47 resultados para Resistência à insulina Teses
Resumo:
A pesquisa aborda o uso das Tecnologias de Informao e Comunicao, que vem revolucionando as atividades e ocasionando muitas mudanas relacionadas ao acesso e uso de informaes. O objetivo foi analisar o grau de utilizao do conhecimento cientfico produzido pelos Programas de Ps-Graduao das Universidades Pblicas Brasileiras, atravs da BDTD, pelos mestrandos dos referidos programas. Nos procedimentos metodolgicos realizados, procurou-se inicialmente analisar o amplo espectro da populao do corpus da pesquisa. Em razo da impossibilidade de trabalhar com os Programas de Ps-Graduao como um todo, optou-se por fazer um recorte, elegendo os cursos de Ps-Graduao em Cincia da Informao, vez que estes representam o principal segmento social de interesse da pesquisa. Foi utilizado o mtodo de estudo de usurios, onde se optou por adotar o grupo, estudos orientados aos usurios, que identifica as necessidades e comportamento de acesso e uso da informao. Para coletar os dados, elaborou-se um questionrio semi-estruturado com 25 questes, que versavam sobre o uso, dificuldades de acesso e recuperao da informao, bem como a satisfao na utilizao dessa fonte informacional. Dentre os vrios resultados obtidos, podemos destacar o fato de que a maioria dos mestrandos (71,8%) s teve contato com a BDTD somente no momento em que se encontrava cursando o mestrado e, somente 24,3%, tiveram contato durante a graduao. Estes resultados representam um problema, que pode afetar o bom desempenho do projeto BDTD, o qual consiste em disseminar e divulgar a produo cientfica dos Programas de Ps-Graduao das Universidades Pblicas Brasileiras para a sua comunidade. Foi observado tambm, que os mestrandos oriundos do curso de Biblioteconomia tende a ter contato com a BDTD bem mais cedo do que mestrandos de outros cursos de graduao. A fim de minimizar o problema detectado, prope-se uma divulgao mais eficaz na graduao atravs de dois procedimentos: Primeiro, o docente deve fazer uma divulgao mais eficaz da BDTD junto aos discentes de todos os cursos de graduao; segundo: dever ser feita a divulgao na mdia eletrnica, atravs da insero de cones da BDTD, nos portais dos Departamentos dos Cursos de Graduao das Universidades Pblicas Brasileiras. Acredita-se que com estes procedimentos seja possvel aperfeioar o uso dessa fonte de informao cientfica.
Bibliotecas digitais de teses e dissertaes brasileiras: paradigma do acesso livre informao cientfica
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A evoluo da comunicao cientfica ao longo do tempo e o impacto causado pela A evoluo da comunicao cientfica ao longo do tempo e o impacto causado pela A evoluo da comunicao cientfica ao longo do tempo e o impacto causado pela se analisar as contribuies da Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertaes (BDTD)para a comunicao cientfica atual, destacando possibilidades emergentes e desafios a serem superados. Apresenta uma breve evoluo da comunicao cientfica ao longo do tempo; discute os impactos causados pela Internet na comunicao, disponibilizao e acessibilidade de informaes tcnico-cientficas; e caracteriza BDTD destacando os desafios a serem superados. Dentre eles esto, a questo dos direitos autorais que ocasionam a baixa adeso dos autores ao projeto piloto do IBICT para disponibilizar teses e dissertaes no meio eletrnico. Para este desafio, so apontadas sugestes.
Resumo:
As bibliotecas de teses e dissertaes tm um papel fundamental para o desenvolvimento cientfico e cultural de um pas. Nesse sentido, buscou-se, de modo geral, analisar o panorama brasileiro das bibliotecas digitais de teses e dissertaes. Especificamente, objetivou-se caracterizar a sociedade da informao enquanto contexto das BDTD; caracterizar os vrios tipos de bibliotecas surgidos a partir da insero das novas tecnologias de informao e comunicao; identificar as diretrizes norteadoras da implantao de BDTD; e levantar as BDTD existentes no Brasil. Para tato, alm de levantamento bibliogrfico, realizou-se uma pesquisa nos sites de instituies de ensino superior brasileiras que j dispe de bibliotecas digitais de teses e dissertaes em funcionamento. A anlise e interpretao destes dados nos permite considerar que no Brasil as BDTD encontram-se num estgio embrionrio, sendo relevante pesquisar a histrica implantao e configurao desse novo modelo de biblioteca.
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Several problems related to the loss of hydraulic seal in oilwells, causing gas migration and/or contamination of the production zone by water, have been reported. The loss of the hydraulic seal is a consequence of cracks which can be occasioned either by the invasion of gas during the wait on cement or by the expansion of the casing causing the fracture of the cement sheath. In case of the pressure of the formation is higher than the pressure in the annulus, gas can migrate into the slurry and form microannulus, which are channels where gas migrates after the cement is set. Cracks can be also occasioned by the fracture of the cement sheath when it does not withstand the thermal and dynamic loads. In reservoirs where the oil is heavy, steam water injection operation is required in order to get the oil flowing. This operation increases the temperature of the casing, and then it expands and causes the fracture of the cement sheath in the annulus. When the failures on the cement are detected, remedial cementing is required, which raise costs caused by the interventions. Once the use of cement in the construction civil sector is older than its use in the petroleum sector, it is common to bring technologies and solutions from the civil construction and apply them on the petroleum area. In this context, vermiculite, a mineral-clay widely encountered in Brazil, has been used, on its exfoliated form, in the civil construction, especially on the manufacture of lights and fireproof concretes with excellent thermal and acoustical properties. It has already been reported in scientific journals, studies of the addition of exfoliated vermiculite in Portland cements revealing good properties related to oilwell cementing operations. Thus, this study aimed to study the rheological behavior, thickening time, stability and compressive strength of the slurries made of Portland cement and exfoliated vermiculite in 5 different compositions, at room temperature and heated. The results showed that the compressive strength decreased with the addition of exfoliated vermiculite, however the values are still allowed for oiwell cementing operations. The thickening time of the slurry with no exfoliated vermiculite was 120 min and the thickening time of the slurry with 12 % of exfoliated vermiculite was 98 min. The stability and the rheological behavior of the slurries revealed that the exfoliated vermiculite absorbed water and therefore increased the viscosity of the slurries, even though increasing the factor cement-water. The stability experiment carried out at 133 F showed that, there was neither sedimentation nor reduction of the volume of the cement for the slurry with 12 % of exfoliated vermiculite. Thus, the addition of exfoliated vermiculite accelerates the set time of the cement and gives it a small shrinkage during the wait on cement, which are important to prevent gas migration
Resumo:
Steam injection is the most used thermal recovery method of oil nowadays because of the high degree of development of the technique that allows high recovery factors. However, injection of superheated steam into the reservoir affects the entire structure of the well, including the cemented layer that presents a retrogression of compressive strength and increases the permeability due to formation of more crystalline and denser phases at temperatures above 110 C. These changes result in failures in the cement that favor the entrance of formation fluids into the annulus space resulting in unsafe operations and restrictions in the economic life of the well. But the strength retrogression can be prevented by partial replacement of cement by silica-based materials that reduce the CaO/SiO2 ratio of cement slurries changing the trajectory of the reactions, converting those deleterious phases in phases with satisfactory mechanical strength and permeability. The aim of this study was to evaluate the behavior of a ceramic waste material rich in silica in partial and total substitution of a mineral additive used to fight the strength retrogression of cement slurries subjected to high temperatures. The evaluation was made by compression, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetry (TG/DTG). The samples were submitted to a cycle of low temperature (38 C) for 28 days and a cycle of low temperature followed by exposure to 280 C and 1000 psi by 3 days. The results showed that slurries with additions of up to 30% of the waste material are not enough to prevent the strength retrogression, while slurries with additions of the waste material combined with silica flour in various proportions produced hydrated products of low Ca/Si ratios that maintained the compressive strength at satisfactory levels
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With the increasing of demand for natural gas and the consequent growth of the pipeline networks, besides the importance of transport and transfer of oil products by pipeline, and when it comes to product quality and integrity of the pipeline there is an important role regarding to the monitoring internal corrosion of the pipe. This study aims to assess corrosion in three pipeline that operate with different products, using gravimetric techniques and electrical resistance. Chemical analysis of residues originated in the pipeline helps to identify the mechanism corrosive process. The internal monitoring of the corrosion in the pipelines was carried out between 2009 and 2010 using coupon weight loss and electrical resistance probe. Physico-chemical techniques of diffraction and fluorescence X-rays were used to characterize the products of corrosion of the pipelines. The corrosion rate by weight loss was analyzed for every pipeline, only those ones that has revealed corrosive attack were analyzed located corrosion rate. The corrosion potential was classified as low to pipeline gas and ranged from low to severe for oil pipelines and the pipeline derivatives. Corrosion products were identified as iron carbonate, iron oxide and iron sulfide
Resumo:
The preparation of cement slurries for offshore well cementing involves mixing all solid components to be added to the mixing water on the platform. The aim of this work was to study the formulation of pre-prepared dry mixtures, or grouts, for offshore oilwell cementing. The addition of mineral fillers in the strength of lightweight grouts applied for depths down to 400 m under water depths of 500 m was investigated. Lightweight materials and fine aggregates were selected. For the choice of starting materials, a study of the pozzolanic activity of low-cost fillers such as porcelain tile residue, microsilica and diatomaceous earth was carried out by X-ray diffraction and mechanical strength tests. Hardened grouts containing porcelain tile residue and microsilica depicted high strength at early ages. Based on such preliminary investigation, a study of the mechanical strength of grouts with density 1.74 g/cm3 (14.5 lb/gal) cured initially at 27 C was performed using cement, microsilica, porcelain tile residue and an anti-foaming agent. The results showed that the mixture containing 7% of porcelain tile residue and 7% of microsilica was the one with the highest compressive strength after curing for 24 hours. This composition was chosen to be studied and adapted for offshore conditions based on testes performed at 4 C. The grout containing cement, 7% of porcelain tile residue, 7% of active silica and admixtures (CaCl2), anti-foaming and dispersant resulted satisfactory rheology and mechanical strength after curing for 24 hours of curing
Resumo:
A Sndrome de Berardinelli-Seip ou Lipodistrofia Generalizada Congnita (LGC) uma doena rara, com transmisso autossmica recessiva, caracterizada principalmente pela ausncia quase total de tecido adiposo. Os pacientes afetados apresentam resistência a insulina, dislipidemia e hipertenso arterial. Estudos tm evidenciado que estas alteraes metablicas interferem na modulao autonmica para o n sinusal. O principal objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a modulao autonmica em pacientes portadores de LGC, atravs da variabilidade de freqncia cardaca (VFC), pelo mtodo linear de domnio de tempo na Eletrocardiografia Dinmica de 24 horas e estabelecer um critrio relativamente simples, no invasivo, para diagnstico de disfuno autonmica nestes pacientes. Participou voluntariamente deste estudo transversal, um grupo de pacientes portadores de LGC (n=18) na faixa etria de 9,3 a 39,8 anos (21,3 8,3) cuja variabilidade de freqncia cardaca foi comparada com um grupo de pacientes controles (n=19) com idade de 9,3 a 39,1 anos (21,4 7,8). Todos os voluntrios foram submetidos avaliao clnica, laboratorial, antropomtrica e anlise de VFC no domnio de tempo atravs de eletrocardiografia dinmica de 24 horas. Para anlise dos dados relativos aos ndices temporais de VFC foram utilizados o MeanRR, SSDN e rMSSD. Pacientes com LGC apresentavam aumento da presso arterial comparados com indivduos do grupo controle (sistlica, 131,1 vs 106,3 mmHg, p<0,05); diastlica, 85,0 vs 68,2 mmHg, p<0,05) e 10 tinham critrios para diagnstico de Hipertenso Arterial e Hipertrofia do Ventrculo Esquerdo. Os nveis de glicose, triglicerdeos, colesterol e HOMA-R eram elevados e 12 pacientes tinham critrios para diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Comparado com os controles, pacientes com LGC tinham diminuio dos ndices MeanRR (639,8 vs 780,5 ms, p<0,001), SDNN (79,2 vs 168,5 ms, p<0,001), e rMSSD (15,8 vs 59,6 ms, p<0,001). Em pacientes com LGC, a reduo da VFC foi independente de distrbios metablicos e hemodinmicos. Os resultados de nosso experimento indicam que pacientes com LGC apresentavam modulao autonmica anormal caracterizada pelo aumento da freqncia cardaca e pronunciada reduo da VFC, independente de distrbios metablicos e hemodinmicos observados nesta sndrome. O carter multidisciplinar desse estudo fica contemplado pela interao de profissionais de diversas reas como: cardiologia, endocrinologia, metabolismo, neurologia, nutrio, etc
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Changes introduced by cardiopulmonar and neuromuscular training on basal serum insulin-like grow factor-1 (IGF-1) and cortisol levels, functional autonomy and quality of life in elderly women The aim of this study was to compare the effects of strength and aerobic training on basal serum IGF-1 and Cortisol levels, functional autonomy (FA) and quality of life (QoL) in elderly women after 12 weeks of training. The subjects were submitted the strength training (75-85% 1-RM) with weight exercises (SG; n=12; age=66.08 3,37 years; BMI=26,77 3,72 kg/m2), aerobic training with aquatic exercises (AG; n=13; age=68,69 4,70 years; BMI=29,19 2,96 kg/m2) and control group (CG; n=10; age=68,80 5,41 years; BMI=29,70 2,82 kg/m2). Fasting blood was analyzed to measure basal IGF-1 and cortisol levels by chemiluminescence method. The t-Student test showed increased IGF-1 in the SG (p<0.05) for intragroup comparison. The Repeated-measure ANOVA presented increased IGF-1 (p<0.05) in the SG compared to the other two groups. There were no differences in cortisol levels. All the FA tests (GDLAM autonomy protocol) presented decreased significant in the time marked in seconds to the SG. The same results were found in the AG, except in the rise from a sitting position test. The autonomy index presented significant improvements (p<0.05) in the SG related to the AG and CG and in the AG to the CG. The SG showed increased QoL (p<0.05) (by WHOQOL-Old questionnaire) in the facet 1 (sensorial functioning) and facet 5 (death and dying). Thus, the SG obtained positive changes on IGF-1 and FA levels when compared to the AG. This suggests that strength training can indicated to decrease the effects of ageing.
Resumo:
High carotid artery resistance indices in the elderly arise mainly as a result of harmful daily lifestyle behavior and poor eating habits. The aim of this multidisciplinary study was to assess and correlate carotid artery resistance and functional autonomy in elderly women. A descriptive, exploratory cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample comprising 27 women, enrolled in pastoral programs in the city of Teresina, Brazil. Carotid artery resistance was assessed by a high-resolution Doppler ultrasound device and functional autonomy was evaluated through five protocol tests of the Latin American Development Group for the Elderly (GDLAM), simulating activities of daily life. The data were analyzed by the Shapiro-Wilk test and the correlation by Spearman s test, considering a p-value of <0.05. The sample consisted of women with mean age and standard deviation of (68.67 4.52) years, respectively and carotid resistance index of (0.71 0.07). The general index value of functional autonomy classified the elderly of the study group as weak in the performance of activities of daily living (30.46 6.31). The general index of functional autonomy showed a high level of sedentary behavior in the group studied (p < 0.01). The sample was classified as weak in the performance of activities of daily life. The correlation coefficient between the carotid resistance index and the general GDLAM index was r = 0.998 and p = 0.000, showing a significant correlation. The elderly women assessed had a high carotid artery resistance index and low functional autonomy; a positive correlation was found between the dependent variables studied. To perform this study we formed a team composed of a nurse, who helped in organizing the sample and performing the examinations; a radiologist, who conducted the Doppler examinations; an angiologist, who collaborated in interpreting examination data; in addition to two physical education professors and two physical therapists, who applied the functional autonomy tests and conducted the 34 research along elderly health lines, contributing thus to the multidisciplinary character, fundamental for carrying out the study
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientfico e Tecnolgico
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Cinquenta amostras de camaro fresco e refrigerado (Litopenaeus vannamei) foram coletadas em diferentes pontos de comercializao na cidade de Natal RN. As amostras foram maceradas em um gral estril e 25 gramas semeadas em 225mL de APA contendo 1% de NaCl e 25g em 225mL de CL incubadas a 35C - 24 horas. O crescimento em APA foi semeado em placas de gar TCBS, incubadas a 35C-24h para isolamento de Vibrio e Aeromonas. O crescimento do CL foi semeado em Agar EAM, para isolamento de coliformes. Dos 102 isolados, 91 (89,2%) pertenciam ao gnero Vibrio e 11 (10,8%) ao gnero Aeromonas, com predominncia de V. cholerae no O1/no O139, V. alginolyticus, V. carchariae e V. parahaemolyticus K- e A. veronii biogrupo sobria , A. jandaei, A. schubertii, A. veronii biogrupo veronii e A. hydrophila. A menor eficincia entre os antimicrobianos foi da AMP (57,8% de resistência) seguida da AMK (29,4%) e TCY (21,6%). As 39 cepas de Vibrio e Aeromonas multirresistentes se distriburam em 10 perfis distintos, sendo que um revelou cinco marcos (AMP, CHL, NIT, SXT e TCY) em um isolado de V. carchariae de camaro, adquirido em supermercados. O ndice MAR, nas 39 cepas variou de 0,28 a 0,42, sugerindo que so de risco na transferncia e difuso da resistência na cadeia alimentar. Aps a cura plasmidial pelo tratamento com AO de 24 cepas multirresistentes e com resistência intermediria de vbrio e aeromonas escolhidas aleatoriamente, 13 perderam totalmente a resistência e 7 perderam parcialmente, sendo que o maior percentual de perda da resistência ocorreu nas cepas de V. cholerae no O1 e no O139 (6 cepas), se concentrando nos marcos de resistência a AMP (13), AMK (11), TCY(8) e CIP(3). Os resultados da conjugao realizada entre amostras de Vibrio xvi curadas e a E. coli K12C600 demonstraram que 78,5% das culturas de Vibrio testadas revelaram capacidade de transferncia para o gene que confere resistência a AMP e 28,5% para a TCY. Dos coliformes, E. coli foi a mais frequente, seguida de Citrobacter spp, isoladas em 40,3% e 27,5% das amostras respectivamente. AMP foi o antimicrobiano menos eficaz, seguido de TCY. As 11 cepas multirresistentes se distriburam em 9 perfis distintos, um deles constitudo de cinco marcos (AMP, NIT, TCY, CHL, SXT), albergados em uma cepa de Klebsiella spp, oriunda de camaro adquirido em supermercado, similar ao resultado obtido em V. carchariae. Conclui-se que, os camares marinhos frescos e refrigerados, comercializados em Natal-RN evidenciaram contaminao com coliformes, vbrios e aeromonas multirresistentes a antimicrobianos comumente utilizados na terapia mdica e veterinria, e que, possivelmente, a transferncia de genes de resistência entre bactrias se constitui um srio problema de sade pblica
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientfico e Tecnolgico
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A prtica regular de exerccio fsico possibilita reduo dos efeitos das disfunes hormonais e envelhecimento biolgico natural que promovem desajustes hemodinmicos, vasculares e msculo-esquelticos, principalmente na populao feminina no perodo ps-menopausa. Nesta fase da vida, o exerccio aqutico representa mais do que uma forma de ajuste funcional, uma forma de manuteno de independncia para as atividades da vida diria (AVD s) e melhoria na qualidade de vida. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar as modificaes adquiridas pela prtica regular de um programa de exerccio aqutico concorrente de intensidade moderada no nvel de xido ntrico (ON), no ndice de resistividade arterial (IR), no perfil lipdico, na capacidade funcional e na qualidade de vida de idosas. A amostra foi formada por idosas (60 a 80 anos) selecionadas por randomizao, por sorteio simples divididas em grupo controle e grupo de interveno as quais foram submetidas a um programa de exerccios aquticos proposto inicialmente em projeto piloto, por 12 semanas (n=34) e o ensaio clnico teve durao de 16 semanas (n=40). Foi coletada amostra sangunea das idosas e avaliado o perfil lipdico pelo mtodo enzimtico com kit Labtest e o ON por medida indireta a partir da concentrao de nitrito no sobrenadante das clulas em cultura em leitor de ELISA. A avaliao das artrias cartidas e vertebrais foi feita utilizando o mtodo de ultra-som Doopler. A capacidade funcional foi avaliada por quatro testes que simulam atividades da vida diria que so: caminhar 10 metros (C10m), levantar da posio sentada (LPS), levantar da cadeira e locomover-se pela casa (LCLC) e o de levantar-se da posio decbito ventral (LPDV). No estudo piloto foi avaliado o ndice geral de autonomia funcional (IG) e a qualidade de vida atravs do questionrio WHOQOL-100. Empregou-se a anlise de varincia (ANOVA) com medidas repetidas nos fatores grupo (GH e GC) e tempo (pr e ps-teste) para as comparaes intra e intergrupos nas variveis seguida do post hoc de Scheff. Utilizou-se o teste de correlao de Pearson e adotado o valor de p<0,05 para a significncia estatstica. Houve aumento do ON circulante, reduo nos ndices de resistividade arterial, melhoria significativa nos nveis de colesterol e triglicrides e ganho na capacidade funcional das idosas aps a interveno. Existiu correlao inversa entre a resistividade da artria vertebral direita (VERTD) e nveis de ON e entre a VERTD e os nveis plasmticos de HDL, assim como entre estes e o teste C10m nas idosas em estudo. No houve modificaes significativas na qualidade de vida das idosas. Em concluso, o programa de exerccio proposto foi capaz de oferecer melhorias funcionais, aumentar o nvel de xido ntrico circulante, diminuindo a resistência arterial promovendo modificaes no perfil lipdico de idosas
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The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of an aerobic exercise program on the internal right carotid resistive index (IRCRI) and the functional autonomy levels of elderly women. The sample was composed of 25 elderly sedentary women, aged between 60 and 75 years, allocated into two groups: an experimental group consisting of 14 women submitted to aerobic treatment and a control group (n=11). Carotid artery resistance assessment was conducted using Doppler ultrasound and functional autonomy by the following tests: 10m walk (10mW), rising from a sitting position (RSP), rising from a chair and moving about the house (RCMH), rising from the ventral decubitus position (RVDP) and putting on and removing a t-shirt (PRTS). Aerobic training consisted of walking 30 minutes a day, 3 times a week, for 3 months. To control the intensity of the walk, the index of perceived exertion was used, with standardized Borg scale values corresponding to 13-15 points, characterized as slightly tiring exercise with training heart rate (TRH) between 50% and 80% of heart rate reserve (HRR). Repeated measures ANOVA was used for statistical analysis. Compared to the control, the experimental group obtained a statistically significant decrease in right internal carotid resistance (p = 0.021) and a significant increase in the following tests: 10mW (p=0.000), RSP (p=0.035) and RCMH (p=0.016). These results suggest that engaging in aerobic exercises was effective in decreasing IRCRI and improving functional autonomy inelderly women
