A problematização do lixo e dos catadores: estudos de caso múltiplo sobre políticas públicas sob uma perspectiva foucaultiana

Municipal government policies supporting recycling cooperatives at the start of the 1990s and in the first years of the current century have contributed to resemanticizing trash rather than improving the living conditions of the street scavengers in the city of Rio de Janeiro. This idea was based on multiple case studies conducted in three post-consumption recycling cooperatives which have resulted from such policies. Interviews were held with three municipal government managers and 66 scavengers between 2002 and 2004, during a period of field observation that varied from two to six months in each case. Following a Foucaultian analysis approach, in this thesis post-consumption trash is considered as a discursive production. For this reason, the discourses have been analyzed (through an archaeology and a genealogy) that animated this object as a target condition of public policies. Thus, problematization of the trash has been proposed ¿ characterized by the concomitance of discourses related to an environmental and economic issue surrounding it, which would have impacted the scavengers' work. This proposal made it possible to consider the conditions that enable the scavengers to participate in this discursive production concerning trash. Problematization means the social enhancement of trash (its resemantization as recyclable) and the government policies were an attempt to make the scavengers adapt to this conjuncture. The conditions have been investigated that enable the scavengers to participate in the construction process of the discourse concerning trash (preparation of the strategies), in consonance with public policies. According to the three organizations observed, the public managers assumed that it would be possible for the scavengers to participate in the rules of discourse on trash, when they achieved economy of scale and when they sold to middlemen. Through the findings of the studies, however, it has been concluded that the ways in which these three organizations were managed enabled the scavengers to accede to the rules of discourse regarding problematized trash only when they could control the strategies that allow them to attend what is set by such rules.

O processo de descentralização e estadualização dos sistemas de trens metropolitanos no Brasil e seu impactos nos instrumentos de gestão e coordenação das políticas públicas metropolitanas

O estudo procura identificar o processo de transferência dos trens urbanos do âmbito da administração federal para os estados e municípios. Busca-se traçar um panorama histórico da evolução dos sistemas de trens no brasil desde a sua gênese até os dias atuais e a diferenciação das características entre a malha ferroviária de transporte de carga e os sistemas metropolitanos de transporte de massa com trens e metrôs. Em seguida o programa de descentralização é descrito tal como foi concebido e como tem se desenvolvido ao longo de seus dez anos e é feita a avaliação de seus resultados. A avaliação é feita através dos relatórios oficiais disponíveis sobre o assunto e de uma pesquisa de opinião entre um grupo de técnicos qualificados. Termina-se com uma exploração sobre os papéis futuros do governo federal na área de transportes urbanos e com as principais conclusões sobre o programa.

A percepção da atuação da área de gestão de pessoas das empresas privadas e organizações governamentais nos estados de Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro e São Paulo segundo os profissionais das demais áreas funcionais

In the past there were many lawyers working in the human resources area, nowadays it doesn't happen anymore, because this area wishes to offer a better service. According to some writers, that strategic service is the ideal way for the organization to achieve its goal. Since there are not many researches about this issue, this dissertation will give a support not only for academic but also for professionals that work in private and public organizations. The goal of this dissertation is to identify how professionals, except for the ones who work in the human resources, realize the actions of the human resources in private and public organizations. Besides, this dissertation also makes a comparison between these two kinds of action. The result of this research is neither good nor bad. The goal of this research was to find problems involved on this issue and better solutions for them.

Avaliação de políticas públicas: estudo do comportamento de indicadores relacionados com a saúde em municípios do estado de Pernambuco após a emenda Constitucional Nº 29

The Brazilian Public Health System (Sistema Único de Saúde - SUS), defined by the Constitution of 1988, is almost 20 years old and is a landmark for health public policies. In these 20 years, the law was altered several times with the objective of prioritizing the investment of public money in such a needy area as health. Among these changes, it is important to single out the Constitutional Amendment number 29, issued on 13th September 2000, which determined the minimum investment in health. According to this amendment, as from the year 2000, the municipalities should invest in health services a minimum of 7% of the revenue from taxes and transferences from the Federal and State governments. This value was to rise gradually to 15% by 2004. Since every public policy should be systematically evaluated and considering the assumption that, according to the incrementalist theory, more money invested in health would tend to solve the crisis in the health system, this dissertation consists of a study of a set of health indicators in some municipalities of the State of Pernambuco after the Amendment 29. The evaluation period spanned 4 years, from 2002 to 2005 and the area chosen for the study was located in southern agreste region of the state. Ten health indicators were selected, all of which included in the Administrative Rule no 493, of the Health Ministry. It was found that in the chosen period the average investment in health was greater than 15% of the municipalities¿ revenue since 2002. However, the value of the investment per capita, considering the municipality's share of it, which was half of the total investment, decreased from 2002 to 2004 and increased in 2005. It was also found that the municipalities with the lowest per capita income were the ones with the highest investment per capita in health. As regards children mortality in the region, it was on average 33 for every 1000 children born, which is classified as ¿medium¿ according to the above mentioned Administrative Rule no 493. No statistically significative correlation was found between the amount of money invested in health and children mortality.

Uma metodologia de avaliação de impacto de políticas públicas no Brasil

Esta dissertação examina as políticas públicas brasileiras do período posterior à promulgação da Constituição Federal de 1988 pela ótica da relação Estado-Sociedade. Ela desenvolve uma metodologia compreensiva para avaliar impactos das políticas públicas no Brasil com base na influência dos princípios fundamentais da Constituição brasileira, das crenças da Sociedade, das premissas do Estado, da epistemologia sobre avaliação de impacto de políticas públicas e das relações internacionais multilaterais sobre as instituições nacionais.

Coordenação interinstitucional para o desenvolvimento local: um estudo em Araçuaí, Minas Gerais

This essay aims to discuss local development under the prospect of coordinated intervention of multiple organizations, considering different thematic areas of action, different economic sectors and regions of origin; structured in different methodologies and owners of different social technologies field of expertises. Search to identify determinants, facilitators, and restrictive factors of cross sectorial and cross organizational coordination processes for a common purpose. The field research was conducted at a region of State of Minas Gerais, Brazil, where a group of 13 organizations that fit the profile described above, joined up to work jointly, facilitating the environment for local development. The region is between those with the lowest incomes in Brazil. The objective of this study was to verifry what extent the practices implemented by the organizations context (the municipality in question has population of less than 40.000 inhabitants), are contributing to the formation and / or strengthening of a local scene of more opportunities that compete for the quality of life of the population. To meet this goal were interviewd 52 citizens between representatives of organizations, the government, civil society and citizens directly benefit from the Sustainable Araçuaí iniciative, using the semi-structured interview. The result has been the relationship between partnerships determining factors, facilitators and restrictive labour, structured on a conceptual map, and the perception of the impact that these actions have caused coordinates the council from the perspective of the interviewees

Políticas públicas no setor de turismo: utopia ou realidade?

Este trabalho pretende mostrar que a implementação de políticas públicas no setor de turismo não é utopia, e sim um instrumento essencial à dinamização deste segmento tão promissor e rentável, que no mundo todo vem apresentando resultados surpreendentes, e que pode contribuir de forma significativa para o desenvolvimento de uma região. Para auferir os dividendos da indústria do turismo é primordial que sejam realizados investimentos no setor, de modo a oferecer as condições básicas para que o mesmo possa se expandir. Estas condições vão desde a infra-estrutura básica até a capacitação da mão-de-obra local. Cabe aqui destacar que é fundamental também que se dê incentivos fiscais e monetários para atrair investidores. E, estas, são ações que cabem, fundamentalmente, à iniciativa governamental. Uma análise comparativa entre o desempenho da indústria do turismo no mundo, no Brasil e na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, pretendeu-se provar que nas circunstâncias atuais, a elaboração e a implementação de políticas públicas são essenciais para a expansão do setor de turismo, e que este é certamente um próspero caminho a ser trilhado pelo nosso país e pela nossa cidade, considerando o enorme potencial turístico de ambos, rumo ao desenvolvimento econômico-social.

Gestão pública orientada para resultados: avaliando o caso de Minas Gerais

This research analyses the model of management for results from Minas Gerais State. The theoretical research begins with the origin of the management for results, then analyses its influences and tools. A case study about Minas Gerais State is presented and the model analysis tool is applied. This tool was developed by the Inter-American Development Bank (IADB). It is being applied in many countries and states. After that, interviews with the main people of Minas Gerais government were carried out to get information about the current model of management. With all this information collected, the model is analysed to verify if it is adequate or not to the standards of the management for results.

Políticas públicas para radiodifusão e imprensa: ação e omissão do estado no Brasil pós-1964

The press and the State had developed, in Brazil, a relation of interdependence. Press and broadcasting corporations depend on state money for its survival and politicians depend on the press and the exposition in the media to communicate with their electorate. This relation of proximity affects the elaboration of public policies for the sector. This study analyzes public policies for broadcasting and the press since 1964, when it was established in the country the military regimen, a mark of a deep reform in the Communications. Public policies are debated in line with two dimensions - one relative to the infrastructure needed by the Communications, and another referring to the content of information. Our conclusion clarifies the urgency of a revision in the laws that regulate the media, many of which are not applicable anymore, and questions the independence of Brazilian parliamentarians to proceed with the necessary reforms and to the discussion about new public policies for the sector.

A justiça distributiva como critério fundamental nas políticas públicas: o caso dos jogos panamericanos na cidade do Rio de Janeiro

This dissertation is a project of evaluation of the proposals of the Panamerican Games of 2007, that they will be carried through in the city of Rio De Janeiro. Great events present the possibility of improvement of the urban space and economic development, amongst other chances seen by politics and urban planners well. For this work we search to argue the city as field of specific study, understanding it in the current world-wide scene of globalization and computerization, the relations politics, economic and social existing interns. We search in material literature to study and to evaluate what it would be a ¿good city¿ and studies that had understood the development of the urban space. We also look for to understand the city of Rio de Janeiro as a singular urban space, since the origin of the city as a urban space, passing for the proposals gifts of modification of the carioca space. We dedicate part of the work, inside of the chapter where we understand the city of Rio de Janeiro, the presentation of the project of the Panamerican of 2007, comparing it with great previous events. The vision of technique and politics during the interviews was essential for the best understanding of the proposals of the Games. Finally we evaluate the proposals of modification of the Pan2007 for the city of Rio de Janeiro with the methodology of Kevin Lynch to evaluate the good form of the city" in communion with the proposal of distributive justice of Rawls. The result of this evaluation was that the current proposals of modification of the city for the Pan2007 will be able to generate resulted not deliberate for a considerable parcel of the population and to modify the economic relations harmfully, social and politics inside of the territory of the city. For such we consider measured compensatory satisfactory that they can reach the objectives of an equal citizenship and an equitable equality of chances, starting for the offering of the social minimums of just form. "

Avaliação de políticas públicas e avaliação interna da polícia civil do Rio de Janeiro: a visão do policial civil e do entorno social em relação ao programa delegacia legal

Este trabalho acadêmico versa sobre o Programa Delegacia Legal, uma política pública voltada para a modernização da polícia civil fluminense. A pesquisa realizada teve por objetivo analisar a percepção de dois dos principais atores considerados no processo de formulação desta política: o policial e o cidadão. Desta forma, foram objetos de análise a polícia civil do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, com enfoque para as delegacias já inseridas no Programa, o policial civil que atua nestas unidades e o cidadão que reside no seu entorno. Nesta dissertação foram respondidas duas questões centrais: qual é a percepção do policial civil fluminense sobre a importância do Programa Delegacia Legal para o desempenho de suas atividades e para sua instituição; e, qual é a percepção do cidadão que reside no entorno de uma delegacia legal sobre a polícia civil e o Programa Delegacia Legal. A fim de cumprir os objetivos da pesquisa, foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com policiais e cidadãos, buscando a visão do policial civil em relação às diversas mudanças implementas pelo Programa, que alteraram de forma significativa o seu modelo de atuação, e a compreensão da percepção da comunidade em relação às políticas implementadas em seu entorno, principalmente pelo atual descrédito da sociedade quanto à capacidade do gerenciamento da criminalidade pelas instituições policiais. Por fim, para verificar empiricamente as opiniões dos policiais e cidadãos em relação ao Programa, foram aplicados questionários em 15 (quinze) unidades policiais e seus respectivos entornos. O resultado da pesquisa revelou que a pouca participação do policial no processo de formulação do Programa Delegacia Legal acarretou em uma maior resistência interna às mudanças implementadas. Entretanto, este já foi institucionalizado, devido aos benefícios que essas mudanças vêm trazendo para a atividade policial. Já na pesquisa realizada no entorno, pôde-se perceber que as mudanças não resultaram, ainda, em impactos significativamente positivos na percepção da sociedade.

As políticas públicas de urbanização e regularização fundiária no processo de inclusão social: o PROAP Rio de Janeiro

This work objectives to investigate how the public policies of urbanization and land regularization of the Program of Urbanization of Informal Settlements - PROAP, in Rio de Janeiro allow the social inclusion and the rescue of the citizenship of the poor populations. To reach this objective the two programs of PROAP were analyzed into two communities both beneficed by each one of these programs. First, the social exclusion and how it reflects itself in the form of appropriation of the territory and in the type of housing was deeply analyzed. It leads the analysis of the public policies. As a next step, a brief historical analysis was made to include the PROAP in the historical context, and this was analyzed in each one of its stages. Finally, through a qualitative approaching, the slum of Vigário Geral and the irregular settlement of Ana Gonzaga have been researched, both were chose by their singular characteristics and, according to speech of the inhabitants, it was evaluated how the Program contributes in the social inclusion in these communities.

Desenvolvimento local, cidadania e redes sociais: um estudo em Minas Gerais

The objective of this essay was to verify if the practices of local development in these small towns (population under 20.000 inhabitants) of Lavra¿s small region have contributed to the formation and/or strengthening of social network. The work was conducted from a theoretical discussion about local development, citizenship, local development with citizenship and social network. Afterward interviews were made semi-structured with a sample formed of 54 citizens of six towns of Lavra¿s small region in Minas Gerais. The speech analysis was used in the treatment of the dates. As results, considering the strengthening and formation of social network, it is possible to say: about the strengthening, that there is not a possibility, because the social networks structured as we understand it, do not exist or are still to embryonic, prevailing, in the formation towns, the pyramidal structure. And about the formation, it is notable that there are more negative aspects than positive to the development of these networks, however some initiative point out to the possibilities of creation. Therefore, we can conclude that the practice of local development contribute, still, in a very incipient and limited manner to the formation of social networks in the state¿s town. Incipient because the identified initiatives that points towards the creation are recent and are still in a structure stage; and limited because there are too many negative aspects that make the construction difficult.