Secondary bonding in para-substituted diphenyltellurium dichlorides (p-XC6H4)2TeCl2 (X = H, Me, MeO) probed by 125Te MAS NMR spectroscopy. Crystal and molecular structure of (p-MeC6H4)2TeCl2

The solid-state structures of the previously known para-substituted diphenyltellurium dichlorides, (p-XC₆H₄)₂TeCl₂ (X=H (1), Me (2), MeO (3)) were investigated by ¹²⁵Te MAS NMR spectroscopy and in case of 2 by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The ¹²⁵Te-NMR shielding anisotropy (SA) was studied by tensor analyses based on relative intensities of the observed spinning sidebands. Solid-state NMR parameters, namely the isotropic chemical shift (δ_iso), anisotropy (ζ) and asymmetry (η), were discussed in relation to the molecular structures established by X-ray crystallography. The asymmetry (η) was found to be particularly sensitive to structural differences stemming mostly from the diverse secondary Te...Cl interactions, but no correlation with geometric parameters could be established.

Steric control over molecular structure and supramolecular association exerted by tin- and ligand-bound groups in diorganotin carboxylates

Structural data (X-ray and solution and solid-state ^₁₁₉Sn NMR) show that skew-trapezoidal-bipyramidal diorganotin compounds of 2-quinaldate are invariably monomeric, owing to the steric bulk of the carboxylate ligand. In contrast, most of the analogous compounds of 2-picolinate (2-pic) can increase their coordination number by polymerization or the incorporation of solvent in their coordination sphere in the solid state. The exceptional compound is tBu₂Sn(2-pic)₂ (3), for which no increase in coordination number is apparent, a result that is correlated with the bulky tert-butyl groups. Thus, judicious choice of tin or ligand substituents can be exploited to dictate coordination number and/or the degree of supramolecular aggregation in the investigated systems.

Synthesis, molecular structure, and isomerisation in solution of (Me3SbS)2Me2SnCl2. Concomitant hypercoordination of tin and antimony

The reaction of Me₃SbCl₂ and (Me₂SnS)₃ afforded the complex (Me₃SbS)₂Me₂SnCl₂ in high yields, whose molecular structure features both hypercoordinated tin and antimony atoms. In solution, (Me₃SbS)₂Me₂SnCl₂ undergoes a reversible dissociation and ligand interchange reaction to give Me₃SbS, Me₃SbCl₂ and (Me₂SnS)₃.

Observation of inter- and intramolecular C---H...F hydrogen bonding in Gingras' salt: [n-Bu4N]+[Ph3SnF2]-

The crystal and molecular structure of Gingras' salt [n-Bu₄N]^₊ [Ph₃SnF₂]⁻ is reported, which reveals a variety of inter- and intramolecular C---H...F hydrogen bonding interactions. A ¹¹⁹Sn MAS-NMR spectrum was recorded and a tensor analysis has been performed according to the method of Herzfeld and Berger. The results are discussed in terms of the molecular structure and are compared with the parent compound Ph₃SnF as well as with Mes₃SnF (Mes=mesityl).

Casing out teaching and learning online: enhancing fidelity into the mainstream

In this paper we present the rationale and outcome of a University strategically funded project aimed at developing a broad range of cases illuminating good practices in the development and use of digital media and online technologies at Deakin University. The project is aimed at supporting the ongoing implementation of the University’s suite of e-learning technologies, Deakin Studies Online (DSO). It was seen as a significant strategic academic professional development initiative by the University in bringing together perspectives on effective teaching and learning in the context of various disciplines and professional fields of practice, with DSO possibilities for enhanced teaching/learning quality, efficiency, accessibility and satisfaction. The ‘case’ as a useful means of developing practice is outlined, along with the various project processes involving case selection, development, production and promotion. Finally, reflections on the outcomes of the project are considered. A number of positive though largely unintended consequences are identified

Receptor activation and 2 distinct COOH- terminal motifs control G-CSF receptor distribution and internalization kinetics.

We have studied the intracellular distribution and internalization kinetics of the granulocyte colony-stimulating factor receptor (G-CSF-R) in living cells using fusion constructs of wild-type or mutant G-CSF-R and enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP). Under steady-state conditions the G-CSF-R localized predominantly to the Golgi apparatus, late endosomes, and lysosomes, with only low expression on the plasma membrane, resulting from spontaneous internalization. Internalization of the G-CSF-R was significantly accelerated by addition of G-CSF. This ligand-induced switch from slow to rapid internalization required the presence of G-CSF-R residue Trp650, previously shown to be essential for its signaling ability. Both spontaneous and ligand-induced internalization depended on 2 distinct amino acid stretches in the G-CSF-R COOH-terminus: 749-755, containing a dileucine internalization motif, and 756-769. Mutation of Ser749 at position –4 of the dileucine motif to Ala significantly reduced the rate of ligand-induced internalization. In contrast, mutation of Ser749 did not affect spontaneous G-CSF-R internalization, suggesting the involvement of a serine-threonine kinase specifically in ligand-accelerated internalization of the G-CSF-R. COOH-terminal truncation mutants of G-CSF-R, found in severe congenital neutropenia, lack the internalization motifs and were completely defective in both spontaneous and ligand-induced internalization. As a result, these mutants showed constitutively high cell-surface expression.

Bringing Bourdieu to policy sociology : codification, misrecognition and exchange value in the UK context

The task of social scientists is to find ways of investigating and understanding the social, political and economic world, in order to offer insights into everyday and public life in the past, present and future. Bourdieu’s tool kit offers a particular way of theorizing the rules, narratives and self-held truths of social phenomena and of educational policy as a specific object of analysis. In this article I develop a series of propositions about the ways in which field theory might be applied to explain the abrupt public policy shift effected by the Thatcher government and the adjustments made to it by the Blair government. I suggest that a Bourdieuian approach shows policy working as a means of codification, as a doxa of misrecognition and as currency exchange within and across fields. I conclude with some thoughts about the difficulties of explicating interactions between fields.

Geometric and material constraints in parametric modelling : the design to fabrication process

Parametric modelling, commonly used in the automotive and aerospace industries, has recently been adopted in the architecture and construction fields. The ability to design small repeatable components and apply them to a larger governing surface geometry is one area of parametric modelling that has great design potential. This two level modelling control, of component and overall surface, can allow designers to explore new types of form generation subject to parametric constraints. This paper reports on the design to fabrication process using repeatable components over a governing or carrier surface. The paper reports on our study of the requirements and possible solutions for successfully controlling a repeatable element, known as a Representative Volumetric Element (RVE), using geometric parameters of a larger governing surface geometry and material properties. This modelling process, coupled with Rapid
Manufacturing (RM) and Computer Numerically Controlled (CNC) machines has the potential to significantly reduce the interface between design and fabrication.