239 resultados para Comunicação - Inovações tecnológicas
Resumo:
The main purpose of this paper is to give a wide vision about science parks, technology parks, incubators and technology based firms and to show the Brazilian experience on these subjects. This kind of enterprises is considered one of the most important local and regional development instruments in the present. They demand actions to strengthen the links between firms, R&D centers, universities and governments, especially, local governments. Furthermore, the venture capital firms have an important role to play in these new approach to further the regional and local development through technological innovations. This paper emphasizes the importance of the venture capital and the strategic alliances to support this new approaches and shows that the lack of these instruments in Brazilian environment is one of the main problem of these technology based enterprises.
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O objetivo principal desta pesquisa é investigar como a inovação tecnológica ajuda a moldar estratégias, para obtenção de vantagens competitivas sustentáveis, em um contexto de globalização. Com base em extensa revisão bibliográfica, compreendendo competitividade, tecnologia, estratégia e alianças estratégicas é explorado o fenômeno da inovação tecnológica e sua inserção na gestão estratégica de quatro empresas dos setores de celulose, siderurgia, químico-farmacêutico e de aplicações médicas da energia nuclear. Inicialmente, o conceito de competitividade e a estrutura industrial brasileira são analisados a luz de três modelos distintos. Também é realizada uma avaliação do conceito de competências essenciais das organizações e arquiteturas estratégicas. Posteriormente é avaliada a relação entre vantagem competitiva e inovação tecnológica e as dimensões estratégicas da tecnologia. Finalmente são descritas as escolas de pensamento estratégico e as relações entre alianças estratégicas e transferência de tecnologia. São analisadas as características estruturais e competitivas de cada um dos setores estudados, bem como apresentados perfis das empresas representantes de cada setor. Os dados de cada uma das empresas foram obtidos por meio de entrevistas semi-estruturadas. Os resultados são analisados individualmente e posteriormente consolidados. Os resultados do estudo permitiram identificar que a variável tecnológica é inserida na gestão estratégica das empresas em três níveis distintos. O primeiro nível é o de análise; o segundo é o de decisões estratégicas e finalmente o terceiro nível é o de implementação estratégica. Também foram identificadas as fontes de tecnologia normalmente utilizadas pelas organizações objeto do estudo. Por fim, é sugerido que o modelo de estrutura industrial de Porter pode receber contribuições no sentido de incorporar as estratégias cooperativas das empresas por meio de indicadores de cooperatividade.
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The major purpose of this thesis is to verify, from a Brazilian perspective, how global and contextual issues influence the management learning in Multinationals. The management learning derived from the interaction of holding and sidiaries/colligates of Multinational corporation is supposed to be subject to convergent and divergent forces, the former related to global and standardized organizational practices, and the latter, is seen as a social practice subject to cultural and organizational singularities. A model was constructed to relate the dichotomy between the universality of the management practices and technologies and the particularity of the contexts where they operate, to the dichotomy between the singularities in organization and national level. This model is composed of the international, global, managerial and inter-organizational dimensions related, respectively, to the cultural and political diversity; to the universal forces of practices and values; to the managerial capabilities and resources in the organization, consolidated as best practices and to the interaction between holding and subsidiaries and the resulted learning. The combined result of these dimensions influences the knowledge flow and the learning derived from it. The field research was constituted of five cases of internationalized Brazilian firms, with a solid experience in their management systems. The main subjects of this study were executives and ofessionals/managers who respond to the management development. The data were first collected in the headquarters and complemented with visits to subsidiaries/joint ventures in other countries, in loco or with expatriated people who return to Brazil. The central supposition was validated. So, the management learning ¿ is driven by the global capitalism practices and by the global culture where they are immersed, reproducing a hegemonic vision and a common language (global dimension); ¿ incorporates the more propagated and dominant managerial values, although there are some variations when they are applied in the subsidiaries/joint ventures; is the product of the assimilation of international recognized and planned managerial practices, with the acculturation power, although not completely; is the result mainly of the managerial practice in work; is impacted not only by cross-cultural and managerial factors, but also by the business environment of the firm; is given according to the capabilities and resources in the organization, guiding the form of assimilation of practices and technologies, with global application or not (managerial dimension); ¿ is affected by the cross-cultural diversity involving the countries of the holding and the subsidiaries/joint ventures where the firm is and is given as a reproduction of the political context of the holding and subsidiaries countries (international dimension); ¿ faces aligned concurrent institutional pressures between corporate or global systems, practices of other subsidiaries/joint ventures and local practices; is more difficult to reach when there is not permeability between organizational cultures and identities of a Multinational firm; is affected by how much the relationship process across these unities is self-referenced; is facilitated by the construction and improvement of the knowledge network (interorganizational dimension). Finally some contributions of this study are exposed, including extensions of the proposed model and suggestions, recommendations for future research.
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This study proposes and uses a multipolar qualitative methodology for the investigation of the meanings of corporate work under the impact of the technical-scientific knowledge. Based on the constructionist epistemology and on a heideggerian approach, this methodology made possible the description of such phenomenon under the Management perspective, but also under the Psychology, Sociology and Philosophy views. Study starts with empirical data, collected by interviews and in publications, and analyzes them based on conceptual contributions from the four referred poles. As a result, this investigation proposes reflexivity, impermanence and entanglement as meanings of the corporate work that culminate in the paradoxical work. It also demonstrates that the impact of knowledge occurs in a reflexive spiral of complexification, continuously affecting individuals and work processes; describes the impermanent character of the work ruled by time, by neophilia and by uncertainties that make precarious the very subjective experience of worker; and proposes that this work becomes entangled due to the way it is managed, and is an entangling work, for embarrassing the individual in its techniques, logics and dissonances. The paradoxical essence that emerges from this appreciation of corporate work is described on the following scopes: its reflexivity does not prevent its rationality to be fragile; its dynamism coexists with the difficulty to achieve substantive organizational changes; its entanglement compromises the possibilities of an apparently reachable well-being; its focus on present ends up to be emptied; and its purpose of individual sustenance becomes unsustainable due to hyperconsumption. But the conclusions of the study do no describe a definitive phenomenon. At the ending, it points out possibilities of living with the paradoxical work as well as possibilities of its transformation.
Resumo:
Este trabalho estuda os impactos dos avanços tecnológicos da atualidade sobre as várias dimensões da sociedade suas conseqüências para Estado. Os avanços tecnológicos são grupados ao longo de cinco vertentes históricas: infomação, transportes, fabricação, energia biotecnologia. As dimensões da sociedade são estabelecidas como sendo: econômica, social, política, tecnológica militar. Utilizando as vertentes tecnológicas como as componentes da dimensão tecnológica se sistematiza análise dos impactos destas novas tecnologias sobre as demais dimensões. análise desta matriz de impacto serve de base para estabelecer os principais desafios possibilidades da sociedade do Estado num futuro próximo. Finalmente, estudo das possibilidades futuras feito através da técnica de cenários, onde se estabelecem duas variáveis chave, que resultam em quatro cenários, apresentados também de forma pictórica.
Resumo:
A introdução dos computadores pessoais no ambiente de trabalho provocou uma verdadeira revolução. Como tal, os rumos a serem tomados pelas organizações, tanto na administração de seus negócios, quanto no gerenciamento de seus recursos, nem sempre se mostraram claros. O presente trabalho contempla duas vertentes: a primei~a, prende-se à preocupação com os fundamentos teóricos da Informática, razão pela qual a Cibernética e a Tecnologia da Informação foram estudadas, como forma de se garantir os efeitos desejados da nova tecnologia; a segunda, a preocupação com o elemento humano e suas relações com as tarefas, com o computador, com o mercado de trabalho e suas expectativas. Os dados revelados pela pesquisa de campo realizada pode e deve abrir outras perspectivas de investigação, com o intuito de se maximizar a utilização dos computadores em prol de um aumento da qualidade gerencial das organizações.
Resumo:
Virtual, cellular, modular, organic, holographic, networked enterprise. This is a new kind of organizational structure of growing importance inside of the enterprises that are looking for new models, attending to the requirements of flexibility, celerity and competitiveness. Requirements to the business of the future, for the new times of moving cycles, each time faster and faster. In that context, technological, cultural, strategic and human aspects are remodelled inside of the context of the called 'Information Era'. The objective of this work is to research how business, specially the Brazilians, are getting ready to be the 'organizations or enterprises' of the future. On the perspective of a virtual organization, throughout the flexibility, celerity and based on knowledge. Especially the Brazilian telecommunication industry, living the post privatization phase, which is in a process of organizational reestructuration, seeking to increase its competition in the globalized market. That is why, the analysis focus on Telemar, one of the largest in terms of geographic covering and investment power in the market and with essentially national shareholders.
Resumo:
The construct Technology Readiness (TR) and its instrument of measure Technology Readiness Index (TRI) defined by Parasuraman (2000), refer to people¿s propensity to adopt digital technological products and services. The TR can be viewed as an overall state of mind resulting from mental drivers and inhibitors related to optimism, innovativeness, discomfort and insecurity. These facets combine into a complex way for produce distinct groups of individuals (explorers, pioneers, skeptics, paranoids and laggards) with different traits of behaviors connected to the adoption of technological products and service. This study had as its objective to evaluate the applicability of the TRI in the Brazilian context, through the replication of the scale on a sample of 336 adults consumers (168 men and 168 women) resident in the state of the Rio de Janeiro, segmented by age groups, educational level and monthly family income. The results show that, in the sample analyzed, as culturally the technology is linked to values of a male society, men presented a higher propensity in adopting technological products and services than women. However, this hypothesis was not confirmed in the analysis segmented by age groups.
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The concern with the environment is not a recent phenomenon, however, during some time the quarrel over ambient elements did not succeed to reach similar importance as subjects like productivity and quality. The diagnosis of ambient problems with serious consequences in the whole world contributed to renew the concern with the environment and the ambient element acquired high importance in daily activities and in the activities of manufacture and commerce. During many years the ambient politics and regulations were seen as limits to the production or expansion of the productive activities. In the present work we developed a study which demonstrates, in fact this picture is not real. Therefore it is possible to act in efficient considering ambient and economics. A concept that searchs to add efficiency in operations, productiveness and economics to the respect with the environment is the ecoefficiency. In the present work a study of case in the area of ecoefficiency was developed and presents some innovations developed and adopted in the oil industry that had contributed for the company to reach greater efficiency using natural resources, with lesser losses and greater production of demanded derivatives of oil and thus contributing for higher productive, economic and ambient efficiency.
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Tendo em vista as mudanças nos processos das organizações, e na forma de gestão e gerência das equipes para acompanharem tais mudanças, o objetivo desta dissertação é identificar quais ferramentas da administração podem ser utilizadas pelos gestores para facilitar este processo de mudança, aumentando a produtividade das pessoas e processos de uma área de Tecnologia da Informação (TI). Adicionalmente, nesta dissertação, busca-se verificar se as ferramentas de administração das três primeiras décadas do século XX, período em que o paradigma Fordista se fazia muito presente, e das três últimas décadas deste mesmo século, período marcado pelo paradigma da Flexibilização, ainda são utilizadas para gestão da área de TI de uma empresa em que todo o seu processo produtivo está baseado em sistemas e equipamentos controlados por computadores. O estudo é fundamentado por uma seção empírica, na qual se relata um caso real, focalizando as transformações ocorridas na área de TI da empresa Infoglobo Comunicações, onde processos importantes da área foram alterados para adequar a produtividade e qualidade dos serviços prestados pela área aos novos patamares definidos pela Diretoria da empresa.
Resumo:
As organizações - reproduzindo e aperfeiçoando a fónnula de substituição do trabalho do século XIX - estão investindo em novos modelos de gestão e tecnologias modernas, com o objetivo de reduzir seus custos, aperfeiçoar os seus produtos e agilizar os seus serviços. Sentindo a necessidade de se inserir nesse contexto~ o Estado, assim entendido como um todo, e, especialmente, o Poder Judiciário do Estado do Espírito Santo, tem buscado adaptar-se a tais mudanças, visto que o seu modelo administrativo e jurisdicional há muito tempo encontra-se ultrapassado, necessitando de novas abordagens. Entretanto, muitas têm sido as resistências à modernização administrativa e tecnológica, tanto por parte de uma corrente de juristas tradicionalistas, que, constantemente promovem um movimento de retomo a padrões e conceitos antigos, quanto pela escassez de recursos financeiros . A inovação envolve sempre o elemento de incerteza e, embora a história da humanidade detenha, durante a sua trajetória, registros de inovações em modelos de gestão e significativos avanços tecnológicos, atualmente eles vêm exigindo um maior percentual de conhecimentos diversificados, quebrando paradigmas que influenciam no comportamentodas organizações/instituições, num processo irreversível de crescimento dinâmico. A relevância desta pesquisa residiu em analisar o modelo de gestão e a inovação tecnológica do Poder Judiciário do Estado do Espírito Santo, a partir das transformações mundiais, além da sua importância nos mecanismos jurisdicionais, seja instantaneamente ou após um período de aprendizado combinado com a aceitação da inovação. Pretendeu-se, ainda, conhecer os efeitos dessas mudanças na cultura da instituição, tais como possíveis causas de resistência.
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This dissertation presents a research aimed at identifying and explaining the individual perceptions as far as the introduction of computer technology concerning the organization change process and the reason underlying those changes, utilizing for study purposes, a customer attendance agency of INSS , located in São Luís-MA, which data collection was carried out by interviews with three managers and application of to thirty employees, all of them working at the unit researched. The core point was to identify feelings and perceptions of individuals, and the reason steering the change actions deployed in this office. Based on this perception, it is presented a literature review on the main thinkers who discussed the role, and the relevance of reasoning in the development of human relations, both in the organizations and in society. To start with, Max Weber thinking on rationality was introduced, on the sequence, the discussion raised by the Frankfurt School in its first phase, mainly on the Max Horkheimer thinking and finally it is shown a summary of Jurgen Habermas thinking, mainly concerning its communicative action theory proposed as a path to emancipation of individual of current instrumental reasoning. Summing up, we can conclude from this research that perceptions, feelings and opinions indicate that the institution uses to discuss with the civil servants the implementation of change process. For those servants the excessive functional control, the limitation of knowledge production and an artificial functional integration are consequences of the shape and intensity, as well as of computer technologies deployed in the institution. It is also shared by most of civil servants, including managers, that the overall participation would have more validity and would decrease the resistance to those changes. And it is also worth registering that despite of the servants having job stability, only 50% have positive expectations as far as its future in the institution.
Resumo:
O estudo em tela buscou verificar o nível de exigência das organizações no que se refere aos requisitos individuais dos candidatos a emprego, intermediados pelo SINE/RJ, nos processos de recrutamento promovidos no universo de atuação da SETRAB - Secretaria de Estado do Trabalho do Rio de Janeiro. Este meio foi utilizado por ser o SINE/RJ o principal e mais importante instrumento de encaminhamento de candidatos a emprego do Estado. O fato de haver necessidade de promover este tipo de serviço, torna o SINE/RJ um importante órgão social e fonte significativa de dados para pesquisas desta natureza. Verificou-se que certos requisitos permanecem valorizados, como escolaridade e experiência por exemplo, e outros surgem como novidade demonstrando mudança - morar próximo ao local de trabalho e ser jovem. Além destes aspectos, verificou-se que há diversas correntes de pensamento sobre as causas do desemprego, de dificultadores da empregabilidade. Assim, também se pode considerar que as organizações valorizam o cargo mais flexível e que a depender do nível, falar inglês e dominar a informática podem, de certa forma, favorecer o aproveitamento do candidato, ou seja, certa corrente de pensamento aponta para a qualificação como forma de vencer a escassez de vagas. Já outros afirmam que o problema é conjuntural e, a não ser que se modifique a estrutura econômica, será difícil empregar todos os que procuram trabalho. Uma terceira corrente afirma que o momento é de transição e que a "mão invislvel do mercado logo ajustará as coisas". Afirmam estes que a tecnologia acaba com empregos arcaicos, mas cria outros na mesma proporção. São então pontos de vista que na verdade são colocados de acordo com a ideologia dos estudiosos. São hipóteses aceitas por certos setores específicos da mídia e daqueles que buscam respostas para o que ora aflige, e isso é um fato, grande parcela da sociedade brasileira. No caso específico do SINE/RJ, órgão governamental, a expectativa é que a partir do conhecimento factual da realidade, possam ser empreendi- das ações no sentido de favorecer à colocação da mão-de-obra ociosa e ávida por uma oportunidade de emprego. A Secretaria Estadual do Trabalho promove ações de treinamento e qualificação de pessoal com o intuito de facilitar o acesso de desempregados a cargos que, muitas vezes, deixam de ser preenchidos por falta de pessoas preparadas para ocupá-los. Pode-se concluir que dentre as diversas formas de ver o problema, há na verdade uma certa concorrência de causas para o estabelecimento da situação atual. O fato é que algo precisa ser feito para amenizar o que DEJOURS (1999) denomina de "Banalização da Injustiça Sociar e, por ser uma quarta corrente, também deve merecer a atenção das autoridades, em ações sociais facilitadoras do acesso e manutenção das pessoas no mercado de trabalho. Esta corrente (que além de DEJOURS, tem outros adeptos), trata o assunto como sendo algo não aleatório mas intencional. Para esta linha de pensamento, o desemprego é algo deliberado, com intuitos econômicos, além de uma certa dose de crueldade social. Enfim, espera-se que os dirigentes sejam sensibilizados e possa haver solução para este tipo de dificuldade social.
Resumo:
This dissertation aims at examining empirical evidences obtained in the light of taxonomies and strategies for measuring firms technological capabilities and innovation in the context of developing countries, motivated by the fact that debates and studies directed to innovation has been intensified, for the last thirty years, by the recognition of its vital and growing importance to the technological, economic, competitive and industrial development of firms and countries. Two main tendencies can be identified on this debate. At one side, it¿s the literature related to the developed countries logic, whose companies are, in majority, positioned at the technological frontier, characterized by the domain of innovative advanced capabilities, directed to its sustaining, deepening and renewal. At the other side, there are the perspectives directed to the developing countries reality, where there is a prevalence of companies with deficiency of resources, still in process of accumulating basic and intermediate technological capabilities, with characteristics and technological development trajectories distinct or even reverse from those of developing countries. From this last tradition of studies, the measuring approaches based in C&T indicators and in types and levels of technological capabilities stand out. The first offers a macro level, aggregated perspective, through the analysis of a representative sample of firms, seeking to the generation of internationally comparable data, without addressing the intraorganizational specificities and nuances of the paths of technological accumulation developed by the firms, using, mostly, R&D statistics, patents, individual qualifications, indicators that carry their own limitations. On the other hand, studies that examine types and levels of technological capabilities are scarce, usually directed to a small sample of firms and/or industrial sectors. Therefore, in the light of the focus and potentialities of each of the perspectives, this scenario exposes a lack of studies that examine, in a parallel and complementary way, both types of strategies, seeking to offer more realistic, consistent and concrete information about the technological reality of developing countries. In order to close this gap, this dissertation examines (i) strategies of innovation measurement in the contexts of developing countries based on traditional approaches and C&T indicators, represented by four innovation surveys - ECIB, PINTEC, PAEP and EAI, and, (ii) from the perspective of technological capabilities as an intrinsic resource of the firm, the development of which occurs in a cumulative way and based on learning, presents and extracts generalizations of empirical applications of a metric that identifies types and levels of technological capabilities, through a dynamic and intra-firm perspective. The exam of the empirical evidences of the two approaches showed what each one of the metrics are capable to offer and the way they can contribute to the generation of information that reflect the technological development of specific industrial sectors in developing countries. In spite of the fact that the focus, objective, perspective, inclusion, scope and lens used are substantially distinct, generating, on a side, an aggregated view, and of other, an intra-sector, intra-organizational and specific view, the results suggest that the use of one doesn't implicate discarding or abdicating the other. On the contrary, using both in a complementary way means the generation of more complete, rich and relevant evidences and analysis that offer a realistic notion of the industrial development and contribute in a more direct way to the design of corporate strategies and government policies, including those directed to the macro level aspects just as those more specific and focused, designed to increment and foment firms in-house innovative efforts.
Resumo:
The main purpose of this work is to show how the investments in training influence the financial returns of Aracruz Celulose S.A., in the period from january/1998 to december/2000. The data will be treated using quantitative and qualitative parameters. Our analyses will be based on the practical elements. In order to study the idea of investment return in terms of training and questions involving motivation, a knowledge of learning, which is in itself complex because of the varieties of learning theories which don¿t fit into the cultural models being studied, we direct our attention to the necessity of a model which understands the problems of existing conditions. For so much, the most appropriate method for the treatment of data relative to motivation, to knowledge and to learning, will be the ex post facto, because this refers to facts abready known and the researcher would be unable to control or manipulate the variables.