Enfoque gerencial dos benefícios e desafios da tecnologia de informação para o desempenho empresarial

A Tecnologia de Informação tem sido considerada como um dos componentes mais importantes do ambiente empresarial atual, sendo que as organizações brasileiras têm utilizado ampla e intensamente esta tecnologia, tanto em nível estratégico como operacional. Este nível de utilização oferece grandes oportunidades para as empresas que têm sucesso no aproveitamento dos benefícios oferecidos por este uso. Ao mesmo tempo, ele também oferece desafios para a administração deste recurso do qual as empresas passam a ter grande dependência e que apresenta particularidades de gerenciamento. Neste cenário complexo, outro desafio é identificar o nível de contribuição que esta tecnologia oferece aos resultados das empresas. Por fim, as atitudes dos executivos de negócio e de Tecnologia de Informação interferem de forma significativa na administração desta tecnologia. Este projeto tem como objetivo principal identificar os benefícios efetivos da utilização de Tecnologia de Informação, os desafios de sua administração, o desempenho das empresas que utilizam intensamente esta tecnologia e as atitudes dos principais executivos neste ambiente, bem como a relação que existe entre estas dimensões. O foco do projeto será os principais executivos de negócio e de tecnologia. A sua contribuição é aprofundar o conhecimento da administração de Tecnologia de Informação, nas dimensões de utilização, administração e contribuição, além das atitudes dos executivos, bem como a relação entre elas, permitindo criar uma estrutura de análise da situação desta tecnologia nas empresas que ofereça subsídios para a sua administração bem sucedida.

O global e o contextual no aprendizado gerencial de multinacionais: uma perspectiva brasileira

The major purpose of this thesis is to verify, from a Brazilian perspective, how global and contextual issues influence the management learning in Multinationals. The management learning derived from the interaction of holding and sidiaries/colligates of Multinational corporation is supposed to be subject to convergent and divergent forces, the former related to global and standardized organizational practices, and the latter, is seen as a social practice subject to cultural and organizational singularities. A model was constructed to relate the dichotomy between the universality of the management practices and technologies and the particularity of the contexts where they operate, to the dichotomy between the singularities in organization and national level. This model is composed of the international, global, managerial and inter-organizational dimensions related, respectively, to the cultural and political diversity; to the universal forces of practices and values; to the managerial capabilities and resources in the organization, consolidated as best practices and to the interaction between holding and subsidiaries and the resulted learning. The combined result of these dimensions influences the knowledge flow and the learning derived from it. The field research was constituted of five cases of internationalized Brazilian firms, with a solid experience in their management systems. The main subjects of this study were executives and ofessionals/managers who respond to the management development. The data were first collected in the headquarters and complemented with visits to subsidiaries/joint ventures in other countries, in loco or with expatriated people who return to Brazil. The central supposition was validated. So, the management learning ¿ is driven by the global capitalism practices and by the global culture where they are immersed, reproducing a hegemonic vision and a common language (global dimension); ¿ incorporates the more propagated and dominant managerial values, although there are some variations when they are applied in the subsidiaries/joint ventures; is the product of the assimilation of international recognized and planned managerial practices, with the acculturation power, although not completely; is the result mainly of the managerial practice in work; is impacted not only by cross-cultural and managerial factors, but also by the business environment of the firm; is given according to the capabilities and resources in the organization, guiding the form of assimilation of practices and technologies, with global application or not (managerial dimension); ¿ is affected by the cross-cultural diversity involving the countries of the holding and the subsidiaries/joint ventures where the firm is and is given as a reproduction of the political context of the holding and subsidiaries countries (international dimension); ¿ faces aligned concurrent institutional pressures between corporate or global systems, practices of other subsidiaries/joint ventures and local practices; is more difficult to reach when there is not permeability between organizational cultures and identities of a Multinational firm; is affected by how much the relationship process across these unities is self-referenced; is facilitated by the construction and improvement of the knowledge network (interorganizational dimension). Finally some contributions of this study are exposed, including extensions of the proposed model and suggestions, recommendations for future research.

A contribuição das auditorias de natureza operacionais na preparação do TCE-RJ para atender às demandas do novo paradigma público administrativo da administração gerencial

It is difficult to be precise as to the history of auditing. Everyone who has the responsibility to verify the legitimacy of economic-financial data and answer to one¿s superior may be considered to be an auditor. Verbal audit reports were used during the time of the Roman Empire. In the current world, public administration applies advanced auditing techniques. Brazil is going through a complex process of change in regard to breaking away from the present bureaucratic administrative model toward the management administrative model. Consequently, the procedures of Brazil¿s Audit Courts are adapting to a new administrative paradigm outlined in this study. Operational audits were analyzed beginning with the theoretical basis and presuppositions in the defined context and compared with the traditional audit model, identifying possible contributions to the management administrative model. This qualitative research seeks to explore such contributions beginning with a critical reading of the research of six operational type audits made in the Federal area by the Audit Court, but does not intend to be strictly classified as a theoretical-critical basis to the extent and depth that a study of this type requires, nevertheless, it intends to approach this position. The results obtained of the systematic reading and criticism of the implemented procedures and the filed final reports of the six examples studied demonstrated that they are a model of operational audits with emphasis on the actions of public administrators ¿ evaluating the aspects of competence, productivity and effectiveness of the public administration ¿ not just to be adequate, but essential to the operation of management administration. The final considerations highlight the basic presupposition of management administration, that is, the accountability of public management based on the results of its management obtained with the use of operational audit techniques, seeking the expected rigor of public management in benefit of society.

A logística militar e o serviço de intendência: uma análise do programa excelência gerencial do Exército Brasileiro

This study has the purpose to analyze some of the programs and measures adopted by the Brazilian Army, as well as eventual contributions, for the modernization of its Logistics. Thus, focus one of the main devices of logistic support of the Forces, the Quartermaster, approaching some roles performed by this Service that comprises the current conception of the Army Logistics. This modernization process is mainly developed through a excellence program implemented for the whole Army aiming, amongst other factors, the adoption of managerial practices leading to a better operational performance and to the improvement of the Institution' services and products quality: the Managerial Excellence Program of the Brazilian Army (PEG-EB). Here, the Logistics is deemed as key part for the organizational success and one of the main factors of competitive differential of companies, directly related to costs reduction and increase in the level of services provided for the customers. For the Army, the improvement and update of logistic doctrine emerge as priority for achieving the goals, especially focusing the need to integrated the logistics activities, in order to optimize the resources available, reduce costs and prioritize its actions. While searching for an integrated approach for its logistics, the Army created a central body with the responsibility to coordinate all the supply chain of its Units: the Logistic Department (D Log). This body centrally coordinates a major segment of logistics functions in the Forces. The conclusion states that the development of this mentality about the internal integration of activities will allow a rationalization of the management process, increasing the indexes of availability of material from military organizations, and consequently a serviceability gain for the Brazilian Army.

A modernização administrativa das instituições públicas federais: a administração estratégica como um enfoque gerencial para o IBGE

With the redefinition of the constitutional paper of the State, the federal Government developed through the Ministry of the Federal Administration and of the Reform of the State a ¿Director Plan of the Reform of the State Apparatus¿. Having as main objective the retaking of the capacity of management of the State, this Managing Plan proposes the introduction of the methodologies of modernization of the public administration and the revision in the ways of property of the State. As a complement to this Plan the Program of Quality and Participation in the Public Administration ¿ QPAP ¿ was developed. This Program proposes the accomplishment of some strategic projects. Among those projects it stands out the one of Restructuring and Quality in the Federal Executive Power, which defines as one of the work stages, the dissemination of the strategic planning in all the entities of the public administration. The strategic planning is considered nowadays only one of the stages of the strategic administration and it is fundamental that all elements of sistematization and analysis in all the phases of the administration of an organization are knomn. This dissertation tries to show that the dissemination of the strategic planning in the public institutions, especially in the IBGE, it is opportune and coherent, but that it will also be necessary to do an analysis of all the limitations and challenges that the leaders will face so that the strategic restructuring is implemented with the effective participation and all the employees commitment.

Estilo Gerencial no IRD/CNEN: Possibilidades de Contribuição para a Implantação e Implementação do NBR ISO 9000

This study investigates in the National Commission of Nuclear Energy the Institute of Radiation Protection and Dosimetry in terms of perceptions, actions, and posture of the administrative agents which could facilitate the engagement of the employees of that public organization in the TQM implantation, based on NBR ISO 9000. The central question of this research is: which characteristics of the administrative actions and sense of the managerial posture manifested in the implantation, implementation and maintenance for the achievement of objectives and goals of the Quality System-ISO 9000, could contribute to engage the IRD professionals in the process? The research finds prevalence of the Quality technical knowledge over the attention on professionals' managerial posture, identifies a lack in that Norm about how to deal with its administrative requirements in practical terms, driving the researcher to look for support especially in Deming to face the critical reading of that organizational context. The field research was conceived under the paradigm of constructivism, facilitating the description of beliefs, perceptions, feelings and values manifested in the employees discourses, actions and re-actions to establish relations between Quality theory and that concrete reality. A phenomenologic approach, only as a complementary level, was sufficient to favor the researcher insertion in that institution where he is still working, but in the new and contingent role of researcher. To apprehend the organization managerial stile, to comprehend beyond its characteristics and to grasp the orientation of the managerial posture in terms of possibilities for Quality implementation were the core of this study. The TQM theory was interpreted as a living philosophy, an administrative posture the meaning of which is a permanent Quality improvement in the CNEN/IRD management processes in its internal and external organizational relations. The procedural nature of the CNEN/IRD public service legal regime, political implications and performance evaluation which reveals only partially the organizational reality should not obstruct the Institute drive to assume the spirit of serving the public as a Quality management philosophic commitment. Conclusions show some progress reorienting initiatives in organizational management taking place in three different levels: operational, toward the employees' expectations of values and organizational processes integration; HR administration, in search of better communication; strategic, through expectations on a possible visionary leadership". Finally, at the academic level, the perception that future studies in search of the establishment of relationships between TQM and the organization culture can favor new progress."

Possibilidades da Liderança como Recurso Gerencial para a Transformação nas Organizações: O Caso da Fundação Real Grandeza.

The purpose of this investigation was to examine the contributions that the Fundação Real Grandeza is giving toward the awareness of its managers on the relevance of leadership as a pertinent factor to activate the organization¿s transformation process to face the constant challenges of its mission. Relationships between theory and experience during the construction of this study were strongly based on bibliographic and documental research. The methodology was essentially qualitative in search for a better understanding of the organization in terms of leadership building and practices, through personal contact of the researcher with the people involved. The expected data was gathered through interviews with managers, some senior employees and experts as well as during an especially planned workshop, including one high staff member and a team of managers. Questionaries were also issued to employees, favouring the presentation of quantitative data. The results of this investigation indicate that the organization still presents some characteristics of a conservative culture but, at the present time, it also shows a growing process of self organizational consciousness among its managers in relation to the importance of acting as leaders to face present and future difficulties which are considered inherent to the nature of services that this organization deals with. Transformation is beginning to take place and manifestations of leadership already exist at the moment, although other concrete initiatives are necessary to enable the organization to be better prepared to compete in the emerging scenario of development and expansion of pension funds.

Atentado à formação de um Espirit de Corps: pelas tentativas da administração gerencial por um discurso da eficiência e pelas tentações dos "Espíritos de Porco"

This dissertation discuss the course of formation of EPPGG" (Specialists on Public Politics and Administration). We did a brief historical research on the origins of this career, stressing the problems of its implementation. We describe the process of selection and formation of "EPPGG" classes, focusing our attention on the first and fifth classes, the latter being the main object of our study. We avoided the standard approaches to this suject and based our investigation on the daily social interaction developed during the course, trying to unveil conflicts that show internal problems of the career and of "ENAP" (Scholl of Public Administration).

Estilo intuitivo: uma possibilidade de tecnologia gerencial nas organizações públicas

A presente dissertação procura promover uma reflexão sobre a evolução da tecnologia gerencial nas organizações públicas, particularizando o estilo gerencial intuitivo. A partir dos referenciais pesquisados na literatura especializada, a autora privilegia comentar as teorias gerenciais embasadas na tipologia junguiana. O estudo consta de: uma síntese da evolução histórica da atividade gerencial, uma discussão sobre o significado do termo intuição, uma apresentação de teorias sobre o estilo gerencial e sua importância no processo decisório, e uma avaliação dos resultados obtidos pelas pesquisas realizadas sobre o estilo gerencial intuitivo nas organizações de uma forma geral, bem como aqueles de uma organização pública específica.

Um modelo organizacional para a interiorização da Aduana brasileira: perspectiva perante o mercosul e a administração pública gerencial

Este estudo teve como objetivo identificar um modelo organizacional capaz de contemplar a Aduana brasileira com o nível ideal de interiorização necessário para suportar a expansão do comércio internacional. Inicialmente, os seguintes referencias foram investigados: o modelo organizacional atualmente empregado, os compromissos aduaneiros assumidos no âmbito do MERCOSUL e os novos paradigmas inseridos na proposta de reforma da administração pública federal. A escolha estratégica, que pretende indicar o nível de interiorização ideal, foi formulada considerando-se diferentes opiniões colhidas de personalidades envolvidas interna com a atuação aduaneira. A partir desta escolha e dos referencias considerados, promoveu-se então a reconcepção do modelo organizacional. Para elaborar o estudo, o autor teve que conduzir uma estruturada reflexão sobre alguns dos graves problemas que enfrenta a administração da mais importante instituição tributária do País. A partir de uma investigação dialética ,interessantes soluções puderam ser formuladas para os problemas diagnosticados. Como resultado, diversas propostas foram então inseridas no contexto da escolha estratégica ideal e do novo modelo organizacional.

A abertura comercial brasileira e o impacto no processo gerencial das micro e pequenas empresas do setor de confecção do Espírito Santo

ESTA MONOGRAFIA OBJETIVOU IDENTIFICAR ATÉ QUE PONTO A ABERTURA DO MERCADO BRASILEIRO AFETOU O PROCESSO GERENCIAL DAS MICRO E PEQUENAS EMPRESAS DO SETOR DE CONFECÇÃO DO ESPÍRITO SANTO. UTILIZOU-SE METODOLOGIA DIVERSIFICADA CONSISTENTE DE REVISÃO BIBLIOGRÁFICA SOBRE O TEMA, ANÁLISE E INTERPRETAÇÃO DE DADOS FORNECIDOS PELO SEBRAE-ES, IBGE E UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO ESPÍRITO SANTO (UFES) E PESQUISA DE CAMPO EM QUE FORAM ENTREVISTADOS EMPRESÁRIOS DO SETOR DE CONFECÇÃO EM MUNICÍPIOS DO ESTADO. PELO ESTUDO, CONCLUI-SE QUE: O PROCESSO DE GLOBALIZAÇÃO TEM AFETADO A ECONOMIA BRASILEIRA E, PARTICULARMENTE, A CAPIXABA; EM RELAÇÃO AO SETOR DE CONFECÇÃO, O IMPACTO DA GLOBALIZAÇÃO NÃO TEM SIDO ACENTUADO; E O PROCESSO GERENCIAL DAS MICRO E PEQUENAS EMPRESAS DO RAMO DE CONFECÇÃO NO ESTADO, SURGIU COMO UMA DAS PRINCIPAIS CAUSAS DA FRAGILIDADE E INEFICÁCIA DO SETOR, TORNANDO-SE INADIÁVEIS E IMPERATIVAS AÇÕES QUE PROPICIEM O DESENVOLVIMENTO GERENCIAL, A FIM DE PERMITIR-LHE CONTRIBUIR PARA A DISTRIBUIÇÃO SOCIAL DOS MEIOS DE PRODUÇÃO.

O conhecimento científico do poder como pré-requisito para o exercício da função gerencial nas organizações privadas

Nowadays, management of Intellectual Capital seems to be one of the most efficacious alternatives so that companies may permanently develop competitive differentials to enable their survival in a market that confers paradigma status to globalization. Managers are searching for solutions aiming to attract and maintain in their boards professionals that might be able to develop these competitive differentials and assure to their companies the expected results and the business growth. In this environment, the manager¿s functions appears as a strategic function towards the organization¿s routine and yet suggests an evaluation about the professionals performance concerning challenges (efforts) that market requires. The amount of scientific knowledge which these professionals detain about power should be measured as well as the thought that this can improve their performance regarding their capacity to convince (induce) people. This research concerns those that look for empirical evidences and scientific arguments to confirm the supposition that power knowledge may in fact provide a superior performance of those professionals that are in charge of management functions. The reason and results here presented allow to: reevaluate managers duties in private organizations, improve executive training programs so as to be more productive and appropriated, change the selection methods used to recognize such executives and finally suggest a reevaluation about the real adequation of graduation and master degree courses in regards to professionals graduation which are capable to ingress in business market and take over leadership positions.

A influência cultural na distância entre o discurso da qualidade total e a prática gerencial em instituições de ensino superior

O estudo procura identificar a influência cultural na distància entre o discurso do programa de Gestão pela Qualidade Total (GQT) e a prática gerencial de uma Instituição de Ensino Superior Caso (lESC), pois parecia haver uma incongruência entre os valores verbalmente expressos pela administração, compartilhados pelo conjunto dos colaboradores, e as práticas observadas na organização. Ou seja, havia uma lógica na articulação da prática gerencial que era incompatível com a lógica dos valores verbalmente expressos. Se acreditarmos, como Geertz (1989), que a análise do fenômeno cultural deve estar calcada sobre a observação do fluxo do comportamento, no qual cada ação é vista como uma ação simbólica, importa analisar fundamentalmente estas ações em seu contexto para compreender seu significado, e buscar então uma explicação para o fato destas práticas estarem incongruentes com o discurso. Para isto foram utilizados observações, entrevistas e questionários na instituição analisada, o que possibilitou verificar que sua relação com o ambiente legitimou práticas gerenciais convergentes com o estilo gerencial brasileiro, sendo possível constatar a intluência cultural na distància entre o discurso adotado pela lESC e sua prática gerencial

O paradoxo estratégico-gerencial do nosso tempo: a centralização de poder e a busca pela humanização das empresas

Esta dissertação objetiva transmitir subsídios não somente para um repensar estratégico bem como e, principalmente, para uma ampla visão da eterna dicotomia quanto a determinação de centralizar ou descentralizar o processo decisório e as atividades nas empresas. Considerando-se, o acirramento crescente da concorrência e a pressão econômica capitaneada pela mundialização dos produtos e serviços, como sendo os principais influenciadores desta inquietação. Será analisado o setor de comércio varejista, mais especificamente supermercados e hipermercados e, as razões e motivos pelos quais os seus executivos podem ter optado por conduzir suas organizações para um determinado posicionamento estratégico-gerencial bem como, às conseqüentes vantagens e desvantagens destas escolhas. As conclusões a serem obtidas com esta dissertação objetivam estimular a reflexão das organizações, profissionais e estudiosos acerca dos impactos tangíveis e intangíveis quando estiverem definindo ou reconsiderando o seu posicionamento estratégico-gerencial, e, ainda, levaram a macro-conclusão de que não existe um único modelo aplicável para todas as situações e que, infinitas configurações e aplicações podem ser consideradas. Palavras ¿ chaves: estratégia, centralização de poder, administração de aspectos conflitantes, fatores motivacionais e psicológicos, mudanças,transformações organizacionais e humanização das empresas.