Gestão de custos utilizando sistema de custeio por atividade-ABC: comparação entre laboratório público e privado de análises clínicas em São Luís-MA.

Neste trabalho, é abordada a importância de se utilizar novas formas (métodos) de rastreamento dos custos indiretos, em instituições pública e privada, demonstrando quanta informação uma administração responsável, na área de saúde, especificamente no setor de laboratórios de análises clínicas, pode visualizar com a utilização do Sistema de Custeio Baseado em Atividade - ABC, em substituição aos sistemas tradicionais de apuração dos custos, tipo o Absorção. Como efeito de trabalho de pesquisa buscou-se estabelecer o método de estudo de casos em duas instituições sendo uma da estrutura de saúde pública de São Luís, e outra da estrutura privada, que também presta os mesmos serviços, todos sob uma mesma remuneração – o SUS. Neste trabalho, permitem-se compará-los e verificar qual a melhor estrutura, seus problemas, limitações para a formação de seus custos. Permite também a análise comparativa entre formatos existentes, tipo o Sistema de Custeio Baseado em atividade – ABC e o sistema de custeio pro absorção. As análises obtidas permitem concluir nestes dois casos que os custos podem ser melhores determinados por uma sistemática de apuração que possibilite desenvolver diferenciais que poderão determinar a sua competitividade e a permanência dos seus serviços. Estas informações permitiriam um melhor desempenho tanto na área pública, quanto o da área privada.

Effects of fiscal consolidations in Latin America

We use new data on cyclically adjusted primary balances for Latin America and the Caribbean to estimate e ects of scal consolidations on GDP and some of its components. Identi cation is conducted through a doubly-robust estimation procedure that controls for non-randomness in the "treatment assignment" by inverse probability weighting and impulse responses are generated by local projections. Results suggest output contraction by more than one percent on impact, with economy starting to recover from the second year on. Composition e ects indicate that revenue-based adjustments are way more contractionary than expenditure-based ones. Disentangling efects between demand components, we nd consumption being in general less responsive to consolidations than investment, although nonlinearities associated to initial levels of debt and taxation might play an important role.

Temporary exchange rate-based stabilization programs under asset market segmentation

This paper analyses the welfare consequences of temporary exchange rate-based stabilization programs. Differently than previous papers, however, here we assume that only a fraction of households participates in asset market transactions. With this asset market segmentation assumption, the effects of temporary programs on welfare may change drastically. Households with access to the bonds market are able to protect themselves better from the changes in the inflation rate – although at the cost of a distortion in their consumption path. As a consequence, they may decrease their inflation tax burden – which would increase for the other group of households. By the other side, when these agents that lack the access to the asset markets are credit constrained, they may welcome the program, since the government Is temporally reducing the inflation tax they have to pay. The temporary program could end up benefiting both groups, what could help to understand their popularity.

Improvement on the sales forecast accuracy for a fast growing company by the best combination of historical data usage and clients segmentation

Industrial companies in developing countries are facing rapid growths, and this requires having in place the best organizational processes to cope with the market demand. Sales forecasting, as a tool aligned with the general strategy of the company, needs to be as much accurate as possible, in order to achieve the sales targets by making available the right information for purchasing, planning and control of production areas, and finally attending in time and form the demand generated. The present dissertation uses a single case study from the subsidiary of an international explosives company based in Brazil, Maxam, experiencing high growth in sales, and therefore facing the challenge to adequate its structure and processes properly for the rapid growth expected. Diverse sales forecast techniques have been analyzed to compare the actual monthly sales forecast, based on the sales force representatives’ market knowledge, with forecasts based on the analysis of historical sales data. The dissertation findings show how the combination of both qualitative and quantitative forecasts, by the creation of a combined forecast that considers both client´s demand knowledge from the sales workforce with time series analysis, leads to the improvement on the accuracy of the company´s sales forecast.