Memória ferroviária : da mobilização social à política pública de patrimônio

Esta tese tem como objetivo o estudo do processo de construção e apropriação do passado ferroviário e da transformação da memória ferroviária como objeto de política pública, sobretudo após a edição da Lei no 11.483/2007. O estudo aborda os papeis desempenhados por agentes sociais diversos, como as associações de preservação ferroviárias (APF), a Rede Ferroviária Federal (RFFSA) e o Instituto do Patrimônio Histórico e Artístico Nacional (Iphan), e suas estratégias de ressignificação e objetificação do passado ferroviário, processo que teve início ainda na década de 1970. A pesquisa descreve a implantação da malha ferroviária brasileira, de maneira a contextualizar a extinção da RFFSA, em 2007; aborda o surgimento e evolução das APFs, e descreve a atuação da Rede na preservação e salvaguarda do passado da ferrovia por meio da análise do Programa de Preservação do Patrimônio Histórico Ferroviário (Preserfe). Por fim, a tese se debruça sobre a atuação do Iphan, recorrendo à análise dos processos de tombamentos de bens ferroviários e ao estudo dos desdobramentos da Lei no 11.483/2007 no interior do órgão. O movimento de valorização do passado ferroviário contribui para os debates acerca dos processos de apropriação e patrimonialização do passado.

Tributação de energia elétrica e bem-estar social: uma análise regional

Os reflexos da tributação sobre o setor elétrico ultrapassam as questões meramente arrecadatórias de estados, municípios e União, envolvem toda a produção do país e o bem-estar de sua população. Neste contexto, e com o intuito de trazer as questões de eficiência e redistributividade ao ambiente de tributação de energia elétrica, o presente trabalho pretende apresentar um panorama da tributação atual do consumo residencial de energia elétrica, principalmente em relação ao ICMS, juntamente com um cálculo simplificado de alíquotas considerando dois modelos de tributação ótima, estabelecidos por F. R. Ramsey e Diamond e Mirrlees, a partir dos quais é possível realizar comparações em relação ao modelo atual e sintetizar uma visão nacional de uma tributação realizada em sua maior parte regionalmente. O primeiro modelo considera apenas eficiência na definição das alíquotas aplicadas aos produtos, partindo da premissa de que todos os consumidores são idênticos e não há preocupações com equidade. As elasticidades necessárias para aplicação do critério de Ramsey são estimadas a partir de dados em painel das 64 distribuidoras de energia elétrica do país, utilizando um modelo em dois estágios com variável instrumental. O segundo modelo, proposto por Diamond e Mirrlees, incorpora a equidade na modelagem, introduzindo a diferenciação entre os indivíduos.

Social entrepreneurship practices and social change In Brazil: a qualitative study in three non-governmental organizations

Social Entrepreneurship (SE) has attracted growing interest from a wide variety of actors over the last 30 years, especially due to a general agreement that it could be an important tool for tackling many of the world’s social ills. In the academic sphere, this growing interest did not translate into a matured field of study. Quite the opposite, a quick look at this literature makes it evident that: SE has been consistently subjected to numerous theoretical discussions and disagreements, especially over the definition of the concept of SE which is often based on a taken-for-granted notion of social change; it has been more systematically investigated in restricted contexts, often leaving aside so called developing/emerging countries like Brazil and especially lacking in-depth qualitative studies; SE literature lags behind SE practices and few studies focus on how SE actually occurs in a daily and bottom-up manner. In order to address such gaps, this thesis examines how social entrepreneurship practices accomplish social change in the context of Brazil. In this investigation I conducted an inductive practice-based, qualitative/ethnographic study in three Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) located in different cities in the Brazilian state of São Paulo. Data collection lasted from February 2014 until March 2015 and was mainly done through participant observations and through in-depth unstructured conversations with research participants. Secondary data and documents were also collected whenever available. The participants of this study included a variety of the studied organizations’ stakeholders: two founders, volunteers, employees, donors and beneficiaries. Observation data was kept in fieldnotes, conversations were recorded whenever possible and were later transcribed. Data was analyzed through an iterative thematic analysis. Through this I identified eight recurrent themes in the data: (1) structure; (2) relationship with other organizational actors (sub-themes: relationship with state, relationship with businesses and relationship with other NGOs); (3) beliefs, spirituality and moral authority; (4) social position of participants, (5) stakeholders’ mobilization and participation; (6) feelings; (7) social purpose; and (8) social change. These findings were later discussed under the lens of practice theory, and in this discussion I argue and show that, in the context studied: (a) even though SE embraces a wide variety of different social purposes, they are intertwined with a common notion of social change based on a general understanding and aspiration for social equality; (b) this social change is accomplished in a processual and ongoing manner as stakeholders from antagonistic social groups felt compelled to and participated in SE practices. In answering the proposed research question the contributions of this thesis are: (i) the elaboration a working definition for SE based on its relationship with social change; (ii) providing in-depth empirical evidence which accounts for and explains this relationship; (iii) characterizing SE in the Brazilian context and reflecting upon its transferability to other contexts. This thesis also makes a methodological contribution, for it demonstrates how thematic analysis can be used in practice-based studies.

Content marketing and brand engagement on social media: a study of Facebook´s posts in the ecommerce industry in Brazil

Content marketing refers to marketing format that involves the creation and sharing of media and publishing content in order to acquire customers. It is focused not on selling, but on communicating with customers and prospects. In today world´s, a trend has been seen in brands becoming publishers in order to keep up with their competition and more importantly to keep their base of fans and followers. Content Marketing is making companies to engage consumers by publishing engaging and value-filled content. This study aims to investigate if there is a link between brand engagement and Facebook Content Marketing practices in the e-commerce industry in Brazil. Based on the literature review, this study defines brand engagement on Facebook as the numbers of "likes" "comments" and "shares" that a company receives from its fans. These actions reflect the popularity of the brand post and leads to engagement. The author defines a scale where levels of Content Marketing practices are developed in order to analyze brand posts on Facebook of an ecommerce company in Brazil. The findings reveal that the most important criterion for the company is the one regarding the picture of the post, where it examines whether the photo content is appealing to the audience. Moreover, it was perceived that the higher the level of these criterion in a post, the greater the number of likes, comments and shares the post receives. The time when a post is published does not present a significant role in determining customer engagement and the most important factor within a publication is to reach the maximum level in the Content Marketing Scale.

Projetos públicos compartilhados na visão de gerentes de uma agência de fomento em infraestrutura social

O objetivo da presente dissertação é descrever, a partir da visão dos gerentes de uma agência pública de fomento de infraestrutura social; de que forma os projetos públicos compartilhados podem ser mais eficientes com a adoção de ferramentas de gerenciamento de projetos. Para tanto, foi desenvolvido um estudo em três etapas: na primeira foram realizados observações e levantamento de evidências no ambiente de trabalho dos gerentes visando entender os projetos públicos compartilhados em suas circunstâncias. Na segunda etapa, foi aplicado um Survey exploratório em dois grupos: o “grupo agência”, formado apenas com gerentes da agência de fomento e o “grupo controle” composto por gerentes do setor privado e de outras empresas públicas, de modo a perceber como se comporta a opinião de cada grupo sobre os temas estudados. A terceira etapa consistiu em entrevistas abertas e semi-estruturadas com gerentes da agência de fomento, e posterior análise de conteúdo das falas, para o entendimento das questões propostas. Os resultados indicaram que: (i) o uso das ferramentas de gerenciamento aumenta a eficiência da execução dos projetos; (ii) as ferramentas utilizadas, como o Quadro Lógico e algumas ferramentas sugeridas pelo Guia PMBOK, permitiram uma visão clara dos objetivos do projeto, inclusive por parte dos parceiros regionais, além de garantir maior padronização de procedimentos; (iii) o uso da ferramenta Quadro Lógico ampliou a capacidade de mensuração dos resultados dos projetos, facilitando o seu monitoramento, e (iv) reduzindo os conflitos e a interferência política regional.

Impact assessment and quality analysis of corporate social responsability (CSR) programs of mining companies and their contribution to sustainable development in the communities they operate: case study Tenke Fungurume Mining SA in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC)

Purpose – This case study presents an impact assessment of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) programs of the TFM Company in order to understand how they contribute to the sustainable development of communities in areas in which they operate. Design/Methodology/Approach - Data for this study was collected using qualitative data methods that included semi-structured interviews and Focus Group Discussions most of them audio and video recorded. Documentary analysis and a field visit were also undertaken for the purpose of quality analysis of the CSR programs on the terrain. Data collected was analyzed using the Seven Questions to sustainability (7Qs) framework, an evaluation tool developed by the Mining, Minerals and Sustainable Development (MMSD) North America chapter. Content analysis method was on the other hand used to examine the interviews and FGDs of the study participants. Findings - Results shows that CSR programs of TFM SA do contribute to community development, as there have been notable changes in the communities’ living conditions. But whether they have contributed to sustainable development is not yet the case as programs that enhance the capacity of communities and other stakeholders to support these projects development beyond the implementation stage and the mines operation lifetime need to be considered and implemented. Originality/Value – In DRC, there is paucity of information of research studies that focus on impact assessment of CSR programs in general and specifically those of mining companies and their contribution to sustainable development of local communities. Many of the available studies cover issues of minerals and conflict or conflict minerals as mostly referred to. This study addressees this gap.