Efeito positivo da suplementação de zinco no crscimeto, GH, IGF-1 E IGFBP-3 em crianças eutróficas

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico

Análise do vetor de impedância bioelétrico na avaliação da suplementação de zinco em crianças prepuberais e sadias

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico

Valores de referência para cobre e zinco no plasma e no eritrócito em adultos universitários na cidade de Natal-RN

This study aimed builds reference values for copper and zinc, of healthy adults in Natal-RN, and to identify the influence of the gender, age, body mass index (BMI) and diet, on those values. They were assessed 123 healthy students of the Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), both genders, with age between 19 and 41 years. The project was approved by the Ethics Committee in Research of UFRN. BMI was determined and the food consume was accomplished through a 24h recordatory. Dietary was evaluated as the energy, macronutrients, copper and zinc, according to the recommendations of National Academy of Sciences (2001; 2002). Analyses of the copper and zinc concentrations in the plasma and erythrocytes were accomplished by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The casuistic came quite homogeneous as for the distribution for gender and age, being the largest number of individuals between the 19 and 24 years old. Most of the volunteers presented anthropometric nutritional state inside of the normality patterns. Chronic diseases family antecedents and sedentarysm were observed. Diet was characterized with low consumption of zinc, appropriate of copper and of lipids. Average concentrations of plasma copper (p=0,002), erythrocyte copper (μg/dL, p=0,036; μg/gHb, p=0,038), and plasma zinc (p=0,022) were different among the genders, what was demonstrated by the largest values of copper in the female gender and larger of zinc in the masculine. Plasma copper values still suffered interference of the variables: energy, carbohydrate and copper consumption, all classified in agreement with the median, besides the protein classified according to the percentage contribution for the dietary total energy. The study allowed to establish reference values for erythrocyte zinc (1.261,6-1.344,0 μg/dL e 51,0-54,3 μg/gHb) and to suggest "indicative" of reference values for plasma (108,4 130,2 μg/dL) and erythrocyte (female = 85,0 91,4 μg/dL; masculine = 80,2 86,5 μg/dL) copper and plasma zinc (female = 98,8 105,8 μg/dL; masculine = 104,6 111,6 μg/dL)

Osteopenia diabética e pós-menopausa: efeito metabólico do zinco na recuperação do volume ósseo trabecular

Diabetes mellitus has been associated with bone metabolism alterations, such as osteopenia and osteporosis. So, the search of new anabolic agents promote bone mass gain can be important to prevent osteoporosis. The aim of this study was evaluate zinc anabolic effect over bone in diabetic and post-menopausal osteopenic models. Diabetes was induced by STZ (45mg/Kg of body weight) administration and post-menopausal by bilateral ovariectomy. Adults female Wistar rats (n=65) were divided in 5 groups: control group (n=15), ovariectomized without (n=15) and with zinc supplementation (n=10) groups, diabetic and ovarioctomized without (n=15) and with zinc supplementation (n=10) groups. Studied periods had been untill 90 days. Diabetic condition was confirmed hiperglicemic state and alterations of state with polyuria, polyphagia, polydipsia and glucosuria. Histomorphometric analysis showed that zinc supplementation increased trabecular thickness and reduced trabecular distance significantly in diabetic groups with similar values to those showed in control group. Correlation analysis of histomorphometric parameters with serum glucose concentration showed that more time in hyperglycemia more bone damage, as well as, zinc supplementation contributed to prevent this damage. Elevated serum glucose caused hyperzincuria, phosphaturia and calciuria. Zinc supplementation promoted increased levels of calcium and phosphorous ions in 90th days diabetic group. No alteration was observed by ovariectomy in mineral (Ca, P and Zn) serum and urine concentrations. Total serum Alkaline Phosphatase activity increased in diabetic groups, supplemented or not, compared with control group. However, Tartarate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase, magnesium and serum zinc did not altered in studied groups. Serum albumin was reduced only in diabetic groups. Serum creatinine was unaltered. These results support the hypotesis that zinc can be used to prevent and treat diabetic and post-menopausal osteopenia

Avaliação do status de zinco e da expressão gênica de metalotioneínas em pacientes com aterosclerose tratados com rosuvastatina

The study had as objective to evaluate the zinc status by means of dietary intake, zinc in plasma and in erythrocytes and the metallothionein gene expression in patients with atherosclerosis in use of rosuvastatin. The research involved 27 adult and elderly patients of both genders with atherosclerosis that were treated with rosuvastatin (10mg/day) during 4 months. We performed the dosage of lipids, glucose, AST and ALT, ultrasensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP), plasmatic and erythrocyte zinc and 1 and 2 metallothionein gene expression. The assessment of body mass index (BMI) and abdominal circumference (AC) was performed, besides the analysis of dietary intake of patients. The majority of the evaluated patients presented overweight, before and after the treatment, with no significant difference between the times of the study. It was identified that the AC was significantly reduced in the group (p<0.05) after the intervention. The majority of the patients had intake below the recommendation of calories and fibers and above recommendation of proteins. The mono and polyunsaturated fats were adequate for the majority of the patients, however, the saturated fat and cholesterol were consumed in excess by a great part of the individuals. The intake of zinc was inadequate, being noticed an inadequacy of 100% in the male gender and of 84% in the female. After the treatment with rosuvastatin there was a significant reduction in the total cholesterol (TC) and LDL-c (p<0.01) and no alterations were observed in the HDL-c and triacylglycerols. It was also verified that the reduction of glycemia (p<0.05) and of hsCRP (p<0.01). The analysis did not demonstrate significant differences in the plasmatic and erythrocyte zinc concentration after the treatment. There was, after the treatment, reduction of the MT1F gene (p<0.05) without, however, occurring significant alterations in the MT2A gene. The treatment with rosuvastatin was effective in the reduction of TC and LDL-c, and promoted the reduction of inflammatory marker hsCRP. The zinc in the plasma and erythrocyte was not altered by the use of the medication and there was a reduction in the MT1F gene, possibly due to the reduction of inflammation. The majority of patients presented inadequate intake of zinc and this inadequacy did not have relation with the mineral parameters in plasma and erythrocytes or with the metallothionein gene expression

Da literatura e da sociedade na obra Os corumbas, de Amando Fontes

This is a study of the book Os Corumbas, by Amando Fontes, published in 1933, that deals with the beginning of industrialization in the industrial city, as well as the impacts suffered by the poorest. We realized that there is a series of meanings and symbolic elements in the composition of characters, passages and happenings, objects and spaces that permeate the literary speech of Amando Fontes. Our objective, through this analysis, was to reach a better understanding of the relationship between Literature and Sociology, some passages of the text and the author s intention, as well as to problematize the imaginative meanings of the story. The narrative used by Fontes clearly shows us the utilization of the literary production for the understanding of sociological aspects in the initial moments of industrialization as well as people s adaptation to this new reality

Otimizações da transmissão de imagens em redes de sensores visuais sem fio explorando a relevância de monitoramento dos nós fontes e codificação DWT

The development of wireless sensor networks for control and monitoring functions has created a vibrant investigation scenario, covering since communication aspects to issues related with energy efficiency. When source sensors are endowed with cameras for visual monitoring, a new scope of challenges is raised, as transmission and monitoring requirements are considerably changed. Particularly, visual sensors collect data following a directional sensing model, altering the meaning of concepts as vicinity and redundancy but allowing the differentiation of source nodes by their sensing relevancies for the application. In such context, we propose the combined use of two differentiation strategies as a novel QoS parameter, exploring the sensing relevancies of source nodes and DWT image coding. This innovative approach supports a new scope of optimizations to improve the performance of visual sensor networks at the cost of a small reduction on the overall monitoring quality of the application. Besides definition of a new concept of relevance and the proposition of mechanisms to support its practical exploitation, we propose five different optimizations in the way images are transmitted in wireless visual sensor networks, aiming at energy saving, transmission with low delay and error recovery. Putting all these together, the proposed innovative differentiation strategies and the related optimizations open a relevant research trend, where the application monitoring requirements are used to guide a more efficient operation of sensor networks

Calibração cega de receptores cinco-portas baseada em separação cega de fontes

The exponential growth in the applications of radio frequency (RF) is accompanied by great challenges as more efficient use of spectrum as in the design of new architectures for multi-standard receivers or software defined radio (SDR) . The key challenge in designing architecture of the software defined radio is the implementation of a wide-band receiver, reconfigurable, low cost, low power consumption, higher level of integration and flexibility. As a new solution of SDR design, a direct demodulator architecture, based on fiveport technology, or multi-port demodulator, has been proposed. However, the use of the five-port as a direct-conversion receiver requires an I/Q calibration (or regeneration) procedure in order to generate the in-phase (I) and quadrature (Q) components of the transmitted baseband signal. In this work, we propose to evaluate the performance of a blind calibration technique without additional knowledge about training or pilot sequences of the transmitted signal based on independent component analysis for the regeneration of I/Q five-port downconversion, by exploiting the information on the statistical properties of the three output signals

Separação cega de fontes lineares e não lineares usando algoritmo genético, redes neurais artificiais RBF e negentropia de Rényi como medida de independência

Conventional methods to solve the problem of blind source separation nonlinear, in general, using series of restrictions to obtain the solution, often leading to an imperfect separation of the original sources and high computational cost. In this paper, we propose an alternative measure of independence based on information theory and uses the tools of artificial intelligence to solve problems of blind source separation linear and nonlinear later. In the linear model applies genetic algorithms and Rényi of negentropy as a measure of independence to find a separation matrix from linear mixtures of signals using linear form of waves, audio and images. A comparison with two types of algorithms for Independent Component Analysis widespread in the literature. Subsequently, we use the same measure of independence, as the cost function in the genetic algorithm to recover source signals were mixed by nonlinear functions from an artificial neural network of radial base type. Genetic algorithms are powerful tools for global search, and therefore well suited for use in problems of blind source separation. Tests and analysis are through computer simulations

Estudo tribológico de biolubrificantes com adição de nanopartículas de óxidos (zinco e cobre)

Currently, vegetable oils have been studied for bio-lubricants base that fits the new environmental standards. Since, in a world full of finite natural resources, mineral oils bring consequences to the environment due to its low biodegradability and toxicity, also it is important to consider that synthetic oils have a high cost The aim of this work is to obtain a biolubricant additived with oxide nanoparticles (ZnO and CuO) for better resistance to friction and wear, which is not toxic to the environment and have better adherence under boundary lubrication. The methodology consisted in the synthesis of bio-lubricants (soybean and sunflower base) by epoxidation reaction. Then, some physical-chemical analysis in bio-lubricants are made to characterize theses lubricants, such as, density, acidity, iodine value, viscosity, viscosity index. Later, the lubricants were additive with nanoparticles. The tribological performance was evaluated by the equipment HFRR (High Frequency Reciprocating Rig) consisting of a wear test ball-plan type. The characterization of wear analysis was performed by SEM / EDS. The results show that bio-lubricants may be synthesized by reaction of epoxidation with good conversion. Tribological point of view, the epoxidized oils are more effective than lubricant additived with the oxide nanoparticles, they had lower coefficients of friction and better rate of film formation in the study. However, because they are environmentally friendly, bio-lubricants gain the relevant importance in tribological field

Síntese e caracterização de aluminofosfato impregnado com molibdênio/zinco visando a dessulfurização por adsorção

Discussions about pollution caused by vehicles emission are old and have been developed along the years. The search for cleaner technologies and frequent weather alterations have been inducing industries and government organizations to impose limits much more rigorous to the contaminant content in fuels, which have an direct impact in atmospheric emissions. Nowadays, the quality of fuels, in relation to the sulfur content, is carried out through the process of hydrodesulfurization. Adsorption processes also represent an interesting alternative route to the removal of sulfur content. Both processes are simpler and operate to atmospheric temperatures and pressures. This work studies the synthesis and characterization of aluminophosphate impregnate with zinc, molybdenum or both, and its application in the sulfur removal from the gasoline through the adsorption process, using a pattern gasoline containing isooctane and thiophene. The adsorbents were characterized by x-ray diffraction, differential thermal analysis (DTG), x-ray fluorescence and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The specific area, volume and pore diameter were determined by BET (Brunauer- Emmet-Teller) and the t-plot method. The sulfur was quantified by elementary analysis using ANTEK 9000 NS. The adsorption process was evaluated as function of the temperature variation and initial sulfur content through the adsorption isotherm and its thermodynamic parameters. The parameters of entropy (ΔS), enthalpy variation (ΔH) and free Gibbs energy (ΔG) were calculated through the graph ln(Kd) versus 1/T. Langmuir, Freundlich and Langmuir-Freundlich models were adjusted to the experimental data, and the last one had presented better results. The thermodynamic tests were accomplished in different temperatures, such as 30, 40 and 50ºC, where it was concluded the adsorption process is spontaneous and exothermic. The kinetic of adsorption was studied by 24 h and it showed that the capability adsorption to the adsorbents studied respect the following order: MoZnPO > MoPO > ZnPO > AlPO. The maximum adsorption capacity was 4.91 mg/g for MoZnPO with an adsorption efficiency of 49%.

Caracterização espacial de reservatórios do semiárido em função da qualidade da água através do uso de componentes principais

A região semiárida sofre escassez hídrica. A fim de regularizar a disponibilidade hídrica nos períodos de estiagem, são construídas barragens. No entanto, a qualidade da água armazenada tem sofrido os efeitos do descarte irregular de resíduos no meio ambiente e das atividades antrópicas exercidas nas bacias hidrográficas. A degradação hídrica pode ser constatada a partir do monitoramento dos parâmetros de qualidade da água. Estes dados podem ser analisados através de métodos estatísticos tais como a Análise de Componentes Principais e a análise de agrupamento, que seleciona indivíduos com características semelhantes. O objetivo deste trabalho é realizar oagrupamento dos reservatórios do Rio Grande do Norte, com base nos parâmetros de qualidade da água, para a identificação de grupos homogêneos de reservatórios em termos de fontes de poluição. Serão objeto desse estudo as bacias Piranhas-Açu, Apodi-Mossoró, Trairí, Potengi e Ceará-Mirim. Os parâmetros mercúrio, chumbo, cromo, fósforo total, nitrogênio total e zinco contribuíram para a formação da primeira componente principal, que pode indicar poluição por metais pesados; sólidos totais, DBO, OD e cobre, para a segunda componente, que pode ser indicativo de poluição por matéria orgânica e atividades antrópicas; e clorofila a , cádmio e níquel, para a terceira componente, que pode indicar eutrofização e poluição por metais pesados. De posse das componentes principais se procedeu o agrupamento dos reservatórios, formando-se quatro grupos distintos. Os grupos 1 e 2 são constituídos por reservatórios da Bacia Piranhas-Açu, que apresentou maiores valores de metais pesados. O grupo 3, constituído por reservatórios das bacias Ceará-Mirim, Potengi e Trairí, apresentou maiores valores de DBO e sólidostotais e o grupo 4 é formado por reservatórios da Bacia Apodi-Mossoró. Nas Bacias do Trarí e Piranhas-Açu deve ser coibido o lançamento desordenado de efluentes e fontes de poluição difusas, e implantado um sistema de coleta de esgoto para minimizar a poluição por matéria orgânica

A leitura de fontes antigas como possibilidade didatica: um exemplo a partir do Almagesto de Ptolomeu

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

Fontes primárias da história do vácuo e da pressão atmosférica na sala de aula: cartas e jornais históricos em articulação com o livro-texto do ensino médio

The use of the History and the Philosophy of Science (HPS) for the teaching of science and scientific subjects has been advocated in recent decades. It has been pointed out that the History of Science could make for a deeper learning of scientific concepts, since it would promote a contact with the problems which that knowledge has set out to solve. Furthermore, historical episodes would serve to put the discussions about the nature of scientific knowledge into context. With a view to explore those potentialities, the literature in the field has sought to identify the challenges and obstacles for the didactic transposition of subjects from the History of Science. Amongst many aspects, the deficiencies in the training of teachers, so that they can work with the insertion of HPS in the classroom have been highlighted. Another aspect that has been mentioned to be a challenge has to do with the didactic transposition of the Primary Sources, that is, of the original texts on the History of Science. The Primary Sources have significant potentialities: making a connection possible between scientists and concepts, showing the difficulties faced during scientific endeavors, perceiving the role of mistakes as obstacles to be surpassed, not as defeat, etc. On the other hand, there has been little exploration of these concepts in an educational context, due to their own peculiarities. The original texts are often hard to understand and their interpretation demands knowledge of the historical and scientific context in which they were written, as well as skills pertaining to the conduction of research in the field of the History of Science. With this scenario in mind, the research towards this Professional MSc degree starts from the challenge of elaborating and discussing proposals which could enable the didactical transposition of the Primary Sources. We have worked specifically with Primary Sources on the History of the Vacuum and of the Atmospheric Pressure, because of the insertion of these subjects in the Brazilian High School curriculum, in connection with the didactical textbooks. "Historic Journals" were made up from clippings of the original historical texts, as was a Didactical Unit, which takes the usual textbooks as a basis and contemplates using the Journals and the entire Primary Sources in High School. At last, we have elaborated and implemented a course designed for the preparation of teachers and for being an opportunity for the discussion of the feasibility of putting these kinds of proposal into practice

Modelos analíticos para rádio fontes extragalácticas

The great majority of analytical models for extragalactic radio sources suppose self-similarity and can be classified into three types: I, II and III. We have developed a model that represents a generalization of most models found in the literature and showed that these three types are particular cases. The model assumes that the area of the head of the jet varies with the jet size according to a power law and the jet luminosity is a function of time. As it is usually done, the basic hypothesis is that there is an equilibrium between the pressure exerted both by the head of the jet and the cocoon walls and the ram pressure of the ambient medium. The equilibrium equations and energy conservation equation allow us to express the size and width of the source and the pressure in the cocoon as a power law and find the respective exponents. All these assumptions can be used to calculate the evolution of the source size, width and radio luminosity. This can then be compared with the observed width-size relation for radio lobes and the power-size (P-D) diagram of both compact (GPS and CSS) and extended sources from the 3CR catalogue. In this work we introduce two important improvement as compared with a previous work: (1)We have put together a larger sample of both compact and extended radio sources