Dinâmica de reprodução e comportamento reprodutivo de branchoneta Dendrocephalus brasiliensis Pesata, 1921 como incremento na produção de alimento vivo para peixes ornamentais

Reproductive behavior of Dendrocephalus brasiliensis Pesta, 1921(Crustacean: Anostracan). The reproductive behavior of fresh water Anostracan has been poorly investigated in carcinology specialized literature, specifically in relation to Dendrocephlaus brasiliensis Pesta, 1921, with abundant data just about the geographical distribution of that Anostracan. The objective of this work was to know the reproductive behavior of this Anostracan, in different seasons (dry and raine). For this, ripe individuals of both sexes were collected in four pond of the of Fish farming Station of Paulo Afonso (EPPA), through monthly captures in each ponds, from December 2004 to November 2005. The type of reproduction was observed after the placing in aquariums (a) of then with males and (b) other on individually, at the nauplii phase, where they stayed for 15 days until the reproductive age. The sexual proportion was calculated through the relative frequencies of males and females, every month, for the whole collection period during 10 days. the production of cysts was related to the size of the female. The male: female ratio in the study period was 1 male:1,07 female. The proportion male:female was from 48,25% : 51,75% along the year. Concerning the type of reproduction, it was observed that this specie is characteerized by sexual reproduction

Alterações cognitivas em ratos infectados com Toxoplasma gondii

Toxoplasma gondii is a protozoan parasite that induces behavioral changes in rodents. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of infection by T. gondii during the chronic phase in working memory and impulsivity in rodents as well as the effect of antipsychotics to reverse any behavioral changes resulting from infection. Female Wistar rats (n = 40) were infected with 25 cysts of the strain ME-49 T. gondii after 4 months the animals were subjected to behavioral tests: tolerance to delay gratification, in which the animal must choose between two rewards, a smaller and more immediate, but delayed and the test of spontaneous alternation, in which the animal must use spatial cues to remember previously visited arms. Antipsychotic drugs were intraperitoneally administered during the testing of the behavioral experiments, the antipsychotic is haloperidol (1.5 mg / kg) administered 60 min before the start of the session and the antipsychotic clozapine (2.5 mg / kg) 30 min before. Animals infected with the parasite did not show operating deficits of memory, and motor impairment did not develop, however motor impairment was observed only in animals treated with haloperidol. It was found that administration of clozapine and haloperidol increased the percentage of alternation in infected and control groups in task switching espontânea.Não no distinction between control animals and infected the test of tolerance to delay gratification in relation to the percentage of choices greatest reward, during the pre-training and training, in which there is a delay of 15 s to access the great reward, however it was observed that infected animals prefer the greatest reward, when there is a delay of 30 s when compared to control group. The administration of clozapine possible that infected animals chose the greatest reward in the delay of 30 seconds during the test. These data suggest that infected mice do not exhibit deficits in working memory and that clozapine has therapeutic efficacy in improving cognitive performance of mice infected

Participação do circuito dopaminérgico nas alterações do comportamento de medo inato de camundongos infectados pelo Toxoplasma gondii

The protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii transforms the innate aversion of rats for cat urine into a fatal attraction, that increases the likelihood of the parasite completing its life cycle in the cat s intestine. The neural circuits implicated in innate fear, anxiety, and learned fear all overlap considerably, raising the possibility, that T. gondii may disrupt all of these nonspecifically. In this study, we evaluated immunoreactivity for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in areas associated with innate fear of infected male swiss mice. The latent Toxoplasma infection converted the aversion of mice to feline odors into attraction. This loss of fear is remarkably specific, as demonstrated by Vyas et al (2007), because infection did not diminish learned fear, anxiety-like behavior, olfaction, or nonaversive learning. However, the neurochemical mechanism related to alterations in innate fear due to T. gondii infection remains poorly studied. 20 mice were inoculated with bradyzoites (25 cysts) from a Toxoplasma gondii (Me-49 strain). The brains were removed after 60 days, sectioned and processed for TH immunohistochemistry. The correlation between the amount of cysts per area and the densitometric analysis of neurotransmitter reactivity was low in the areas implicated in innate fear of infected animals, when comparated with noninfected controls

Expressão de MMPs, marcadores angiogênicos e proliferação celular em tumores odontogênicos

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: The study of biological behavior of odontogenic lesions is essential to the establishment of appropriate therapeutic approach and prognosis. The production of extracellular matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), angiogenesis and cell proliferation contribute to tumor growth. This paper aims to review the literature on odontogenic tumors (OT) selected according to the new World Health Organization classification (WHO- 2005) by evaluating the expression of MMPs, angiogenic and cell proliferation. Furthermore, it aims to verify the relation between these markers and the biological behavior of these lesions. RESULTS: it was found that MMPs -1, -2, -7, -9 and -26 had a higher expression in both epithelial component and stroma, and 13 particularly in the stroma. Increased angiogenesis was observed in more aggressive OT. CD105 expression was higher in keratocystic odontogenic tumour (KOT) and CD34 in solid ameloblastomas (SA). It was observed a higher expression of Ki-67 and p53 in SA and KOT and a low cell proliferation rate in the adenomatoid odontogenic tumour (AOT). CONCLUSION: These results show that MMPs are involved in invasion and recurrence of some odontogenic lesions and are associated with the biological behavior of these tumors. Angiogenesis is critical to provide support to cell proliferation and these concomitant events are correlated with different levels of biological behavior in OT when compared to odontogenic cysts, hence the use of angiogenic inhibitors may be a potential therapeutic approach in these lesions.

Expressão de MMPs, marcadores angiogênicos e proliferação celular em tumores odontogênicos

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: The study of biological behavior of odontogenic lesions is essential to the establishment of appropriate therapeutic approach and prognosis. The production of extracellular matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), angiogenesis and cell proliferation contribute to tumor growth. This paper aims to review the literature on odontogenic tumors (OT) selected according to the new World Health Organization classification (WHO- 2005) by evaluating the expression of MMPs, angiogenic and cell proliferation. Furthermore, it aims to verify the relation between these markers and the biological behavior of these lesions. RESULTS: it was found that MMPs -1, -2, -7, -9 and -26 had a higher expression in both epithelial component and stroma, and 13 particularly in the stroma. Increased angiogenesis was observed in more aggressive OT. CD105 expression was higher in keratocystic odontogenic tumour (KOT) and CD34 in solid ameloblastomas (SA). It was observed a higher expression of Ki-67 and p53 in SA and KOT and a low cell proliferation rate in the adenomatoid odontogenic tumour (AOT). CONCLUSION: These results show that MMPs are involved in invasion and recurrence of some odontogenic lesions and are associated with the biological behavior of these tumors. Angiogenesis is critical to provide support to cell proliferation and these concomitant events are correlated with different levels of biological behavior in OT when compared to odontogenic cysts, hence the use of angiogenic inhibitors may be a potential therapeutic approach in these lesions.