Prevalência e fatores associados a lesões labiais e periorais decorrentes da exposição solar em trabalhadores de praia

This study aimed to verify the prevalence of lip and perioral lesions in worker who were under sunshine on the beaches of Natal/RN and to investigate possible associations of these with sociodemographic, occupational and general health variables. For this, 362 individuals who had one of the urban beaches (Ponta Negra / Environment / Redinha) in the city of Natal/RN as a working environment in the study. We excluded people under 18 years old. Data collection was done through epidemiological analysis and extra-oral validated questionnaire with questions that characterize socioeconomic and demographic factors, occupational exposure and general health. The male subjects (72.6%) were the majority in the sample. The people who worked directly exposed to high peaks of ultraviolet radiation, as well as informal workers predominated. Considering the total sample of individuals, ephelides in the perioral region (33.7%) and labial region (24.0%), solar lentigo perioral (15.2%) and actinic cheilitis (13.8%) stood out as the most prevalent lesions. Indoor workers and those who had a habit occurrence of injuries by 19% and 21% respectively higher when compared to outdoor workers and people without habits. The variable use of cap / hat was associated with the presence of cold sores (Qui2 = 1,328, p = 0,058). On the threshold of significance, the type of work was also associated with lesions in lip occurrence (p = 0,042). Men showed a lower incidence of perioral lesions when compared to female workers (PR=0,716, p valor = 0,002). The present study showed high prevalence of lip and perioral lesions. The premalignant lesions were the most identified, both as in lip skin. It is important therefore to be encouraged to adopt protective measures against excessive sun exposure, fairly and consistently

Avaliação de lesões brancas de cáries: um estudo de prognóstico

Objective: The aim of the present study is to assess the current situation of white enamel lesions on vestibular surfaces of permanent upper incisors, diagnosed 6 years ago, without clinical intervention. Methods: A prospective study reassessed 53 students of both sexes, aged between 13 and 18 years old, all attending the public school system in Natal, Brazil. Data collection was performed by duly calibrated examiners, and a clinical chart consisting of demographic data on dental caries, oral hygiene, and gingival condition was prepared. A tactile-visual examination was conducted using a clinical mirror and periodontal probe. Data compilation and analysis were carried out using a SPSS software. In this analysis the chi-squared test was used for qualitative independent variables. To identify the net effect of treatment, multiple logistic analysis with forward stepwise model selection was performed. Results: The final sample was composed of 106 lesions in the 53 individuals, with mean age of 15.02 years, visible plaque index (VPI) of 23.34%, and gingival blood indices (GBI) of 25.92%. A statistically significant relationship (p = 0.003) was found between initial DMFS and prognosis of white enamel lesion. Conclusions: We observed that past caries experience and dental plaque were the main predictive factors for negative lesion outcomes, demonstrating the need for oral hygiene control through continuing preventive measures

Eficácia do cimento de ionômero de vidro como selante oclusal sobre a paralisação de lesões cariosas em dentina

Dental caries consists in a multifactorial and dynamic process. The knowledge of the ionic interactions among dental tissues and dental biofilm make possible its understanding as a process that can be stopped. Recently, the use of sealants have lost its function as preventive agent and passed to be argued as a possible therapeutical agent. This happens by hindering the substratum flow to the lesion inner and, therefore, controls the advance of the process. This study aimed to evaluate glass ionomer cement as a not invasive technique of treatment in occlusal caries without clinical cavitation, but with dentinal involvement. The research was accomplished using a controlled clinical trial with two groups (experimental and control) in 38 subjects (8-18 years) with 51 molars. The teeth of the experimental group were sealed with glass ionomer cement (Vidrion-R, S.S.White, Juiz de Fora, Brazil) and the molars control did not suffer intervention. The experimental group was followed by a year and the control by 8 months due the progression of the carious injury. Both groups were reevaluated to each 4 months with the use of clinical, radiographic and laser fluorescence (DIAGNOdent®) examination. The analysis of the clinical evaluation did not observe a significant difference between experimental and control groups. However, analysis with radiographic and laser fluorescence (DIAGNOdent®) examination observed a significant difference (p> 0,05) between groups, demonstrating a wors condition to the group without intervention. The results suggest that glass ionomer cement as sealant can be efficient to paralyze dentinal caries without clinical cavitation

Análise quantitativa das células CD4 e sua importância no diagnóstico de lesões orais em pacientes HIV positivos

The oral manifestations due to HIV infection are, a lot of times, the first clinical signs of the disease. These injuries may also function as beepers and sentries of the curse and progression of the HIV infection and AIDS. The objective of this work was to evaluate the prevalence of the oral injuries in HIV positive patients, relating them with the CD4+ cells counting and the viral load in patients from the Hospital of Infected contagious Gizelda Trigueiro in Natal-RN. One hundred and one patients were evaluated, where after the clinical exam of the oral cavity, these ones were conducted to the peripheral blood collection for the counting of CD4+ lymphocytes. We observed a prevalence of 25,6%, that is, 31 cases. The Oral Candidiasis was the most commum injure, followed by Oral Hairy Leukoplakia, linear gingival erytema, lips herpes, gingivitis and periodontitis - HIV. The average counting of cells CD4+ of the injury carrying patients was of 250 cells/mm3. We did not observe relation between the presence of injuries and the viral load of the individuals

Expressão imuno-histoquímica das proteínas MMP-9, VEGF e FVW em lesões centrais e periféricas de células gigantes

Central giant cell lesion (CGCL) and peripheral giant cell lesion (PGCL) of the jaws have a distinct clinical behavior, although they share histopathologic features. It is still unclear whether these clinical differences are supported by a distinct pattern of immunoexpression of markers for multinucleated giant cells (GC) and mononuclear cells (MC). The purpose of this study was to compare the immunohistochemical expression of VEGF, MMP-9 in CG and MC and measure the vascularization by vWF to check whether there are differences in expression of these biomarkers between CGCL and PGCL. Paraffin wax blocks of 20 cases of LCCG and 20 LPCG were retrieved. MMP-9 immunoreactivity was greater in the CM of PGCL compared to VEGF (p<0.05). VEGF expression was greater in the CM of CGCL compared to PGCL (p<0.05) and it was greater in the overall expression of CGCL compared to PGCL (p<0.05). Vascularity was quantified by microvascular counting (MVC). MVC was greater in the PGCL compared CGCL (p<0.05). MMP-9 showed a greater tendency of expression in CGCL, though was not significant (p>0.05). We tested correlation between the proteins studied in each group and found a significant negative correlation between VEGF and vWF in CGCL (p<0.05). These results suggest that there are differences in the expression of VEGF in CM and overall expression between the lesions, although no statistically significant difference in the overall expression of the MMP-9. Then, there was a trend in increased expression of MMP-9 and VEGF in CGCL, possibly by the involvement of both proteins in osteoclastogenesis. Additionally, the results of this study indicate a higher degree of vascularization in PGCL compared to CGCL, fact that can be directly linked to the reactive nature of the PGCL, where the inflammatory process with its rich angiogenesis contributes significantly to these findings.

Expressão Imuno-histoquímica das proteínas GLUT-1 e HIF-1α em lesões vasculares de mucosa oral

The correct histological diagnosis of vascular lesions in the oral mucosa is critical, especially in defining the treatment and prognosis, as some vascular lesions show spontaneous involution and others do not show such behavior. This study analyzed the expression immunohistochemistry of human glucose transporter protein (GLUT-1), in oral benign vascular tumors and to reclassify such lesions according to with his immunoexpression. In addition, we evaluated the immunohistochemical expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α), the main transcription factor involved in cellular adaptation to hypoxia. We analyzed 60 cases of benign oral vascular tumors: 30 cases with histological diagnosis of HEM and 30 cases of oral pyogenic granuloma (PG). The results of this research showed that of the 30 lesions initially classified as HEM, only 7 showed immuno-positivity for GLUT-1, remaining with the initial diagnosis. The remaining 23 were reclassified as vascular malformation (VM) (13 cases) and PG (10 cases). All cases in the sample with an initial diagnosis of PG were negative for GLUT-1, demonstrating the accuracy of histological diagnosis of these lesions. Concerning to the immunoexpression of HIF-1α, the Mann-Whitney test revealed a statistically significant difference between the cases of GP and MV (p = 0.002), where the median of GP (m=78) was higher than the MV (m=53). Based on these results, this study showed that a histological diagnosis alone is not always sufficient for the correct diagnosis of oral HEM and that HIF-1α participates in the pathogenesis of vascular lesions

Avaliação da angiogênese em lesões de líquen plano oral e pênfigo vulgar

Oral lichen planus and pemphigus vulgaris are chronic diseases mucous membrane immune of unknown aetiology that can be observed affecting to the oral mucous. A relevant as regards neoplasies the role angiogenesis in the inflammatory chronic disease pathogenesis as it provides a substancial interest can be considered as being an activity diseases marker; besides being through specialised research of this angiogenic process to improve of understanding pathogenic mechanism. This research proposes to assess angiogenic active through of antibody immunohistochemistry expression antiCD34 antibody in 26 OLP of reticular cases, 14 OLP erosives cases, 18 of PV cases and 15 specimens of normal oral mucosa. The result was submitted non-parametric tests of 5% significance level. It is not statistically significant correlacion was seen regarding between average vessels. However, only be effectively observed the median of OLP cases was larger than pemphigus vulgaris in fact proved average larger than oral normal mucosa (p=0,280). Regarding the microvascular count of CD34 concerning clinic form oral lichen planus (reticular and erosion) increased emphasis is more cross-border average for the form erosion clinic. Despite of the statistic tests could not be more effective (p=0,720). Even though, the results of the research is not sufficient to enable to consider of angiogenic process in the pathogenesis and lesions progression of oral lichen planus and pemphigus vulgaris, we suggest this process is present in both forms lesion, however, more studies must be made in the near future in order to prepare a well-founded proposal

Exprassão imuno-histoquímica dos fatores de reabsorção óssea em lesões centrais e periféricas de células gigantes

The Giant Cell Lesions, both the Central Giant Cells Lesions (CGCL) as the Peripheral Giant Cells Lesions (PGCL), correspond to a group of oral lesions that are histologically similar entities; however they show a variable clinical behaviour. The purpose of this study was to compare the immunohistochemical expression of bone resorption factors RANK (Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor kappa B), RANKL (Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor kappa B Ligand) and OPG (Osteoprotegerin) between CGCL and PGCL. Additionally, these bone resorption factors were examined in terms of aggressiveness of these lesions. The sample consisted of 61 cases, 30 cases of PGCL and 31 CGCL (16 non-aggressive and 15 aggressive). The analysis was performed by quantification of mononuclear cells (MO) and giant multinucleated cells (CG) immunopositive to anti-RANK, anti-RANKL and anti-OPG antibodies in 10 fields. Moreover, according to the proportion between the amount of cells positive for RANKL and OPG, the cases were categorized into: RANKL>OPG, OPG>RANKL e RANKL=OPG. CGCL showed a higher amount of MO (p=0.002) and total cells (p=0.003) both positives to RANKL compared with the PGCL. Additionally, the CGCL revealed a significant association with the ratio of RANKL>OPG (p=0.001). Analysis of the bone resorption factors revealed no significant differences between aggressive and non-aggressive CGCL (p>0.05). It was observed a positive correlation between the markers themselves, and a negative correlation between lesion size and quantity of OPG positive MO cells (p=0,004) and total cells (p=0,009). Through these results, we suggest that the greatest CGCL resorptive potential compared to the PGCL, may have occurred to the high expression of RANKL. Furthermore differences in the biological behavior of aggressive and non-aggressive CGCL appear to be related to the expression of these bone resorption factors

Falas silenciadas: relatos de mulheres/educadoras sobre a campanha de pé no chão também se aprende a ler

Au cours de cette recherche, nous traitons la reinterprétation de cette campagne de Pé no Chão Também se Aprende a Ler , tout en utilisant un moyen défini a travers les parlers de femmes qui avaient travaillé dans le projet d alphabétisation développé par la Mairie de la Ville de Natal au début des années 1960. Le parler de cinq femmes/ éducatrices, participantes actives de ce projet, se constitue en tant qu unité principale de référence de ce travail. À partir de leurs témoignages nous avons cherché à contextualiser et enrichir un peu plus la période concernante à l avènement de la Campagne. Il s agit de témoignages qui ont des rapports avec l éducation, la culture et la conscientisation politique, véhicule à la compréhension du contexte historique dans lequel s insérait le groupe engagé dans la Campagne de Pé no chão também se aprende a ler .Nous avons développé notre travail à travers la méthodologie compréhensible du discours (Kaufmann, 1996), tout en mélangeant le matériel recherché et la théorie. Les considérations finales font état de nos impressions à propos de ce projet à partir des témoignages de ces cinq femmes/éducatrices. Le gouvernement de Djalma Maranhão se caracterize pu democratie et populaire et ce travail éducatif considérer subversives a décennie 1960

Estudo imuno-histoquímico da presença de miofibroblastos e da expressão do fator transformador de crescimento-beta1, interferon gama, metaloproteinase de matriz 13 e indutor de metaloproteinases de matriz em lesões odontogênicas epiteliais

Myofibroblasts are cells that exhibit a hybrid phenotype, sharing the morphological characteristics of fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells, which is acquired during a process called differentiation. These cells then start to express -SMA, a marker that can be used for their identification. Studies suggest that myofibroblasts are related to the aggressiveness of different tumors and that TGF-1 and IFN- play a role in myofibroblast differentiation, stimulating or inhibiting this differentiation, respectively. The objective of this study was to investigate the role of myofibroblasts in epithelial odontogenic tumors, correlating the presence of these cells with the aggressiveness of the tumor. Immunohistochemistry was used to evaluate the expression of TGF-1 and IFN- in myofibroblast differentiation, as well as the expression of MMP-13, which is activated by myofibroblasts, and of EMMPRIN (extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer) as a precursor of this MMP. The sample consisted of 20 solid ameloblastomas, 10 unicystic ameloblastomas, 20 odontogenic keratocysts, and 20 adenomatoid odontogenic tumors. For evaluation of myofibroblasts, anti- -SMA-immunoreactive cells were quantified in connective tissue close to the epithelium. Immunoexpression of TGF-1, IFN-, MMP-13 and EMMPRIN was evaluated in the epithelial and connective tissue components, attributing scores of 0 to 4. The results showed a higher concentration of myofibroblasts in solid ameloblastomas (mean of 30.55), followed by odontogenic keratocysts (22.50), unicystic ameloblastomas (20.80), and adenomatoid odontogenic tumors (19.15) (p=0.001). No significant correlation between TGF-1 and IFN- was observed during the process of myofibroblast differentiation. There was also no correlation between the quantity of myofibroblasts and MMP-13 expression. Significant correlations were found between MMP-13 and TGF-1 (r=0.087; p=0.011), between MMP- 13 and IFN- (r=0.348; p=0.003), as well as between EMMPRIN and MMP-13 (r=0.474; p<0.001) and between EMMPRIN and IFN- (r=0.393; p=0.001). The higher quantity of myofibroblasts observed in solid ameloblastomas, odontogenic keratocysts and unicystic ameloblastomas suggests that these cells are one of the factors responsible for the more aggressive biological behavior of these tumors, although the myofibroblast population was not correlated with TGF-1, IFN-, MMP-13 or EMMPRIN. The correlation between MMP- 13 and TGF-1 suggests that the latter induces the expression of this metalloproteinase. The present results also support the well-established role of EMMPRIN as an inducer of MMP-13. Furthermore, the relationship between EMMPRIN and IFN- and between MMP-13 and IFN- suggests synergism in the antifibrotic effect of these markers

Sismicidade e esforços tectônicos na zona sísmica Acaraú, Nordeste do Brasil

Inside the Borborema Province the Northwestern Ceará (NC) is one of the most seismic active regions. There are reports of an earthquake occurred in 1810 in the Granja town. On January, 2008 the seismic activity in NC has increased and it was deployed a seismographic network with 11 digital stations. In 2009, another earthquake sequence began and it was deployed another seismographic network in the Santana do Acaraú town with 6 stations. This thesis presents the results obtained by analyzing the data recorded in these two networks. The epicentral areas are located near the northeastern part of the Transbrasiliano Lineament, a shear zone with NE-SW-trending that cuts the study area. The hypocenters are located between 1km and 8km. The strike-slip focal mechanisms were found, which is predominant in the Borborema Province. An integration of seismological, geological and geophysical data was performed and it show that the seismogenic faults found are oriented in the same direction to the local brittle structures observed in field and magnetic lineaments. The SHmax (maximum compressional stress) direction in NC was estimated using an inversion of seven focal mechanisms. The horizontal maximum compression stress (σ1 = 300°) with orientation NW-SE and extension (σ3 = 210°) with NE-SW and σ2 vertical. These results are consistent with results of previous studies. The seismic activity recorded in NC is not related to a possible reactivation of the Transbrasiliano Lineament, by now.

Mapeamento cromossômico de DNAs repetitivos com fins biotecnológicos em peixes marinhos e interesse comercial - Rachycentridae e Lutjanidae

The Rachycentron canadum species, commonly known as beijupirá or cobia is the only representative of Rachycentridae family which has been increasingly used in marine fish farming, in intensive cultivation. As advantageous features it has easy adaptation, prolific behavior, early growth in captivity and high commercial value. Additionally, specie of Lutjanidae family (Lutjanus synagris, Lutjanus jocu, Lutjanus analis, Lutjanus alexandrei and Ocyurus chrysurus) represents an important fisheries resource in all areas of its occurrence. In Brazil, the commercial exploitation of Lutjanidae which begun in the 60's and 80's, already has showed a decline in catch volumes. This fact suggests that the snappers must have a conservative management. Despite the economic potential, little is known about the genetic and cytogenetic characteristics of these species, especially with respect to repetitive DNA analysis, which represents the major part of the eukaryotes genome, playing important evolutionary roles in the fish genome. Cytogenetic data is increasingly being used in population studies and biotechnological purposes in fishes. The cytogenetical analyzes were performed using classical methods such as Giemsa staining, C-banding and Ag-NORs, fluorochromes base-specific staining (DAPI and MM) and physical mapping of repetitive sequences among which, telomeric sequences, transposons (Tol2), retrotransposons (Rex1 and Rex3), repetitive DNA (microsatellites and Cot-1) and transcriptionally active regions of the 18S and 5S ribosomal genes and histone (H3 and H2BA) by in situ hybridization with fluorescent probes (FISH). The chromosomal patterns obtained contributed to the organization of repetitive sequences in the genome of the species, as well as karyotypical differentiation. Unusual patterns of histone sequences expansion depict the first occurrence in marine fishes. The obtained data provided subsides to the genetic knowledge of the important fisheries resource represented by the species here analyzed, seeking the marine pisciculture improvement.

Esforços governamentais locais para o desenvolvimento: desenhos, tendências e limites dos Fundos de Desenvolvimento Industrial nos estados do Rio Grande do Norte, Maranhão e Ceará (1985-2010)

This research aimed to analyze the main government efforts to promote economic development in the Northeast, from 1985 to 2010, under the view that growth is crucial for increasing industrialization process and allows for more significant growth patterns. The analysis was the context in which state governments react to the abandonment of developmental line the federal level, in the 1980s, incorporating features of the actions called endogenous regional development and providing local players with greater responsibility in the development process. Justifies the need to analyze the following scenario: state governments in northeastern Brazil using relevant part of its resources to finance the installation and expansion of companies through tax incentives, with a view to generating income and employment, whilst waiting for an increase in output and a positive change in economic dynamism. In addition, it puts in question the fact that these policies receive such importance of state administrations for the purpose of achieving regional development. It was left to consider, therefore, the contents of the shares elected by state governments to examine the scope of these policies both in the pattern of growth, the transformation of the industrial sector and the development of the region attention to changes in state production structures. Due to limitations on the availability of data and time to carry out research, we were elected three states for the study: Rio Grande do Norte, Ceará and Maranhão. The study found that, despite the contribution of policies analyzed to economic growth, sub-national states are unable to compensate for the lack of development agencies structured at the federal level.

Análise da imunoexpressão de Oct- 4 e C44 em lesões odontogênicas epiteliais benignas

benign epithelial odontogenic lesions are great clinical importance entities that develop in the jaws from the tissues that form teeth. It has been shown that in benign and malignant tumors, are present in a large number of tumor stem cells, which has great implications in the development of these lesions. Oct-4 and CD44 have been demos as important markers for tumoral stem cells. The objective of this study was to identify epithelial cells expressing stem cell markers by immunohistochemical expression of Oct-4 and CD44 in a series of cases of benign epithelial odontogenic lesions. The sample was comprised of 20 cases of odontogenic keratocyst (OKC), 20 cases of solid/multicystic ameloblastoma and 20 cases of adenomatoid odontogenic tumor (AOT). The expression of Oct-4 and CD44 was evaluated in epithelial lesions using the percentage of positive cells (PP) and the intensity of expression (IE), being realized the sum of these scores, resulting in Total Immunostaining Score (TIS) ranging 0 to 7. The results were submitted to the appropriate statistical test (nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis and Spearman correlation coefficient). All cases were positive for both markers and most showed high expression of both markers. The analysis of Oct-4 expression revealed no statistically significant differences (p = 0.406) among the studied lesions. Regarding the CD44 expression, there was a statistically significant difference between the cases of ameloblastoma and TOA in relation to the CCO, with the latter show more cases in the score 7 (p = 0.034). In the correlation analysis of the immunoreactivity of both markers in the three lesions studied, there was no statistically significant correlation. The results of this study identified the presence of cells with stemness characteristics arranged at various sites in the epithelial component of the studied lesions suggesting their possible role in the histogenesis and differentiation in benign epithelial odontogenic lesions, thus contributing to the development of these lesions.

Análise da imunoexpressão de Oct- 4 e C44 em lesões odontogênicas epiteliais benignas

benign epithelial odontogenic lesions are great clinical importance entities that develop in the jaws from the tissues that form teeth. It has been shown that in benign and malignant tumors, are present in a large number of tumor stem cells, which has great implications in the development of these lesions. Oct-4 and CD44 have been demos as important markers for tumoral stem cells. The objective of this study was to identify epithelial cells expressing stem cell markers by immunohistochemical expression of Oct-4 and CD44 in a series of cases of benign epithelial odontogenic lesions. The sample was comprised of 20 cases of odontogenic keratocyst (OKC), 20 cases of solid/multicystic ameloblastoma and 20 cases of adenomatoid odontogenic tumor (AOT). The expression of Oct-4 and CD44 was evaluated in epithelial lesions using the percentage of positive cells (PP) and the intensity of expression (IE), being realized the sum of these scores, resulting in Total Immunostaining Score (TIS) ranging 0 to 7. The results were submitted to the appropriate statistical test (nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis and Spearman correlation coefficient). All cases were positive for both markers and most showed high expression of both markers. The analysis of Oct-4 expression revealed no statistically significant differences (p = 0.406) among the studied lesions. Regarding the CD44 expression, there was a statistically significant difference between the cases of ameloblastoma and TOA in relation to the CCO, with the latter show more cases in the score 7 (p = 0.034). In the correlation analysis of the immunoreactivity of both markers in the three lesions studied, there was no statistically significant correlation. The results of this study identified the presence of cells with stemness characteristics arranged at various sites in the epithelial component of the studied lesions suggesting their possible role in the histogenesis and differentiation in benign epithelial odontogenic lesions, thus contributing to the development of these lesions.