214 resultados para Poder regulamentar, Brasil
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O objetivo deste artigo é verificar a influência de variáveis políticas na determinação da taxa de câmbio em quatro países latino-americanos que conviveram com elevada inflação e déficit em Transações Correntes nas décadas de setenta e oitenta. Estudos empíricos já haviam demonstrado a influência das eleições. Nenhum, porém, havia incorporado a estrutura de decisão do Executivo e Legislativo neste processo. Só foi possível incorporar o regime político (Autoritário/Democrático) e a divisão de poder no Legislativo de todos os países num modelo standard de taxa de câmbio porque utilizamos a técnica de painel. Obtivemos os seguintes resultados: países classificados como Autoritários apresentaram uma taxa de câmbio mais valorizada e Legislativos mais fragmentados apresentaram uma taxa de câmbio mais desvalorizada. Vimos este último resultado com desconfiança uma vez que, entre os países da amostra, o regime Autoritário era, em alguns casos, uma ditadura militar e o Legislativo pouco intervia nas decisões. Interagimos o regime político com fragmentação e percebemos que o efeito da classificação do regime predomina. No caso, se existir um regime Autoritário, o câmbio resultante da interação ainda será valorizado. A divisão de poder no Legislativo apenas provoca uma redução no impacto da valorização.
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This work is analyzing the challenges which the National Petrol Agency is facing to regulate the Petrol industry in Brazil after the Monopoly crash in the period between 1997 until 2005. Due to the necessities of adaptation of its political strategies to the rules which determine the international economic flows, Brazil was forced to use the Economic Regulation in order to control the market. The regulation established in Brazil is not indifferent to imperfect markets. Thus can be find a conflict of interests among companies, the government and consumers within this process of regulation. The established agency does not have enough autonomy for administrating a regulation. The State with its paternalism power does not allow the agency to fulfill its function for which it was established, even though its function was established by law. A regulating policy which is clearly defined will establish a strong and independent agency with a clear limitation of its competences, avoiding divergent interpretation which prioritizes investments and promotes economic development. The agency will have the challenge to regulate the companies that enter the sector, allowing the opening of the market for new initiatives of investments which contribute to the welfare of the country and breaking at the same time the monopoly that is lead by Petrobras since 1953. Combining a stable set of rules with agility in order to adapt to changes will provide the regulator with a great decision-making power. The flexibility in the regulation will improve the correcting of the rules that were set in the beginning, being more efficient, which are based on acquired experience and achieved results. The structure of the agency and the flexibility of the regulation should be orientated on the promotion of competition in order to achieve economic and social development.
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China and Brazil have got commercial potentials and strategic partnerships are desired from both sides, but in order to guarantee long term, stable relationship these countries must overcome barriers and obtain mutual gains. The objective of this study was to determine how one can overcome obstacles related to value creation, enhance of competitiveness and international deals in terms of Brazil-China commercial negotiation specifically for soy beans. The CEO of one of the biggest and most important international trading-companies has been contacted and mentioned problems faced by his company in terms of brazillian soy beans sale to chinese clients. Problems such as: the break up of legally based contracts, demanding public pressure, insufficient infra-structure in Brazil for production dispatching, cultural differences, lack of trust, power asymmetry were related and has been analyzed on this study. The perspective used on this study refers to elements, processes and forms of negotiation between these two continental giants.
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The press and the State had developed, in Brazil, a relation of interdependence. Press and broadcasting corporations depend on state money for its survival and politicians depend on the press and the exposition in the media to communicate with their electorate. This relation of proximity affects the elaboration of public policies for the sector. This study analyzes public policies for broadcasting and the press since 1964, when it was established in the country the military regimen, a mark of a deep reform in the Communications. Public policies are debated in line with two dimensions - one relative to the infrastructure needed by the Communications, and another referring to the content of information. Our conclusion clarifies the urgency of a revision in the laws that regulate the media, many of which are not applicable anymore, and questions the independence of Brazilian parliamentarians to proceed with the necessary reforms and to the discussion about new public policies for the sector.
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The purpose of this dissertation is to analyze the Casa Brasil Project and its contribution for promoting actions related to citizenship in Vitoria and Vila Velha cities. The essay was led through a theoretical discussion about citizenship, public space, social participation and public politics. Thereafter thematic interviews based on a non-probabilistic method were done with seventeen people such as public power representatives, organized civilian society and community. The speech analysis was used for data treatment. Some negative and positive aspects referred to citizenship and public power were identified. The aim of the research was checking if there is any encouragement to a genuine and consciousness participation of the society for the structure and continuous citizenship practice. The Casa Brasil Project experience in Vitoria and Vila Velha demonstrates that its sustainability and effectiveness depend on how interacted and committed the strategic stakeholders are, since the condition of local institutions influences the model of social mobilization and individual participation. Besides, this essay shows it is necessary: to improve the citizen involvement ¿ by implementing the board of directors, which assures public participation in order to stimulate the community to take the unity control ¿ to grant democratic feature to the public power, and to increase citizenship.
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This dissertation seeks to recognize the factors, which are relevant to the construction of the processes Government-to-Government (G2G), and how these factors influence the success of those processes. For this research, two existing cases in Banco Central do Brasil (Bacen) were used: i) the Banco Central do Brasil (BACEN) X Senado Federal case; and the Bacen x Poder Judiciário case. The framework of this dissertation is based on the methodology of multiple study cases described by Robert Yin (2001). This work analyzed separately each of the cases and compared the results obtained in each analysis. In this way, this research aimed at analyzing the reasons that led these cases to gain such distinct outcomes, despite the existing potential benefits in each one of them. The obtained results suggest that three factors influence the success of G2G processes in a relevant way: computational safety; the culture of the organizations involved; and the capacitation of people involved. Each of these factors, according to what results showed, bring a set of considerations which should be observed by the public administrator in relation to the strategies of implementation of G2G processes.
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Since electric power is an essential element in modern society, this paper analyzes the historic and institutional factors that have contributed to the formation and organization of the Brazilian electric sector, from the time when it started to be used in this country until the end of year 2002. This analysis is based on a linear description of historic facts, giving emphasis to crucial events ¿ or critical incidents, as they were called for the purpose of this paper. As to these happenings, the social actors who played an important role in the development of the Brazilian electric power sector were analyzed. An analytical model based on the theoretical references offered by the Institutional Theory was used. The study also highlights the elements that comprehend the development of the phenomenon in face of the ambivalence existing in a developing country, which is the case of the Brazilian electric power sector. The organizational fields that were established at the time determined by the main crucial incidents presented throughout the length of time covered by this study. The resources that the main social actors involved in the electric power sector may use by are also identified, as well as their main interests and level of influence these actors may have. Several documents were analyzed. The qualitative methodology was used. Also, many semi-structured in-depth interviews of the people who have made the history of this sector for reliability were conducted. Finally, this study includes the main elements that have shaped the institutional model of the Brazilian electric sector. It also characterizes the external environment as the element which has most influenced the sector and has also led its way throughout the different developmental phases, especially with respect to funding. The growing rates of power consumption indicate the need for a constant increase in the supply of electric power to meet the needs of society and economic development. This requires constant investment. Lack of investment is a limiting factor. Not only does it hinder the development of the country but it may also result in very unfortunate mishaps such as electric power rationing, such as the kind we had to endure a while ago.
Resumo:
The aim of the present study is to analyze the evolution of the historical and institutional elements that generate the current design of the private health market in Brazil. Its main theoretical basis is the Theory of the Symbolic Power, by Pierre Bourdieu, complemented, in the non-conflictive aspects of these two visions, by the Anthony Giddens¿ institutional vision on the field genesis motivational factors. The research¿ data were collected through documents and semi structured interviews during 2002 e 2003 period, involving the qualitative analyze due to understand the field¿s phenomena under an actors¿ perspective. The research identifies the several players that integrate the market, their evident strategic goals, and those that are not so, besides of the powers¿ resources used to reach them, by DiMaggio and Powell¿ vision. Thus, it tries to show, through a historic linear description, and emphasis in the determinant facts, the evolution of the market¿s constitution. The study demonstrates that the field had formed from several Estate¿ actions, basically after the past seventy¿ decade, as result of a alternative Government¿ strategy towards a Brazilian population¿s dissemination plan of health¿ services that enforced the institutionalization of isomorphic structures, with a strong internal interaction and a hierarchy between kinds of values, that had emphasized the health¿ symbol as a citizenship¿s value. In the end, the study estimates that the crescent longevity¿ Brazilian¿s population and the consequent work¿s dismiss may cause a private health¿ elitism conforming a future problem in this sensible segment of the social politics of the Brazilian government.
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This work intends to analyze the influence of the power in the process of quality improvement in managerial organizations, being taken based on a case study regarding to a company of medium load placed in the southeast area of Brazil which in the intention of solving difficulties in inserting its products in the market, it opted to implement quality programs. The data were collected through observations and bibliographical researches about the company, where the author participated as employee for a close period of 6 years. The results indicate that the imported methodologies of administration ¿ as it is the case of the quality models ¿ cannot produce the expected results, when these methodologies are implemented by ignoring cultural factors, mainly related to form as the power is shared and practiced in the organizations.
Resumo:
o objetivo dessa dissertação é conhecer as relações de poder - fonnais e informais - existentes na Rede Ferroviária Federal S.A., em liquidação (RFFSA) e aquelas que atuam sobre a empresa. Para isso, foi utilizado o Método Etnográfico, observando-se de forma participante a cultura da empresa, complementando assim o levantamento bibliográfico sobre o Estado, sobre a burocracia - especialmente o hibridismo das empresas estatais - e sobre as relações de poder entre esses no Brasil. Concluiu-se que: os funcionários de uma empresa em liquidação não são facilmente motivados e trabalham contra os objetivos organizacionais, já que se apresenta um conflito de interesses; como o processo de liquidação da RFFSA é longo, as relações de poder infonnais se fortificam com o intuito de que a estratégia organizacional não tenha sucesso; a comunicação entre lideres e liderados não atenua os conflitos entre os objetivos organizacionais e de Recursos Humanos, dado que os empregados manipulam o discurso como forma de resistência à liquidação. De forma mais genérica, recomenda-se a redução da ingerência político-partidária na burocracia estatal, por meio de uma refonna administrativa que considere o aspecto cultural do serviço público, podendo se desenvolver a idéia de "accountability" entre os servidores.
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Com a maIOr interação entre povos, culturas e nações e a conseqüente abertura dos mercados, a concorrência entre as organizações tem aumentado consideravelmente, forçando-as a buscarem diferenciais que lhes garantam a criação e a manutenção de altos níveis de competitividade. A presença de algumas das técnicas de flexibilização do processo formal de formulação de estratégias pode ser um indicativo de maior preocupação das empresas com a instabilidade externa, porém, sem necessariamente, dar à organização o poder de adaptar-se continuamente às possíveis alterações. o presente estudo pretende analisar o caso da Transportadora Brasileira Gasoduto BolíviaBrasil sob o prisma das teorias de Motta, Mintzberg e Grant verificando se o processo de formulação de estratégias da citada organização se caracteriza pela criação de estratégias emergentes ou deliberadas e se demonstra flexibilidade diante do ambiente externo.
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This work intends to study the relationship between Brazilian Internal Public Debt mix and Mutual Funds. In the theoretical framework, the discussion about liquidity preference theories implies considering risk averse investors. Portfolio selection is also discussed, particularly Markowitz efficient frontier. Historical data from November of 1999 to December of 2004 of Brazilian Internal Public Debt mix and Mutual Funds portfolio are analyzed. Official goals concerning Public Debt's mix and its actual composition are presented, as well as Mutual Fund preferences as buyers of public debt securities. Time series of three securities (LFT, LTN and NTN-C) in Public Debt mix and Mutual Funds portfolio are compared and a similar behavior is identified. Relevant facts of the macroeconomic context which may have affected Public Debt or Mutual Funds are discussed. Some indications of a possible influence of Mutual Funds upon Public Debt Mix are obtained and hypothesis to be tested in future studies are proposed.
Direitos humanos e Poder Judiciário: Federalização, Lei Maria da Penha e Juizados Especiais Federais
Resumo:
A partir de uma parceria com o Escritório do Brasil da Fundação Ford, o Centro de Justiça e Sociedade apresentou aos alunos de um de seus cursos de Especialização em Poder Judiciário — realizado em parceria com a Escola da Magistratura Regional Federal da 2ª Região — o desafio de pesquisar e escrever sobre temas vitais de direitos humanos diretamente conectados ao Poder Judiciário, quais sejam: a Lei Maria da Penha e a violência contra a mulher; a Federalização das graves violações de direitos humanos; e o acesso à Justiça nos Juizados Especiais Federais. Dessas parcerias institucionais e desse desafio acadêmico resultou a presente coletânea de artigos. É o produto de um esforço institucional e, sobretudo, de uma reflexão preocupada com a garantia e a efetividade dos direitos humanos. Como qualquer outro livro, merece ser lido com o espírito crítico e a desconfiança epistemológica que deve marcar o processo democrático de construção do conhecimento. Ao final, possui a característica de toda a obra engajada: a esperança num mundo melhor.
Resumo:
Esta tese teve como objetivo entender em que condições se dá o processo de interação entre o trabalho e três sistemas de informação (SIs) utilizados em duas instituições bancárias no Brasil. Procurei compreender como os sistemas de informação são reconstruídos por seus usuários, nas práticas do trabalho, e como o trabalho é modificado pela inserção de novos sistemas. Utilizando procedimentos metodológicos baseados no estruturalismo, busquei a estrutura que subjaz às práticas adotadas pelos agentes, associadas aos sistemas e ao trabalho. A coleta de dados para a pesquisa foi realizada com base em 46 entrevistas semi-estruturadas realizadas com gestores de TI e usuários, pela observação do contexto organizacional e pelo exame de documentos referentes aos sistemas. Na análise dos dados, o diagnóstico e o estudo de 11 práticas me permitiram identificar quais as mais relevantes para a interação entre os agentes e os dispositivos, no que se refere a reconstruções de SIs e a modificações sobre o trabalho. Identifiquei, na pesquisa empírica, uma estrutura de arranjo operacional, que assegura a interação entre agentes e sistemas. Esse arranjo tem a forma de uma retícula de sobreposição das práticas, uma rede de relações. As práticas, em isolado, não garantem a interação entre o sistema e o trabalho. Essa interação é assegurada pela composição entre as práticas. Da interpretação desta estrutura manifesta, identifiquei uma estrutura subjacente à interação entre os sistemas e o trabalho. Alcancei-a buscando as explicações para cada prática. Nestas explicações, identifiquei conjuntos de elementos de poder e resistência, de confluência de interesses individuais e organizacionais e de conformismo e conformidade dos agentes com o que foi instituído pela organização. A análise destes conjuntos de elementos me permitiu chegar à tese sustentada por esta pesquisa: a interação entre os sistemas de informação e o trabalho é definida por uma estrutura de conversão recíproca. Esta conversão se dá pela humanização dos sistemas e pela tecnicização do trabalho. O ajustamento continuado, presente entre os sistemas de informação e o trabalho, faz com que a tecnologia se torne mais adequada ao contexto e que as pessoas estejam mais bem preparadas para lidar com a tecnologia. A estrutura de conversão recíproca tem a forma de um oroborus, a serpente que engole ou vomita a própria cauda e simboliza o que se regenera, se recria. Tal como o oroburus, a estrutura de conversão recíproca é uma auto-reconstrução.