main products obtained were: ethane, propane, isobutene, n-butane, n-pentane and isopentane. The Vyazovkin (model-free) kinetics method was used to determine the regeneration and removal of the organic template

Hidr��xidos duplos lamelares de magn��sio e alum��nio modificados com carbonato e p123 para adsor����o de di��xido de carbono

Muitos mecanismos provocados pela a����o humana v��m gerando um aumento na queima de combust��veis f��sseis e processos qu��micos (produtos org��nicos, carv��o, madeira, ��leo diesel, gasolina e outros derivados de petr��leo) e, consequentemente, h�� um aumento na emiss��o de CO2 na atmosfera. Uma das alternativas para a captura desse poluente �� o processo de adsor����o, o qual pode ajudar na redu����o do CO2. As hidrotalcitas ou hidr��xidos duplos lamelares (HDL s) est��o dentre esses materiais estudados, j�� que apresentam alta estabilidade e uma boa porosidade, tornando-se assim um promissor adsorvente de gases poluentes. Os HDL s formam um grupo de argilas do tipo ani��nico que consiste em camadas positivamente carregadas de ��xido de metal (ou hidr��xido de metal) com intercamadas de ��nions. Foi constatado que ��nions que possuem duas cargas negativas, estabilizam muito mais que ��nions monovalentes, sendo o carbonato o mais est��vel dos ��nions divalentes. Neste trabalho, foi proposta uma modifica����o na s��ntese direta atrav��s da co-precipita����o a pH constante utilizando sais de c��tions divalentes (Mg2+) e trivalentes (Al3+) reportados na literatura. Durante a s��ntese dos HDL s retirou-se o carbonato, bem como, utilizou-se um copol��mero como um template para o alargamento das lamelas. As amostras foram caracterizadas utilizando as t��cnicas de DRX, TG/DTG, FTIR, MEV/EDX, MET e adsor����o e dessor����o de N2. Os dados obtidos indicam que a estrutura, mesmo ap��s a modifica����o, apresentou resultados condizentes com os encontrados na literatura. Dentre as v��rias aplica����es dos HDL s foi realizado o estudo da adsor����o do CO2. A capacidade de adsor����o do material foi testada de acordo com o tempo de contato entre o adsorvente e o adsorbato, sendo esperado que os materiais tratados com template apresentassem um maior desempenho

Estudo de materiais mesoporosos funcionalizados com diferentes aminas para captura do di��xido de carbono atrav��s do processo de adsor����o

Intensive use of machinery and engines burning fuel dumps into the atmosphere huge amounts of carbon dioxide (CO2), causing the intensification of the greenhouse effect. Climate changes that are occurring in the world are directly related to emissions of greenhouse gases, mainly CO2, gases, mainly due to the excessive use of fossil fuels. The search for new technologies to minimize the environmental impacts of this phenomenon has been investigated. Sequestration of CO2 is one of the alternatives that can help minimize greenhouse gas emissions. The CO2 can be captured by the post-combustion technology, by adsorption using adsorbents selective for this purpose. With this objective, were synthesized by hydrothermal method at 100 ��C, the type mesoporous materials MCM - 41 and SBA-15. After the synthesis, the materials were submitted to a calcination step and subsequently functionalized with different amines (APTES, MEA, DEA and PEI) through reflux method. The samples functionalized with amines were tested for adsorption of CO2 in order to evaluate their adsorption capacities as well, were subjected to various analyzes of characterization in order to assess the efficiency of the method used for functionalization with amines. The physic-chemical techniques were used: X- ray diffraction (XRD), nitrogen adsorption and desorption (BET/BJH), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), CNH Analysis, Thermogravimetry (TG/DTG) and photoelectron spectroscopy X-ray (XPS). The CO2 adsorption experiments were carried out under the following conditions: 100 mg of adsorbent, at 25 ��C under a flow of 100 ml/min of CO2, atmospheric pressure and the adsorption variation in time 10-210 min. The X-ray diffraction with the transmission electron micrographs for the samples synthesized and functionalized, MCM-41 and SBA-15 showed characteristic peaks of hexagonal mesoporous structure formation, showing the structure thereof was obtained. The method used was efficient reflux according to XPS and elemental analysis, which showed the presence of amines in the starting materials. The functionalized SBA -15 samples were those that had potential as best adsorbent for CO2 capture when compared with samples of MCM-41, obtaining the maximum adsorption capacity for SBA-15-P sample

O uso do territ��rio pela fruticultura irrigada no Rio Grande do Norte: uma an��lise a partir do circuito espacial produtivo do mel��o (cucumis melo l.)

In recent decades the production of irrigated fruits destined to supply the foreign market reveals itself as an expression of the thriving agricultural modernization, consisting an important and dynamic segment of Brazilian agribusiness, especially in the Northeast. The Rio Grande do Norte contributes to this scenario through the production of several tropical fruit, especially melon production in the municipalities of Bara��na/RN and Mossor��/ RN. Accordingly, the overall goal of the study is to understand the agricultural use of the territory of Rio Grande do Norte by irrigated orcharding from the circuit productive space configuration of melon. The outlook presented in the work on the irrigated agriculture developed in Rio Grande do Norte reveals that it falls within an agricultural division of labor, through productive specialization of places that have natural and technical conditions favorable to the exploitation and reproduction of capitals. The land use caused by circuit productive space melon enables flows of tangible and intangible consolidate a extraverted network of production and consumption in order to meet the requirements of foreign markets

Uma abordagem cr��tica do conte��do esporte nas aulas de educa����o f��sica no ensino m��dio integrado

Researchers have analyzed how sport is being taught in the classroom as a regular subject and how it is accepted as a pedagogical action at school. This study aims to suggest some pedagogic proposal on the Physical Education subject to High School System which would be planned, formulated, and applied based on some critical approach on teaching, as well as analyzing and thinking over its impact on the students' learning, taking in consideration some conceptual, procedural and attitudinal dimensions to make possible for the students to become more critical so that they will understand how this subject works in contemporary time. .We had three specific blocs to develop our research: Historic, conceptual and cultural elements about sport; Public policies to sport; Individual, group and environmental characteristics. The method of this work was based on qualitative research through some research action. The study was made actually at IFRN (Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Rio Grande do Norte state), in the city of Pau dos Ferros. Students from the second year of the computing course in high school were the participants in the research, there were 37 students from eleven different cities near Pau dos Ferros. They answered some questionares and a Research Diary. From the pedagogical intervention we could prove the students have improved their knowledge about the concept on sport itself, leaving the old idea about sport only as a physical practice such as an activity with rules or as competition, we could prove they have sport as a social-cultural event, involving policies, ideologies as well as historical interferences. Another aspect they mentioned was that sport is the citizens' right and as such there must be public policies pro sports. Understanding that sport transpires on peoples' habits as well as their behavior allowed us to identify its influence on our students' quality of life back in their home towns. Therewith, it is clear the necessity of a pedagogical focus on the content of Physical Education at school to make this subject more meaningful, so that the students will become more critical and reflexive about life and will be able be real citizens

Determinantes gen��ticos e ambientais das doen��as hipertensivas da gravidez

The development of complex diseases such as preeclampsia are determined by both environmental and genetic factors, but there is also interaction among these factors. Preeclampsia is a pregnancy-specific disorder characterized by de-novo hypertension and proteinuria after 20th week of gestation. There is a broad spectrum of clinical presentations related to hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) that can range from mild preeclampsia to eclampsia (seizures) or HELLP syndrome (Hemolysis, Elevation of Liver enzymes, Low Platelets). Those clinical outcomes might be linked to different pathological mechanisms. Our work aims to identify factors (i.e. genes and environmental) associated with the HDP���s clinical spectrum. Using a case-control approach, we selected a total of 1498 pregnant women for epidemiological and genetic studies, encompassing 755 normotensive (control); 518 preeclampsia; 84 eclampsia; and 141 HELLP. Women were genotyped for 18 SNPs across 5 candidate genes (FLT1, ACVR2A, ERAP1, ERAP2 and LNPEP). For the environmental factors, we found maternal age, parity status and pre-gestational body mass index as important risk factors associated with disease. Genes were associated in a phenotype-specific manner: ACVR2A with early preeclampsia (rs1424954, p=0.002); FLT1 with HELLP syndrome (rs9513095, p=0.003); and ERAP1 with eclampsia (rs30187, p=0.03). Our results suggest that different genetic mechanisms along with specific environmental factors might determine the clinical spectrum of HDP. In addition, phenotype refinement seems to be an essential step in the search for complex disease genes

Encapsulamento de solventes em nanotubos de haloisita para promo����o de auto-reparo em pol��meros

Micro cracking during service is a critical problem in polymer structures and polymer composite materials. Self-healing materials are able to repair micro cracks, thus their preventing propagation and catastrophic failure of structural components. One of the self-healing approaches presented in the literature involves the use of solvents which react with the polymer. The objective of this research is to investigate a procedure to encapsulate solvents in halloysite nanotubes to promote self-healing ability in epoxy. Healing is triggered by crack propagation through embedded nanotubes in the polymer, which then release the liquid sovent into the crack plane. Two solvents were considered in this work: dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and nitrobenzene. The nanotubes were coated using the layer-by-layer technique of oppositely charged polyelectrolytes: cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and sodium polyacrylate. Solvent encapsulation was verified by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), analysis thermogravimetry (TGA), adsorption and desorption of nitrogen and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The introduction of the solvent DMSO into the cavity of the nanotubes was confirmed by the techniques employed. However, was not verified with nitrobenzene only promoted clay aggregation. The results suggest that the CTAB reacted with the halloystite to form a sealing layer on the surface of the nanotubes, thus encapsulating the solvent, while this was not verified using sodium polyacrylate.

Apontamentos sobre Educa����o Integral, Programa Mais Educa����o, Programa Segundo Tempo e Educa����o F��sica Escolar

In today's educational context of Brazil the theme of integral education has deserved having to induce policy, nowadays, the More Education Program. In this sense, this thesis focuses on the aspects of integral education that emerged in the country's history to reach the More Education Program (MEP) and offers some thoughts on how physical education is presented within the institutionalization of intent of Integral Education in Brazil. Thus we have as main objective to discuss the pedagogical setting of Second Half Program (PST) in the MEP, and to identify possibilities to integrate their actions with the School Physical Education. In the case study methodology was adopted, with the appropriate schools accompanied by Team Collaborator 3 of the Ministry of Sport, using as a source of evidence the first assessment protocol carried out by the Cooperating Teams of Educational Monitoring and Administration of the Second Time in Brazil specifically evaluations carried out by Team Collaborator 3 (EC3), under the Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, which followed the covenants of the More xi Education Program in the municipalities of Bayeux / PB, Araruna / PB, Natal / RN and Parnamirim / RN, in the year 2012. in our case it is noticed that the activities developed by PST, accompanied in schools, have an organization and pedagogical practices that converge with each other, but are configured with disjointed practices of Education classes physical, aspect that differs in what would be thinking pedagogical actions to comprehensive education schools.

Integra����o de projetos no ensino atrav��s de BIM: uma abordagem dos cursos de arquitetura e urbanismo da UFRN e da UFPB

The integration between architectural design and structur al systems consi sts, in academic education, one of the main challenges to the architectural design education . Recent studies point to the relevance of the use of computational tools in academic settings as an important strategy for such integration. Although in recent yea rs teaching experience using BIM (BuildingInformationModeling) may be incorporated by the a rchitecture schools , notes the need for further didactic and pedagogical practices that promote the architectural design and structur al integration teaching. This pa per analyzes experiences developed within the UFRN and UFPB, seeking to identify tools, processes and products used, pointing limitations and potentials in subjects taught in these institutions. The research begins with a literature review on teaching BIM and related aspects to the integration of architectural design and stru c tur e . It has been used as data collection techniques in studio the direct observation, the use of questionnaires and interviews with students and teachers, and mixed method, qualitativ e and quantitative analysis . In UFRN, the scope of the Integrated Workshop as a compulsory subject in the curriculum, favors the integration of disciplines studied here as it allows teachers from different disciplines at the same project studio . Regarding the use of BIM form initial users, BIM modelers, able to extract quantitative and automatically speed up production, gaining in quality in the products, however learn the tool and design in parallel cause some difficulties. UFPB, lack of required courses o n BIM, generates lack of knowledge and confidence in using the tool and processes, by most students. Thus we see the need for greater efforts by school to adopt BIM skills and training. There is a greater need for both BIM concept, in order to promote BIM process and consequent better use of tools, and obsolete avoiding impairment of technology, merely a tool. It is considered the inclusion of specific subjects with more advanced BIM skills, through partnerships with engineering degrees and the promotion of trans disciplinary integration favoring the exchange of different cultures from the academic environment.

Tratamento de argila montmorilon��tica para a produ����o de nanocomp��sitos polim��ricos com retardo de propaga����o de chama

Compared to conventional composites, polymer matrix nanocomposites typically exhibit enhanced properties at a significantly lower filler volume fraction. Studies published in the literature indicate t hat the addition of nanosilicate s can increase the resistance to flame propagation in polymers. In this work, a treatment of montmorillonite (MMT) nano clay and the effect of its ad dition o n flame propagation characteristics of vinyl ester were studied. The resea rch was conducted in two stages. The first stage focused on the purification and activation of the MMT clay collected from a natural deposit to improve compatibility with the polymer matrix . Clay modification with sodium acetate was also studied to improve particle dispersion in the polymer. The second step was focused on the effect of the addition of the treated clay on nanocomposites ��� properties. Nanocomposites with clay con tents of 1, 2, 4 wt. % were processed. T he techniques for the characterization of the clay included X - ray fluorescence (XRF), X - r ay d iffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric a nalysis (TGA), d ifferential scanning c alorimetry (DSC) , s urface area (BET) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). For t he characterization of the nanocomposites , the techniques used were thermogravimetric a nalysis (TGA) , differential scanning c alorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) , scanning electron mi croscopy (SEM), transmission electron m icroscopy (TEM), and the determination of tensile strength, modulus of elasticity and resistance to flame propagation. According to the results, the purification and activation treatment with freeze - drying used in thi s work for the montmorillonite clay was efficient to promote compatibility and dispersion in the polymer matrix as evidenced by the characterization of the nanocomposite s . It was also observed that the clay modifica tion using sodium acetate did not produce any significant effect to improve compatibilization of the clay with the polymer. The addition of the treated MMT resulted in a reduction of up to 53% in the polymer flame propagation speed and did not affect the mechanical tensile strength and modulus o f elas ticity of the polymer, indicating compatibility between the clay and polymer. The effectiveness in reducing flame propagation speed peaked for nanocomposites with 2 wt. % clay, indicating that this is the optimum clay concentration for this property. T he clay treatment used in this work enables the production of vinylester matrix nanocomposites with flame - retardancy properties .

O Professor José Botelho e a Escola Brasileira de Clarineta na segunda metade do s��culo XX

Este trabalho busca compreender o que �� a Escola Brasileira de Clarineta a partir da segunda metade do s��culo XX, tomando como refer��ncia a experi��ncia e a hist��ria de vida de um clarinetista que participou de seu processo de consolida����o, a saber, o Professor José Cardoso Botelho. Atrav��s da ferramenta da mem��ria social, foi poss��vel se obter dados que coligissem tra��os caracter��sticos desta escola, assim como informa����es hist��ricas a partir dos quais os aspectos observados parecem ter surgido. A an��lise demonstrou, ainda, a forte presen��a do paradigma Mestre-Aprendiz na constru����o desta escola e como este se relaciona com a pedagogia, forma����o profissional e concep����o ideol��gica na ��rea das Pr��ticas Interpretativas. A abordagem utilizada confia que a hist��ria de vida do personagem investigado envolve-se com a hist��ria da pr��pria escola, de sorte que a sua trajet��ria �� permeada por elementos constitutivos da identidade de ambos, o mestre e a escola a que pertence.