103 resultados para Multifuncionalidade da paisagem


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This study intends to establish a relation between environmental degradation, particularly the devastation of the green canopy, and public health. Utilizing a mapping of the trees included in the researched area, each individual tree was analyzed according to its age, taxonomic listing, architecture, shape and size (determined by aesthetic/convenience reasons or deformed by pruning). Initially investigated were the covert reasons lying underneath the constant aggression against trees (which many times seem to contain elements of hatred and contempt) within the urban environment. In addition to that, the aspects concerning environmental modifications and the consequent impact on public health were also assessed. Two main problems promptly emerged as a result of the removal of trees: a) without a canopy to protect the areas, they became subject to winds directly blown from SW Africa and impregnated with aerosol partic les, which are common causes for respiratory disorders and, b) direct UV solar radiation, which causes some types of skin cancers and eye disorders. To reach such results, we studied the origins and formation of UV radiation induced cancers and searched for the UV radiation spectra of action, e.g., usual intensity and quantity reaching clear and shadowed spaces in a certain area and its consequences. In a second instance, we also searched for pertinent data resources in order to confirm the increase of skin cancer cases due to exposure to UV radiation and the relation between the destruction of the green canopy and the above mentioned problems. We believe that a few significant results have been achieved by this study, namely: the relation between a culture based on medieval beliefs and its consequences on the environment; how this culture exploits and deforms nature in pursuit of financial and psychological interests to a point of transforming the landscape into a copy of something devoid of any relation to latitude and altitude; and above all, the indifference concerning the alarming results carried by these modifications

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This work aims to analyze and evaluate the Urban furniture designed to public areas according to the Revitalization planning for Rio Grande do Norte coastland, defining visual relations among urban elements in the landscape of revitalized public urban areas with cultural, paisagistic and touristic values and the design process used for developing urban furniture to those areas, observing the incoming consequences use to that process in a specific urban context which alters use, functions, cultural images as well as social values attributed to each particular place. Environmental perceptions, legibility of local cultural references and their representation through the design of urban elements, act in a positive or negative manner over the inhabitants cognition process of some particular revitalized area, determining new use and attributions to those areas. Designs for coastal urban interventions try excessively to standardize technical media, construction materials and planning configurations, creating artificial sceneries that segregates users, imposing new structures and usage, generating, consequently, the so called non-places and burlesque regionalism. The research is divided into 4 chapters: 1) Theoretical support (Industrial design; Urban furniture; Public urban spaces; Urban image and environmental perception; Urban occupation and interventions in coastland areas); 2) Methodological procedures and data collection; 3) Analysis of Rio Grande do Norte coastal areas and their urban interventions; 4) Final considerations and Industrial Design contributions to the subject

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On Rio Grande do Norte northern coast the process of sediment transport are intensely controlled by wind and sea (waves and currents) action, causing erosion and shoreline morphological instability. Due to the importance of such coastal zone it was realized the multi-spectral mapping and physical-chemical characterization of mudflats and mangroves aiming to support the mitigating actions related to the containment of the erosive process on the oil fields of Macau and Serra installed at the study area. The multi-spectral bands of 2000 and 2008 LANDSAT 5 TM images were submitted on the several digital processing steps and RGB color compositions integrating spectral bands and Principal Components. Such processing methodology was important to the mapping of different units on surface, together with field works. It was possible to make an analogy of the spectral characteristics of wetlands with vegetations areas (mangrove), showing the possibility to make a restoration of this area, contributing with the environmental monitoring of that ecosystem. The maps of several units were integrated in GIS environment at 1:60,000 scale, including the classification of features according to the presence or absence of vegetation cover. Thus, the strategy of methodology established that there are 10.13 km2 at least of sandy-muddy and of these approximately 0.89 km2 with the possibility to be used in a reforestation of typical flora of mangrove. The physical-chemical characterization showed areas with potential to introduce local species of mangrove and they had a pH above neutral with a mean of 8.4. The characteristic particle size is sand in the fine fractions, the high levels of carbonate, organic matter and major and trace element in general are concentrated where the sediment had the less particles size, showing the high correlation that those elements have with smaller particles of sediment. The application of that methodological strategy is relevant to the better understanding of features behavior and physical-chemical data of sediment samples collected on field allow the analysis of efficiency/capability of sandy-muddy to reforestation with local mangrove species for mitigation of the erosive action and coastal processes on the areas occupied by the oil industry

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In this dissertation, the theoretical principles governing the molecular modeling were applied for electronic characterization of oligopeptide α3 and its variants (5Q, 7Q)-α3, as well as in the quantum description of the interaction of the aminoglycoside hygromycin B and the 30S subunit of bacterial ribosome. In the first study, the linear and neutral dipeptides which make up the mentioned oligopeptides were modeled and then optimized for a structure of lower potential energy and appropriate dihedral angles. In this case, three subsequent geometric optimization processes, based on classical Newtonian theory, the semi-empirical and density functional theory (DFT), explore the energy landscape of each dipeptide during the search of ideal minimum energy structures. Finally, great conformers were described about its electrostatic potential, ionization energy (amino acids), and frontier molecular orbitals and hopping term. From the hopping terms described in this study, it was possible in subsequent studies to characterize the charge transport propertie of these peptides models. It envisioned a new biosensor technology capable of diagnosing amyloid diseases, related to an accumulation of misshapen proteins, based on the conductivity displayed by proteins of the patient. In a second step of this dissertation, a study carried out by quantum molecular modeling of the interaction energy of an antibiotic ribosomal aminoglicosídico on your receiver. It is known that the hygromycin B (hygB) is an aminoglycoside antibiotic that affects ribosomal translocation by direct interaction with the small subunit of the bacterial ribosome (30S), specifically with nucleotides in helix 44 of the 16S ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA). Due to strong electrostatic character of this connection, it was proposed an energetic investigation of the binding mechanism of this complex using different values of dielectric constants (ε = 0, 4, 10, 20 and 40), which have been widely used to study the electrostatic properties of biomolecules. For this, increasing radii centered on the hygB centroid were measured from the 30S-hygB crystal structure (1HNZ.pdb), and only the individual interaction energy of each enclosed nucleotide was determined for quantum calculations using molecular fractionation with conjugate caps (MFCC) strategy. It was noticed that the dielectric constants underestimated the energies of individual interactions, allowing the convergence state is achieved quickly. But only for ε = 40, the total binding energy of drug-receptor interaction is stabilized at r = 18A, which provided an appropriate binding pocket because it encompassed the main residues that interact more strongly with the hygB - C1403, C1404, G1405, A1493, G1494, U1495, U1498 and C1496. Thus, the dielectric constant ≈ 40 is ideal for the treatment of systems with many electrical charges. By comparing the individual binding energies of 16S rRNA nucleotides with the experimental tests that determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of hygB, it is believed that those residues with high binding values generated bacterial resistance to the drug when mutated. With the same reasoning, since those with low interaction energy do not influence effectively the affinity of the hygB in its binding site, there is no loss of effectiveness if they were replaced.

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This present dissertation has as its aim of study an analysis of the environmental policy and the urban development at the Periperi Hill. Such analysis arose due to concerns related to the disordered occupation in that Hill and also due to the environmental problems caused by this occupation. By opening roads and developing areas for housing and mineral extraction activities, man has altered considerably the landscape natural balance in that hill and caused among other difficulties, grave environmental problems, such as the erosin at the hill coast, deforestation, obstruction and pollution of the Verruga River. Therefore, in 1998 it was decreed by the Municipal Public Power that Periperi Hill became an Environmental Preservation Area with a Unit of Conservation known as Periperi Hill Municipal Park, an environmental policy implemented at the Hill that aims to hinder this occupation and to protect areas that are of great environmental importance to the city. It looking at what is now exposed and aiming to consider the Periperi Hill s environmental policy and the relationship of the occupation process, that this present work has the objective of understanding how the expansion of the city s urban network in Vitória da Conquista BA and the mineral activities cause an influence in the process of environmental degradation at the Periperi Hill

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The Ponta Negra borough is a part and the originally core of Ponta Negra quarter, placed on the South area of Natal/RN city. Its population was constituted by fishermen whose, beyond the fishing work, cultivated small plantations, made carbon and lace. For a long period of time, the borough was isolated from the rest of the city because of the great ground distance and due the fact that the local inhabitants found their own maintenance on the place. The scenery was being little by little modified from de 80 s because of the neighborhood urban development, that became one of the most searching tourism places in the city that turns the borough into a expensive place to live, with plenty of entertainment and high income, due the new habitation standards, new economic activities, new inhabitants belonging to higher social classes, new habits and way of living. The present work aims to verify weather or not, in the middle of all changes, the original social actors that still live in the Ponta Negra borough, are able to keep the traditional community bounds that once guided their existences. On that sense, we will analyze the conflicts that pass through the community, with attention on the sociability, space usage and appropriation

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It discusses the Health Care of the Elderly in the town of Mossoró, traversing the paths that discussed the history of health care, which has been altered by the new (con) formation and required adjustments of society which led the development and implementation of the National Health Care for the Elderly with the backdrop of the guiding principles of the Health System - SUS. The goals outlined were: To map the implementation of the policy of health care for the elderly in Mossoró considering whether this is based on the principles and guidelines of the NHS and National Health Policy of the Elderly; Check if health promotion is seen as a strategy that favors the elderly mossoroenses the possibility of healthy aging; identify the discourse of the elderly about the aging process and the strategies you use to take care of your needs. Applies as a methodological strategy BOAS, complemented by interviews with twenty (20) elderly residents of Mossoró with a view to understand the objective elements, and the political and subjective traits that express a regularity which marks the area of health care mossoroense elderly. The data were tabulated and the BOAS divided into nine sections for analysis. The speeches were transcribed seized and subjected to a thorough reading that allowed the visualization of issues that have been examined with theoretical and methodological support to the model proposed by Boaventura de Souza Santos (2006) designated this cosmopolitan reason being supported by three meta-sociological procedures, namely, the sociology of absences, the sociology of translation work and emergencies. It appears as a result the exclusion and discrimination of the elderly in different social settings, a condition that prevents them from being aware of their importance as citizens deserving of decent treatment and respect for the family, society and the government, when addressing health the elderly said the need to propose alternative models of care that has the paradigm of health promotion. We conclude that in these areas, meetings are held, to draw lines that were heterogeneous because they were built by the dissimilarities that engender incessantly and show that although we have advanced regarding the attention of the elderly in Mossoró there is still a long way to go in order to meet the needs revealed by the elderly. It is suggested that the practice of trial-creation-differentiation, while highlighting the historical and procedural dimension, deconstructions and negotiations with collective effects. A democratic paradigm and analytical creeps: the constitution are moments of Health Care for the Elderly shaping a new landscape in the town of Mossoró.

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Extensive studies using molecular markers on butterflies have shown how a highly fragmented landscape may result in the reduction of gene flow among patches of habitat and, consequently, increase genetic differentiation among populations. However, little is known about Heliconius geographical structure and the effects of fragmentation on the connectivity of populations. Furthermore, findings on the effects of the population structure on the dynamics of mimicry evolution in Heliconius butterflies need to be tested in H. erato and H. melpomene specimens found in other locations other than Central and northern South Americas. For the present study, we had two motivations: (1) compare the population structure of H. erato and H. melpomene given the highly fragmented Brazil s Atlantic Forest habitat; and (2) studying population structure of co-mimics could give us insights into the dynamics of mimicry evolution. For this, we analysed the spatial structure and connectivity of eight populations of Heliconius butterflies, in a total of 137 H. erato specimens and 145 H. melpomene specimens, using nine microsatellites loci, 1144 AFLPs markers and 282 mitochondrial DNA sequences. In general, both species exhibited evidence of population subdivision but no isolation by distance indicating some extent of genetic differentiation among populations. Contrary to Kronforst & Gilbert s (2008) Costa Rican Heliconius, H. melpomene exhibited more genetic differentiation than H. erato based on nuclear markers. However, for mitochondrial DNA, H. erato populations showed more genetic differentiation than H. melpomene. Our results corroborate to other studies on Heliconius butterflies concerning the pronounced population subdivision and local genetic drift found in this genus. Nevertheless, the pattern of this differentiation varies significantly from the pattern found in studies conducted in Central America, where H. erato is generally more differentiated and structured than H. melpomene, based on nuclear markers. This different pattern may reflect different evolutionary histories of Heliconius species in Northeastern Brazil s Atlantic Forest

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The habitat loss and fragmentation are considered the main threats to the biodiversity. These threats operate at the landscape level, which drives the need to manage entire landscapes, not just its components. Although systematic monitoring of the Atlantic Forest biome has been ongoing since the late eighties, current data on forest fragmentation for the sub-region of Pernambuco are practically nonexistent. This study aimed to map out, with high spatial resolution, the remnants of Atlantic forest in Rio Grande do Norte, and conduct a landscape level analysis. The results show that the landscape is highly fragmented, where about 13.6% to 17% of biome remains. Most of the fragments is less than 10 ha, while a few fragments have area larger than 100 ha. Although the high degree of fragmentation, the average distance between fragments found was small (128 m), this estimate is lower than has been observed for the biome (1440m). There is evidence that abrupt changes in the quantification of landscape structure can occur when one observes the fragmentation at high spatial resolution. The results presented here can be used in management actions, in order to make the scenario more conducive to maintaining biodiversity.

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The inherent complexity of natural communities is a challenge to our understanding about how the habitat influences the abundance, local distribution and species diversity. The habitat can influence community structure in multiple ways and elucidate these relationships has provoked a lot of debate in ecology. The habitat heterogeneity hypothesis states that an increase in habitat heterogeneity (number of habitats) leads to an increase in species diversity in the landscape due to an expansion in niche dimensions. This study aims to identify whether this hypothesis is valid for the spiders that inhabit a locality in the Caatinga of northeastern Brazil. Cursorial and arboreal spiders were sampled in 30 plots within an area of Caatinga together with measures of environmental complexity, habitat heterogeneity and environmental parameters related to multiple aspects of vegetation architecture and species composition of woody plants. Stepwise multiple regressions were used to define which local environmental parameters best explain the variation in arboreal and cursorial spiders richness. Then a NMDS (Nonmetric multidimensional scaling) was used to reduce the number of predictive variables to those who are the most important and best represent the variation in spiders richness associated with the environment they were sampled. The results show a clear segregation between the guilds of arboreal and cursorial spiders, both related to what kind of environmental variables best explain its variation as well as in relation to what part of the vegetation they occupy

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Les sociétés actuelles vivent des temps de vitesse, de l'individualisme, de l'absence d'enracinement historique: en harmonie avec le processus de formation de la civilisation du monde occidental contemporain profondément marqué par le paradigme de la globalisation. La pollution visuelle et sonore des grandes villes est, en même temps, l'expression de la pollution des sens et des affections humaines. En reflétant sur ce processus, la thèse discuter em faveur d'une formation réglée dans la logique du sensible qu'il a dans l'écouter près de la nature (Lévi-Strauss) un de leurs piliers épistémologiques ondamentales. Cette forme de penser et vivre reconnaît dans l'autoformation (Edgar Morin), et dans l'exercice de construction, par le sujet, de leurs propres paysages sonores (Murray Schafer), deux opérateurs cognitifs capables de nourrir les principes de la diversité, complexité, interdépendance et respect à la nature (Fritjof Capra). Dans le parcours argumentatif de la thèse gagnent emphase les savoirs de la tradition, les pratiques et les connaissances produites par les sociétés le plus proche de la nature qui, par des stratégies cognitives ouvertes et des polyphoniques, donnent importance aux facultés sensibles et à la complémentarité des deux itinéraires de la pensée: symbolique/mythologique/magique et empirique/technique/rationnel (Edgar Morin). Proche d'une perspective autobiographique, la thèse se présente dans la forme narrative d'un registre avec des évocations poétiques, philosophiques et musicales germées de l'écouter d'un paysage particulier, la Lagon du Piató, localisé dans la région de l'Assu (Rio Grande do Norte) et, en particulier, des récits et des évocations de mémoire d'un de leurs habitants auxlesquels nous pourrions appeler d'un philosophe de la nature , Francisco Lucas da Silva (Chico Lucas). Ensuite, ils sont décrits non-place (Marc-Augé) des scénarios métropolitains, en discutant ainsi les excès de pollution sonore, visuelle et de l'afection. En ayant comme estimé une éducation complexe ancrée dans non séparation il entre réforme de l'éducation et reforme de la pensée, de la formation et autoformation (Edgar Morin), à la fin, la thèse propose des ateliers d'expérimentation de l'écouter sensible entre des jeunes et des enfants sur le contexte scolaire, en pariant dans les futures générations (Ilya Prigogine) pour la reconstruction d'un monde plus juste et solidaire

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Remote Communities. Absence of artifacts and minimization of the exacerbated consumption of modernity. The desire which spread beyond what reality can provide. Expressions like this are present in this paper which focus in the social representations of school built by residents who live at the riversides of Môa and Azul Rivers, in Mâncio Lima, Acre State. To do so, we used the methodological contribution of the semi-structured interview, observation of the place while a natural inhabitant of the region, and also photos analyses of local reality. A key feature of the riverside homes is the glued paper on the walls of houses forming a panel set of portraits, pictures, letters and numbers for all appreciated. Regardless of whether or not read, there is admiration for the color of the images, the layout of the letters, and the things of the city awakening the desire to obtain school knowledge. The resident of this Amazon region maintains a close relationship between thinking, acting and feeling living harmonically with nature that connects them to the ideal landscape which is revisited by the graphic material that attracts wondering what exists beyond the shores of the river, beyond the horizon of green forests. It is a life entirely accomplished by the imaginary where exist a framed landscape merged and confused by the real and the supernatural, in which men and gods walk together by the forest, sailing by the rivers and seek a possible aesthetic between the real and ideal. The Theory of Social Representations spread by Serge Moscovici (2005) and Jodelet (2001) guided our gaze on the understanding what the school is and its representation to the riversides, as well to reveal the relation they practice with the knowledge that is spread by the mystification and the knowledge that is practice daily. Based in Bardin s thematic analysis (2004) we tried to raise such contents combining them in five analysis categories

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L étude vient de présenter la recherche qui a eu lieu pendent la formation des professeurs d l'Institut d'Enseignement Supérieur Président Kennedy à Natal-RN, dont les sujets son les professeurs de la septième période du Cours Normal Supérieur. L objet d´étude sont les pratiques formatives de ces professeurs en formation par des difficultés qui ils présentaient pour comprendre les relations entre les domaines de connaissance le l interface avec les expériences, et le processus de formation. L objectif a éte identifier dans l expériences ludopoèthiques, les lieus de construction de l autoterritorialité des professeus en tant qu en formation. Parmi les pressuposés théoriques qui ont soutenu le développement de la recherche comprennent: Enseignement Humain ; Corps-espace; Corporéité; Auto-formation et Transdisciplinarité. L'approche de la recherche qualitative adopte les principes de la rechercheaction- formation, dans une perspective etnophenomenologique. La discipline Memorial de Formação avec l'utilisation de jeu de sable,a été le laboratoire des expériences, l outil de la recherche qui a subventionné la construction des narratives autobiographiques. La perspective transdisciplinaire sur l'étude a rassemblé dans la dimension épistémologique les références théoriques de la Géographie, de la corporéité. et des histoires de vie dans la formation. L'Atelier Corps (Bio) Géographique a été développé par cinq rencontres: Paysage du Sensible, Lieu de Sentipensar, Territoires des Découvertes, Région des Savoirs et de l'Espace Géographique de la Ecoformação. Les expériences vécues dans l'Atelier par les participants de la recherche ont permis une sensible et attentive écoute sur leur propre histoire, en donnant la possibilité de la reconstruction de la mémoire, et en faisant réfléchir sur son l'auto-formation. La découverte des cartes et la construction d un nouveau paysage autoformatif par les memoires ludiques des différentes phases de la vie, a fait apparaître la propriété ludopoètique de l autoterriotalité, au même temps qui a enrégistré la construction ontologique dans sa corporéité

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El concepto de paisaje, caracterizado por la colaboración de distintos dominios cognitivos, atraviesa campos disciplinarios y formas de estructurar la producción de conocimiento a través del Arte. Para Cauquelin (2007), la representación occidental de la mirada paisajística es siempre una mirada estética que indica una conexión inseparable de la forma percibida con la forma sentida. Esa mirada estética recuerda al hombre su condición bioantropológica. En ese sentido, entiendo que un paisaje se presenta como un medio donde el humano puede ejercer su singularidad poética, transitando, así, por campos o capas de conocimientos diversos capaces de ampliar su visión rearticuladora del mundo. Motivada por esa percepción, elegí como campo empírico el Museo Taller de Cerámica Francisco Brennand, en Recife, Pernambuco. Reconstruido por el artista, el lugar, injertado de recuerdos de la infancia, pasa a abrigar, a partir de 1971, el conjunto de su obra de cerámica y pintórica. La frecuentación del artista transformó la estrategia metodológica de la entrevista en sabias y agradables conversaciones, que me proporcionaron la experiencia de otras posibilidades de enfoque durante la realización de la investigación. El objetivo de la investigación es ampliar las relaciones conceptuales entre paisaje y representación, en el sentido de privilegiar a la imaginación creativa. Tomé al paisaje como una metáfora y como un operador cognitivo, imprescindibles para el aprendizaje de la condición humana. Compartir estrategias a la vez complementares y recíprocas es lo que proponen Almeida (2009) y Morin con vistas a volver a enlazar la cultura científica y la cultura humanística, en un metodo mestizo y bricoleur que es necesaria para una reforma del pensamiento que lleva en cuenta el ensueño de la materia propuesto por Bachelard (2008). El arte se convierte, así, en un operador cognitivo capaz de promover cambios en el contexto de la educación, en dirección a una pedagogía con base compleja, como propone Pereira (1999)

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On this qualitative study, it has been discussed the school inclusion paths done by a student with cerebral palsy, who we call Liz, and who was also the reference and indirect subject for this study. For the representation of landscapes found, it follows throughout historical, political and pedagogical paths, getting through the case study method references on the current Brazilian educational context, analyzing, which concepts are attributed to the inclusion and which practices are developed by educational managers and teachers in a regular school of the City of Natal/RN. The theory which based this research is supported on Vygotsky's central ideas (1991, 1997, 2004) and his followers. Furthermore, it was essential to bring to this investigative journey a literature which could dialogue with the most relevant aspects of the cultural-historical approach, emphasizing the assumptions of a progressive education tendency, which promotes the subject involvement of his/her work in the world and for the world. This way, it was necessary to seek for theoretical support on assistive technology and on alternative communication, in order to show the importance of establishing other communications, which is, to break away from the conventional pattern established by the school. On this journey it was used procedures for the data construction, such as: observation, conducting semistructured interviews and questionnaires; and document analysis that supported and legitimized the inclusion, besides the permanent field diaries record. On the access paths to this landscape it entered in the Youth and Adults Education (Educação de Jovens e Adultos - EJA), seeking to establish a dialogue among Youth and Adult Education and Special Education. It was verified that, still, there are large gaps in these policies articulation. Among the results obtained it was raised discussions on new scenery, in which Youth and Adults Education (EJA) emerges as prominent mode of the established relationships throughout the school inclusion process. There were target reflections on: the planning and evaluation systematic, the pedagogical articulation among the Youth and Adults Education (EJA) teachers and the multifunctional resource room teacher's actions and the continuous training importance of the educators involved. It was considered, therefore, that the necessary mediations for school inclusion may be sustained if the walkers are involved in a permanent contact with the nature of a proposal from the Special Education inclusive perspective