Inclusão social de catadores de materiais recicláveis: estudo da política nacional de resíduos sólidos e da efetivação do trabalho decente em Natal/RN

The integrated management of municipal solid waste in Brazil is held legally responsible by the city council administration. This is done since the year 2010 with the publication of the National Solid Waste Policy term. According to the policy and law, each city must encourage the implementation of selective collection and the participation of waste picker´s entities aiming social inclusion. However, these actions haven’t yet reached its legal aims. These workers are considered regarding collection actions but are stripped of certain basic labor rights not in conformation with the Decent Work concept. This type of work, according to International Labour Organization, must be seen as work that is properly paid for and must be done regarding conditions of freedom, equity, security and able to provide workers with a dignified life conditions. Thus, this work aims to investigate the implementation process regarding the Solid Waste National Policy in Natal-Rio Grande do Norte in Brazil. This is done considering socio-productive insertion of recyclable material collectors. The research is substantiated by a qualitative approach as well as documental and bibliographical research. A field research considering the cooperatives as well “in locco" observation and semi-structured interviews were carried out between the time span of 2013 and 2014. In order to investigate decent daily working conditions the research emphasized municipal management actions in Natal towards social inclusion that aim to reflect on the progress and difficulties experimented. It is seen that even when these cooperatives receive government support there are still important struggles that need to be overcome. The worker´s tasks are risky, the work environment in not safe or is adequate in terms of health issues. There is the stigma of it being considered an occupational task, the low individual income distancing the activity regarding parameters of the Green Employment and Decent Work concept. On the other hand, the survey showed potential as the relentless pursuit on behalf of the cooperatives that still search better work condition improvement.

“Que diferença da mulher o homem tem?”: erotismo e pornografia em Maria Teresa Horta e Carlos Drummond de Andrade

This research has the delimitation of erotic space on printed paper as a general proposition, amidst the poetic text, and therefore the real world. To do so, it proposes the comparison of two transgressor writing styles, putting together the Portuguese writer Maria Teresa Horta and the Brazilian writer Carlos Drummond de Andrade by an erotic plot, by an atopic and declassed speech to which both of them produced works, respectively, Educação Sentimental (1975) and O amor natural (1992). Has the eroticism as a combination of the masculine and feminine voices in a heterosexual relationship. It is intended to probe how the literary universe represents man and woman, and if this representation is actually socially imposed or brings to light something new. If each point of view is the view of a point, each author will talk from the top of its point of observation and experimentation, the most comfortable for itself. Therefore, it seeks to investigate eroticism itself and its relationship to everyday life, also delimiting it from what separates – or near – it from pornography and obscenity.

O figurino na narrativa dos filmes de Guel Arraes: O Auto da Compadecida (2000) e O Bem Amado (2010)

This research focuses on the course of Guel Arraes, moviemaker, and picks two movies for analysis: O Auto da Compadecida (2000) and O Bem Amado (2010), as well as their costumes. The focus on the costume is based on Semiology and aims to decode the meanings that stem out of the clothes. Three of the movies characters will have their costumes analyzed based on Roland Barthes’ theory, mainly considering semiology elements (language and speech), (significant and meaning) and (system and syntagma). The influence of the Armorial movement into the movie O Auto da Compadecida and the Kitsch aesthetic in O Bem Amado deserve consideration, aside from the study on costumes function within narrative, supported by Roland Barthes’ structural analysis of the narrative. We sought to highlight the balance between characters’ lines and the image of the costumes in the movies. Adding to the study on how costumes strongly accounts to narrative, we observed characteristic traits of director and scriptwriter Guel Arraes present in his works, which are the northeastern man identity, a presentation of the Northeast and popular comedy. We believe that his choices when creating and his life influences are not separate from one another. Our research was movie-appraisal centered and had a thorough investigation all over language. The main considerations are supported by the following theories: Barthes (2007), Figueirôa and Fechine (2008), Moles (2001), Stuart Hall (2005) and Mikhail Bakhtin (2013).

A reportagem nas rádios comerciais de Natal-RN

This thesis aims to investigate the space of radio reporting and production conditions in radio newscasts in commercial stations operating in modulated frequency (FM) in the city of Natal, Rio Grande do Norte. Through preliminary empirical observation, it was observed that this journalistic style (radio reportage) is hardly present in the schedule of local commercial radio stations, with a lack of in-depth news coverage. The research is based on the content broadcast in four daily radio news programs transmitted by commercial stations. It raises the hypothesis that the crisis that cuts across journalistic companies could be justified by the lack of financial funding in in-depth news reporting. The starting point for the case study (Yin, 2005) was a bibliographical research, for building a theoretical model of reference for the studied style, based on Prado (1989), Bespalhok (2006), Meditsch (2007), Lopes (2013) and Ferraretto (2014). The methodology also included listening to content broadcast during a week in the four analyzed news programs, participant observation and interviews with professionals who produce these programs. There were eight events with similar characteristics to radio reporting, all broadcast in just one of the analyzed programs. According to the interviewees, the format is rarely used because it would generate high businesses costs, which are prohibitively high for the stations. The research also inferred that besides the lack of entrepreneurial vision, there is accommodation of the professionals who could produce news stories even with little structure available. Finally, this work points out the need to invest more on local radio journalism to improve the quality of the information provided on commercial broadcasters in Natal and the training of journalism students to use radio's potential to maximum use.

A produção audiovisual do #foramicarla: características da apropriação do vídeo nos movimentos sociais em rede

Este trabalho se debruçou sobre a produção audiovisual das movimentações de protesto ocorridas em Natal, capital do Rio Grande do Norte, entre maio e junho de 2011, denominadas #ForaMicarla. Objetivou-se caracterizar esta produção numa tentativa de responder o porquê e como eles lançaram mão do vídeo em suas ações, sob as hipóteses de que a midiatização e o acesso facilitado a estas tecnologias tinham a ver com suas opções. Lançou-se mão de procedimentos histórico-dialético e teoria fundamentada (Fragoso, Recuero e Amaral), a partir das técnicas de observação não-participante, aplicação de questionário e entrevistas em profundidade. Posicionou-se estas movimentações sociais em redes, na conceituação de Castells, dentro de uma perspectiva da contra-hegemonia como uma Mídia Radical (Downing), sendo um Audiovisual de Combate (Bustos). Esta mídia possui as características do Novo Protesto (Assis), inserido no contexto da midiatização da sociedade de Verón e Sodré. Tentou-se também identificar historicamente as origens do poder hegemônico e a estrutura oligárquica, coronelística e familiar que fundou o poder no Brasil, apropriando-se do conceito de Coronelismo Eletrônico de Lima e Lopes e Assistencialismo Midiático de Guareschi, Dias e Hartmann. Através dos dados obtidos houve a emersão das categorias para análise deste tipo de audiovisual.

Fragmentos e abismos discursivos do Livro do desasocego

Considering Fernando Pessoa’s The Book of Disquiet as edited in English –, written under the would-be heteronym Bernardo Soares, the author of the present thesis has tried to question, and eventually show, the forms through which fragmentary writing can reveal the power of language. The approach to literary corpus of this research was made having in mind the symbolic structure of the representation of language, used by Soares’ character as a continuous life reinvention resource - a character that shows himself as a proclaimer of reflections and aphorisms spread under numerous themes and pieces of text. The The Book of Disquiet has recorded a somewhat unquiet recent history since its first edition in 1982, with a considerable number of editions and editing criteria, having in common Dominique Maingueneau’s (2006) textual analysis as central theoretical subsidy. In the present work, however, the author has sought to endeavor beyond the theory and borders of Maingeneau’s approach, and to bring by the contribution of authors that had already explored confluent issues, e.g. Françoise Susini-Anastapoulos, Gilles Deleuze, Jerónimo Pizarro, Maurice Blanchot, Roland Barthes, and other. Considering that The Book of Disquiet is a fragmentary work by nature, the author believes that multiple contributions are likely to favor multiple approaches and to reveal consistent angles or paths to approaching Soares’ core work.

Orações relativas no português brasileiro em perspectiva histórica

In this study, we focus on the relativization strategies, in diachronic corpus of Brazilian Portuguese (BP). Generally speaking, we aim to investigate the use of the relative in a historical perspective on BP, focusing on semantic-cognitive and discursive-pragmatic motivations involved and the correlation with the discursive traditions. The theoretical perspective underlying our study is the North-American Functional Linguistics, inspired by Talmy Givón, Sandra Thompson, Paul Hopper, Joan Bybee, Elizabeth Traugott, Mario Martelotta, Angelica Furtado da Cunha, among others, combined with contributions of Discursive Traditions, based on authors such as Kabatek, Koch and Oesterreicher. As for the methodology, our research is eminently qualitative, in the sense that it seeks to elucidate semantic-cognitive and discursive-pragmatic motivations related to the use of relativization strategies in BP; and it has quantitative support, with respect to measurable data aspect and characterization of the object of study and its frequency of use. For this investigation, we use the corpora of the project Para a História do Português Brasileiro (PHPB), more specifically, the particular, official, reader and redactor letters written between the eighteenth and twentieth centuries, from four states: Minas Gerais, Paraná, Pernambuco and Rio de Janeiro. The results of this research reveal the variation in relativization strategies, in view of the increase in the relativa cortadora (prepositional chopping strategy) percentage in the corpus of this investigation, even though the occurrence of this strategy is more restricted to private letters. In addition, we found factors of cognitive nature such as reduction in cognitive cost and economy related to the occurrence of that relative strategy, principally in private letters; aspects such as the need for expressiveness and clearness related to the use, even if infrequent, of the relativa copiadora (resumptive strategy), especially in official letters; and factors of communicative order such as the public sphere of circulation of the sample letters, as in the redactor and reader letters, and the gap between the parties most directly involved in the use of the standard relative of our sample.

A intercompreensão em Línguas Românicas nas aulas de Espanhol: o que querem e o que podem essas línguas?

The official documents that guide the teaching and learning process of a Foreign Language in Brazil, Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais de Língua Estrangeira, suggest a linguistic and intercultural communication as the main objective of teaching a foreign language inorderto contribute withareflexive formation of the students.Toachieve this goal, a Virtual Interchange was realized connecting distant places like Córdoba, in Argentina, and Natal in Brazil, between High School students through Moodle platform and Facebook. The Interchange is based in the Intercomprehension in Romance Languages(IC) guidelines, inthiscase between Portuguese and Spanish, according to which every student speaks their own language and makes an effort to comprehend the others througha collaborative process thatgo es beyond the limits of mere linguistic objectives and favors the students’ reality acceptance before the diversity. This qualitative study with thno graphic characteristic stries to know whe ther differentiate projects can increase students’ interest to learn the target language. It was also set as an aim of this study to develop the intercultural competence of our students and foster the respect for different cultures. In the case of Argentinian and Brazilian students, wetried to promote reflection about social representation trying to destroy stereotypes between both groups. As methodological resources, we used interviews, questionnaires and intercomprehension activities during the Project, as well as a participant observation of the interactions betweenthe students of both countries.Webe lieve tobe contributing towards the integral formation ofth student asacriticalcitizenthatthinksa bouttheir posture before the world, which is one of the formal education aims according to Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais. Our theoretical foundation is based on Intercomprehension in Romance Languages (IC) as a plurilingualism didactics, (JAMET AND SPIŢĂ 2010; ARAÚJO AND SÁ et al., 2003; CAPUCHO, 2010; ANDRADE etal.,2003), some the oriesaboutinter culturalisman didentity(Vallespir, 1999;DUARTE&SANCHES,2004; REVUZ,1998;SILVA,2000;CHAUÍ2006; SERRANI-INFANTE 1998), motivation and second language learning (DECI & RYAN, 1985; DÖRNYEI AND OTTÓ, 1998; DÖRNYEI, 2000, 2001; 2011) and Significant Learning Theory (AUSUBEL, 1968). The results show an increase of students’ motivation when in contact with the target language through dynamic activities in an IC context. Moreover, we noticed that a deeper thinking aboutthe Argentinian culture helped to deconstruct previous cultural representation.

Um estudo do gênero ata de audiência na esfera jurídico-trabalhista

The activities in labor judicial sphere are permeated by the use of diverse text genres, which are indispensable instruments to the accomplishment of actions that involve the jurisdictional realm. Among the genres that circulate in this domain, we selected the genre minutes of hearing as the object of study of this research, because it is a document supporting the actions, procedures and deliberations agreed, in hearings, by members involved in work-related litigation. In this study we aim to describe the elements that constitute the referred genre in what concerns its pragmatic, organizational and linguistic dimensions. Therefore, we use the postulations of Sociodiscursive Interactionism as theoretical framework, through the writings of Bronckart (2006; 2007; 2012), supported by Marcuschi studies (2008; 2010; 2011), Koch and Favero (1987), Elias Koch (2011; 2012) and Zanotto (2012). In methodological terms, it is characterized as a qualitative approach research (BOGDAN; BIKLEN, 1994; CHIZZOTTI, 2000; MOREIRA; CALEFFE, 2006) with aspects of an ethnographic work (ANDRÉ, 1995; CANÇADO, 1994). The discussion proposed inserts into the field of Applied Linguistics for it focalizes ―social issues and creates intelligibility about the social practices in which language plays the main role‖ (MOITA LOPES, 2006, p.14). The analyses indicate – regarding the pragmatic dimension – that the genre in focus constitutes artefact that enables the register of actions, deliberations, testimonials, procedures and occurrences established during the hearings and has as its interlocutors judges, litigants and their legal representatives. Concerning the organizational dimension, despite the genre in scope present a proposal of standardized writing, their examples contemplate variations and flexibility especially with regard to the development and outcome of the text. As for linguistic aspects, it is noticeable the presence of lexical choices inherent in the language used by labor law discourse community. Lastly, stand out the relevance of the research lies in the fact that it approaches, from the perspective of the Applied Linguistics, the forensic writing and, consequently, offers contributions to the understanding of such genre.

Um coração que pulsa fora do corpo: imagens passionais nas cartas de Frida Kahlo

Entre los años 30 y 40 del siglo pasado, México vio surgir de las cenizas de la revolución mexicana, una figura singular. Frida Kahlo es descrita hasta la fecha de hoy, por el imaginario social – en sus pinturas, en sus fotografías – como una mujer que ha marcado una época y se ha convertido en un símbolo de luchas, y esto se extiende hasta la contemporaneidad. Se ha creado en torno a la pintora mexicana, varias imágenes sociales que se describen en el juego dialógico entre sus obras y sus interlocutores. Teniendo por referencia estas afirmaciones, la investigación aquí presentada ha tomado como procedimiento realizar un análisis de seis cartas escritas por Frida a sus interlocutores amados/amantes – tres hombres con los que estuvo involucrada, emocionalmente, durante diferentes períodos de su vida – y, como objetivo, hacer un mapeo de los ethé construidos por ella en enunciados en los cuales ella "pinta" verbalmente una imagen de sí misma que se revela en las opciones léxicas elegidas para hablar de amor, de traición, de amistad, de dolor y de su estar en el mundo. Por lo tanto, hemos refinado una imagen estética e ideológica de Frida Kahlo que se cubre de pasionalidades distintas y de diversos grados dialógicos. Hay, en el recorte temporal y axiológico que hicimos para esta investigación, una mujer de naturaleza amante y que transformó ese amor en el tono de sus enfrentamientos con los interlocutores con quienes estuvo involucrada emocionalmente. Nuestro análisis está anclado en los postulados teóricos del Análisis Dialógico del Discurso (ADD), cuyo teórico base es el filósofo ruso Mikhail Bakhtin (2003, 2009, 2013) – sobre todo cuando se trata de estilo – y en la teoría de la enunciación de Maingueneau (2008, 2005) y Charaudeau (2006) – en lo que se refiere al ethos discursivo. Esta investigación se inserta en el área de Lingüística Aplicada y tiene un enfoque cualitativo-interpretativo.

Crises do cotidiano em Machado de Assis e Luigi Pirandello: um estudo comparado

This thesis proposes to identify possible similarities and differences between the novels Memórias Póstumas de Brás Cubas (1981), by the Brazilian writer Machado de Assis, and Uno, Nessuno and Centomila (1926), by the Italian writer Luigi Pirandello. The two authors have prominent respective places in Brazilian and Italian literature, and both observed and experienced remarkable changes in their societies Brazil's imperial period, and Italy’s post-risorgimentale period. We will verify how each author composes a piece o literary art in which it is possible to achieve the authors’social and moral conscience. We will also attempt to achieve thefeelings of restlessness, anxiety, fear, doubt, interest, vanity, ambition: in summary, the desire of the characters to exist, which represents man at the end of the nineteenth century and commencement of thetwentieth century. The characters’ features point to fragmented identity, in search of a place in the world, even if he needs to renounce his essence and to adopt a corresponding appearance to all images that society assigns to him in order to achieve such a place. The protagonists, Brás Cubas and Vitangelo Moscarda, will lead us along the paths of consciousness of each, which demarcate the border between essence and appearance. Critics such as Roberto Schwarz, Alfredo Bosi, Leone Castris, among others, will give us the theoretical support necessary for a comparative study between the two authors, whom, like few others, knew how to express, through their characters, the difficult relationship of man with himself and with the universe at large.

A construção autobiográfica e memorialística em oiteiro: memórias de uma sinhá-moça

In this research, we intend to deliver a possible reading of the narrative Oiteiro: memórias de uma Sinhá-Moça (1958), by the writer Magdalena Antunes, placing it within the context of the Brazilian Literature of Rio Grande do Norte. The author’s personal and social relations described in her book as well as the outcomes within an autobiographical, memorialistic and fictional approach will be under inquiry here. Our intent is to reach an understanding of the autobiographical aspects in Antunes’ work that reveal the “writing of the self” and its probable fictional traits, by means of the tensions identified in the narrative. For this reason, we rely on contributions by Lejeune (2008); Amorim (2007; 2012); Walty (1985) and Iser (2002), among others. Aditionally, Antunes’ work is also constituted of a memorialistic nature, which emerges in the book through the reinterpretation of memories based on the author’s childhood and adolescence. For a theoretical description of those moments, we will utilize some conceptions on individual and collective memory and the thoughts of Henri Bergson (1999) and Le Goff (1984), as opposed to the contributions brought by Maurice Halbwachs (2006) and other authors.

A correlação locução adjetiva/adjetivo: uma análise funcional

This research deals with the relationship locução adjetiva / adjective, focusing the reasons for using one form or the other one, in situations where the speaker has a choice between an adjective or a locução adjetiva virtually correspondent and vice versa. In general, the objective is to investigate the possibility of correlation between locução adjetiva and adjective, and to identify motivations for the use of one form or the other one. The theoretical support of this paper is the Linguística Funcional Centrada no Uso (LFCU), which groups together theoretical and methodological assumptions of North American Functional Linguistics, represented by authors as Givón (1984), Bybee (2010), Traugott (2011), and Cognitive Linguistics, as developed by Lakoff (1987), Langacker (1987) and Lakoff and Johnson (2002). As regards the methodological procedures, this research is of qualitative and quantitative character: at first, we did the survey data in the texts that made up the corpus, followed by analysis of each them, especially the locução adjetiva, by considering the semantic, morphosyntactic, cognitive and pragmatic aspects. The corpus is composed of 36 texts, taken from 12 issues of the Veja magazine, published between January 2013 and March 2013. As for the results, in the case of locução adjetiva with related adjectives, this research has shown that the choice of former is due to semantic change, the use of lexicalized forms, to priming cases or to stylistic motivations. It means that the choices of one of these two forms go beyond lexical issues, since there are other motivations, such as syntactic, semantic and pragmatic ones.

O slogan empresarial como construção discursiva: uma abordagem cognitivo-funcional

In this paper, we analyze corporate slogans, understanding them as a discursive construction that is, as a pairing of form and function able to unite the notions of textual type and discursive genre. In this way, we developed a qualitative and quantitative analysis, aimed specifically to analyze the formal properties (phonetic, morphological and syntactic) and functional (semantic, pragmatic and discursive) of slogans. Furthermore, we attempted at verifying and quantifying recurring aspects involved in their construction, in order to capture configurational patterns underlying their formation. The data come from slogans collected in products and / or service stores in the metropolitan area of Natal city, Rio Grande do Norte. This research is based on the Cognitive-Functional Linguistics, that conjugates the North American functionalist tradition, represented by researchers as Talmy Givón, Paul Hopper, Joan Bybee, Elizabeth Closs-Traugott, with Cognitive Linguistics, in particular, the chain linked to Construction Grammar, as postulated by Adele Goldberg, William Croft e Jan-Olla Östman, among others. The results ratified the importance of the interface between the formal and functional aspects in the analysis of linguistic uses. These results point to the idea of the slogan as the pairing of form and function on textual / discursive level, in other words, as a discursive construction, constituting as cognitive storage of a scheme / model of textual formation with a specific discursive-pragmatic function.

Práticas e características do jornalismo alternativo e contra hegemônico de agência de informação: uma visão a partir da rotina produtiva da Adital

The strong presence of the communication and information technologies (TICs) forced the productive routine of some media vehicles to go through significant changes. The same happened to the alternative agencies segment. Having a scarce literature and sources about this subject, this study’s objective is to understand how the Information Agency Frei Tito for Latin America (Adital) develops its proposal of alternative journalism, within the cyberspace, while aiming a Christian communication. For this finality, the study will describe and explain the practices of journalistic production, identifying the subjects involved and the relations maintained between them in this productive routine. Also, it will trace who and where these content replicators are and/or their online address. At first, it was presented a theoretical discussion about the concepts of “counter-hegemony”, alternative journalism and communicative citizenship, what brings us to the studies of Gramsci (2010), Peruzzo (2011), Moraes (2013), Paiva (2008), Coutinho (2008), Mata (2006), among other authors. Next, it will be approached briefly the historical path of the information agencies around the world and in Latin America, so that the study can focus on authors like Aguiar (2009), Pasti (2013) and Moraes (2010). This piece will draught a “methodologic route” for a qualitative approach with an exploratory and descriptive character. We gave up the etnometodological methods, what allow us to analyze the etnomethods or behavioral groups of action, procedures, activities and knowledge that constitutes these groups, giving them recognition and distinction. (COULON, 1995). To achieve the defined objectives, it was also used a bibliographical and documental research techniques, in addition to subject observation and semi-structured interviews. Finally, we analyze the collected data taking into consideration three pivots: the beginning of Adital; the practices, characteristics and subjects involved in the productive routine of the agency; and who are and where are these content replicators of content produced and transmitted by Adital. We can conclude that the production routine of an alternative agency and the counter-hegemonic of information is marked by some singularities regarding to the organization of the journalistic practice and to the obstacles found on the way. Our data allows us, even if there are still some doubts, to believe that Adital is a sort of independent information agency, alternative and counter-hegemonic, ergo, more close to a proposition of communicative citizenship.