Gestão da qualidade no Brasil

O presente relatório origina-se de projeto destinado a analisar a gestão da qualidade no setor de serviços nacional. A pesquisa foi conduzida através do envio de questionário, contendo 135 perguntas, a uma amostra, selecionada por conveniência, de empresas de grande, médio e pequeno portes do segmento de serviços. A sondagem cobre aspectos socioorganizacionais, técnico-tecnológicos e econômico-competitivos das indústrias. Foram avaliados os procedimentos usados na gestão da qualidade e os resultados obtidos. O trabalho insere-se numa pesquisa mundial sobre gestão da qualidade, coordenada pelo Prof. Gustavo Vargas da Universidade Estadual da Califórnia em Fullerton.

Terceirização em informática no Brasil: a ótica do prestador de serviços

Este trabalho descreve uma pesquisa de campo feita no Brasil em 1996. Foram consultadas empresas prestadoras de serviços, buscando melhor compreender esse lado da relação numa parceria cujo objeto são os serviços de informática. Trata-se de um aspecto que, até então, não havia sido abordado na realidade brasileira e que trouxe à luz importantes conclusões que facilitam o estabelecimento de processos de terceirização.

Ação social das empresas privadas: uma metodologia para avaliação de resultados

In the recent years Corporate Social Action (CSA) has become more and more relevant to corporate context. The aim is to benefit both poor communities and the donnor companies, as it meets the needs of their salient stakeholders. Nevertheless, there still exists considerable scepticism concerning CSA. In order to become a solid management practice, it is critcal to evidence the attained results. Up to now, the focus has been on process evaluation, that is, on the policies companies are adopting. Literature revision has shown a great need of studies related to results identification in this field. Therefore, using stakeholders` framework (according to Wood, 1991; Donaldson and Preston, 1995; Hopkins, 1997; Hamil, 1999), we have developped a methodology to evaluate CSA results, based on public and private effectiveness criteria. As we applied it to assess Xerox social action in Brazil we were able to identify the attainment degree of expected results related to the benefitted community (Mangueira) and also to some Xerox salient stakeholders (employees and clients).

Novo modelo de gestão organizacional para as empresas brasileiras de telecomunicações: o caso da Telerj Celular

The dissertation's aim is to present the new management model to the brazilian telecommunication enterprises, established in 1997, taking the particular case of Telerj Celular. For this, we analyse internal factors that influenced the change of the management model, as well as the State's hole in relation to the brazilian telecommunication politics, based on its employees' point of view.

Os impactos da internacionalização e a construção do posicionamento estratégico das empresas brasileiras no cenário globalizado do marketing internacional

O objetivo deste trabalho é identificar os impactos do processo de internacionalização retomado no início da década de noventa e a construção do posicionamento estratégico brasileiro ao longo de todos os seus ciclos históricos. Este trabalho objetivou também identificar as dimensões da competitividade de uma nação e confrontá-las com o processo de evolução do comércio internacional através dos séculos, bem como, os efeitos do fenômeno da globalização e a aplicação das orientações do marketing internacional como referencial para a construção do posicionamento estratégico das nações. Concluímos que a competitividade das nações deve ser entendida e avaliada através dos resultados comparativos de sua produtividade e, conseqüentemente, do nível de qualidade de vida proporcionado aos seus cidadãos. A formulação de estratégias para a internacionalização da nação e suas indústrias pode viabilizar que estes objetivos, no campo da produtividade, sejam alcançados ou, caso sejam mal formulados, poderão distanciá-los da nação. Por este motivo, a competitividade nacional tomou-se uma das principais preocupações tanto para os governos que estão inseridos, como para os que se encontram em processo de inserção competitiva internacional.

Previdência complementar no Brasil : análise do impacto da legislação na alocação de ativos entre 2003 e 2005

This work aims to identify the impacts brought about by legislation alterations regarding assets allocation by Pension Funds Companies. Focused on that, this work carried on a detailed review on the existing literature concerning Modern Portfolio Theory, Pension Funds Investment Strategies and on Brazilian Legislation for Financial Market and Pension Funds. On a second moment, the work identified asset allocation differences when comparing national financial market players and the data released by the official Social Security Secretary - SPC - regarding the 35 Pension Funds analyzed. In accordance with what the literature indicates, the work also reveals that Pension Funds pursue asset allocation policies different than those adopted by other market players due to the Fund¿s long term investment characteristics. No major impacts were identified on the legislation issued by the National Monetary Council ¿ CMN - in what it concerns asset allocation and impacts were only identified on the legislation regarding - CPMF - taxes on financial operations - which led Pension Funds to allocate expressive part of their assets on investment funds.

A ação governamental e as empresas de pequeno porte: práticas gerenciais no município do Rio de Janeiro

A importância e a contribuição das empresas de pequeno porte para o desenvolvimento do país são argumentos suficientes para que esse segmento empresarial seja considerado e tratado como estratégia de política pública. No Brasil as dificuldades e os entraves para que os pequenos negócios produzam resultados de política estão expressos, sobretudo, na conceituação de pequeno porte, na forma de tributação e nos encargos sociais. Para vencer essas limitações e sobreviver os pequenos empresários adotam práticas gerenciais que visam sistematicamente burlar o fisco, trazendo conseqüências desfavoráveis à empresa. Práticas tais como a utilização de caixa dois e o pagamento de salários sem o devido registro são amplamente aplicadas nas pequenas empresas que preferem se expor ao risco da fiscalização do que cumprir os requisitos definidos na legislação. Para reverter esse quadro, o posicionamento estratégico do governo face aos pequenos negócios deveria contemplar ações de incentivo a criação e desenvolvimento de uma classe empresarial, de melhoria da capacidade gerencial, de simplificação da legislação com redução da carga tributária e de assimilação de mão de obra excedente no mercado de trabalho.

Competitividade no setor público: as ações mercadológicas desenvolvidas pelo banco do Brasil no lançamento de uma família de fundos de investimentos estão garantindo vantagens competitivas?

Este trabalho apresenta as conclusões de um estudo de caso realizado no momento da desregulamentaçao dos fundos de investimento brasileiros, em 1995, num típico contexto de mudança de paradigmas. Para chegarmos esse ponto tivemos que realizar dois trabalhos auxiliares preliminares: primeiro esquadrinhamos de forma inédita Indústria de Fundos brasileira, utilizando Modelo de Forças Competitivas da Indústria, idealizado por Michael Porter. Simultanea mente identificamos os fatores críticos de sucesso para empresas, elaborando um quadro sinóptico que consolida uma gama complexa de informações sobre assunto. luz desse referencial teórico, pesquisamos as ações desenvolvidas pelo Banco do Brasil ao lançar uma nova família de fundos de investimento concluímos sobre sucesso que Banco obteve. despeito da temporalidade do trabalho, apresentamos perspectivas futuras tanto para Banco do Brasil quanto para Indústria de Fundos no Brasil.

Desafios que enfrenta a ANP para regular a indústria de petróleo no Brasil depois da quebra do monopólio em 1997 ate o ano de 2005

This work is analyzing the challenges which the National Petrol Agency is facing to regulate the Petrol industry in Brazil after the Monopoly crash in the period between 1997 until 2005. Due to the necessities of adaptation of its political strategies to the rules which determine the international economic flows, Brazil was forced to use the Economic Regulation in order to control the market. The regulation established in Brazil is not indifferent to imperfect markets. Thus can be find a conflict of interests among companies, the government and consumers within this process of regulation. The established agency does not have enough autonomy for administrating a regulation. The State with its paternalism power does not allow the agency to fulfill its function for which it was established, even though its function was established by law. A regulating policy which is clearly defined will establish a strong and independent agency with a clear limitation of its competences, avoiding divergent interpretation which prioritizes investments and promotes economic development. The agency will have the challenge to regulate the companies that enter the sector, allowing the opening of the market for new initiatives of investments which contribute to the welfare of the country and breaking at the same time the monopoly that is lead by Petrobras since 1953. Combining a stable set of rules with agility in order to adapt to changes will provide the regulator with a great decision-making power. The flexibility in the regulation will improve the correcting of the rules that were set in the beginning, being more efficient, which are based on acquired experience and achieved results. The structure of the agency and the flexibility of the regulation should be orientated on the promotion of competition in order to achieve economic and social development.

O planejamento estratégico na Marinha do Brasil: o caso das organizações militares prestadoras de serviços

Public Management has been faced with a challenge in improving quality of its services to atendent a citizen each day more concerned and self-conscient of his rights. One of major tools used abroad is strategic planning, although its has been designed for a private sector where the focus is profit its been used in the public sector for improving efficiency. Our focus was the Brazilian Navy, especially the Service-Deliver Military Organization (OMPS),who has been using strategic planning searching for continous improving of internal practices. Strategic planning, originated in Military field, has improved its use in the private sector, especially in United States, after the Second World War when it reached 85% of all american private industry. Some of the concepts and models of strategic planning are reviewed, including some criticism and questioning of its aplicability in the public sector, who, by the way, have serious limitations, like: 1) legal matters (separation of powers); 2) citizen dependency - actions are taken in a vote-profits bases; and 3) burocratic culture, including resistency for changes. Our primary target was to investigated the validity of the strategic planning tool in the Brazilian Navy, searching for define the profile and the comittment of all actors involved in the process, comparing teory and practice. The survey used in the search was individual and anonimous using Likert scale of four options, where each respondent shown his percepetion of the strategic planning used in each of the two investigated organizations All data are shown in the appendices and the results pointed for a non-coerency of the speech and pratice of strategic planning and its models in the analised organizations.

Organizações humanizadas - o caso do Brasil 500 anos

A responsabilidade social tem se tornado tema de grande interesse no meio empresarial e acadêmico. Em tese, algumas empresas estão percebendo que a sustentabilidade dos seus negócios não será possível em um ambiente no qual os problemas sociais se agravam a cada dia. Esta pesquisa teve objetivo analisar a questão da responsabilidade social, aqui entendida como humanização nas organizações. Para tanto, foi realizado um estudo de caso: o projeto Brasil 500 anos, da Rede Globo de Televisão. Os resultados sugerem que o projeto mencionado (e a Rede que o abriga) possui características do que se denomina organizações humanizadas e que está alcançando objetivos tidos como importantes diferenciais no mundo atual.

Políticas públicas para radiodifusão e imprensa: ação e omissão do estado no Brasil pós-1964

The press and the State had developed, in Brazil, a relation of interdependence. Press and broadcasting corporations depend on state money for its survival and politicians depend on the press and the exposition in the media to communicate with their electorate. This relation of proximity affects the elaboration of public policies for the sector. This study analyzes public policies for broadcasting and the press since 1964, when it was established in the country the military regimen, a mark of a deep reform in the Communications. Public policies are debated in line with two dimensions - one relative to the infrastructure needed by the Communications, and another referring to the content of information. Our conclusion clarifies the urgency of a revision in the laws that regulate the media, many of which are not applicable anymore, and questions the independence of Brazilian parliamentarians to proceed with the necessary reforms and to the discussion about new public policies for the sector.

Globalização de competências tecnológicas inovadoras no contexto de industrialização recente: evidências de uma amostra de institutos de pesquisa e desenvolvimento (P&D) em Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação (TIC) no Brasil

This dissertation adds new evidences and explanations to two distinct streams of debate. The first one refers to the globalisation (or dissemination) of technological innovative capabilities in the context of newly industrialised economies. The second one refers to common generalisations about the deterioration of the innovative capabilities in Latin American countries after 1990. This study was motivated by a lack of empirical studies focused on the relationship between the globalisation of innovative capabilities and sources to build them up in emerging organisations, especially R&D institutes. This dissertation is focused on the globalisation of innovative capabilities at the information and communication technology industry in Brazil. The globalisation of innovative capabilities is measured by the technological capabilities types and levels of 18 national R&D institutes related to this industry. Besides, this dissertation examines sources to build up innovative capabilities in the sampled institutes, namely: their intra-organisational learning processes and the linkages established with firms and the technological infra-structure. The study is based on first-hand empirical evidences, collected by different data-gathering sources in an extensive fieldwork. The data were examined with analytical frameworks, organised in the light of the theoretical basis of the study. The study has found the dissemination of innovative capabilities has been occurring in the Brazilian ICT industry with the involvement of the technological infra-structure with innovative activities. Besides that, the variety of the intra-organisational learning processes and the types of linkages established with technological infra-structure and firms have been influencing the development of innovative capabilities. The evidences that emerge from this study contradict common generalizations and arguments about the inexistence of innovative activities and about the technological infra-structure weakness in emerging or newly industrialized economies.

Instrumentos de apoio financeiro específicos a empresas localizadas em arranjos produtivos locais: um estudo de caso do APL de Nova Friburgo

In the last decade, the debate concerning more adequate means of promoting social and economic development, through policies of firm supporting, has been gaining strength. Among several means of support, there is one that addresses issues related to credit and funding. At the same time, interest on the phenomenon of firm agglomeration, known by clustering, is increasing, as well as one of its advantages - facilitating the development and strengthening of its firms. Additionally, there can be spotted advantages on clustering that allow tailoring financial instruments, specifically to firms in it, based on collective solutions, with better conditions. This dissertation focuses on how the capture of these opportunities is being done, in the presence of specific financial products to Brazilian clusters. The present analysis is conducted from the cluster located in Nova Friburgo and Region, specialized in women underwear. This study sought to capture advantages from three main collective solutions: information systems, guarantees systems, alternative funding. These solutions address to the following issues: information asymmetries, absence of guarantees from the credit taker, limited sources of funding. Semi-structured interviews were made with members of the cluster, when it was possible to identify that the capture of advantages is in its early stages, being limited by other issues, such as: adequate degree of human capital, governance framework and process inefficiencies.

Previdência complementar no Brasil : análise do impacto da legislação na alocação de ativos entre 2003 e 2005

This work aims to identify the impacts brought about by legislation alterations regarding assets allocation by Pension Funds Companies. Focused on that, this work carried on a detailed review on the existing literature concerning Modern Portfolio Theory, Pension Funds Investment Strategies and on Brazilian Legislation for Financial Market and Pension Funds. On a second moment, the work identified asset allocation differences when comparing national financial market players and the data released by the official Social Security Secretary ¿ SPC ¿ regarding the 35 Pension Funds analyzed. In accordance with what the literature indicates, the work also reveals that Pension Funds pursue asset allocation policies different than those adopted by other market players due to the Fund¿s long term investment characteristics. No major impacts were identified on the legislation issued by the National Monetary Council ¿ CMN - in what it concerns asset allocation and impacts were only identified on the legislation regarding ¿CPMF¿ ¿ taxes on financial operations ¿ which led Pension Funds to allocate expressive part of their assets on investment funds