Minimization of reversible adder circuits

Losing information causes losing power. Information is lost when the input vector cannot be uniquely recovered from the output vector of a combinational circuit. The input vector of reversible circuit can be uniquely recovered from the output vector. In this study we have emphasized on the design of reversible adder circuits that is efficient in terms of gate count, garbage outputs and quantum cost and that can be technologically mapped. It has been analyzed and demonstrated that the results of our proposed adder circuits shows better performance compared to similar type of existing designs. Technology independent equations required to evaluate these circuits have also been given.

Switching on the chronometer of history : communism, postcommunism and heritage

The destruction of monuments accompanying the fall of Communism ignited debates about preservation of manifestations of a hated regime. While heritage professionals called for their preservation as ‘historical documents’, many monuments were destroyed or removed. Yampolsky sees anti-Communist iconoclasm as a rejection of the totalitarianism of time embodied in Communist monuments. These ‘intentional monuments’ were intended to ‘negate the march of time and oppose to it the permanence of human action’. They demonstrated the alleged end of history in a classless utopia.

Iconoclastic acts against these monuments involved the crossing of ‘the invisible boundaries of the sacral zone surrounding monuments, switching on the chronometer of history’. In doing so, iconoclasts provide the conditions for reassertion of heritage practices: heritage requires a sense of the flow of time, a difference between past, present and future.

Having restarted the chronometer of history, a society is forced to assess where it stands in relation to its past. Will it continue on a path of ‘wilful forgetting’, or seek to confront the past? The danger of wilful forgetting is the creation of nostalgia. Alternatively, preservation of places of memory helps processing of the past required for movement into the future. ‘One need only consider the way in which Berliners tore down the hated Berlin Wall in the aftermath of 1989’, Fulbrook writes, ‘to understand the desire to rid the landscape of a hated excrescence, a symbol of a rejected political past. But…for those who come after, the effort of historical imagination is all the greater for lack of a topography of experience’.

Heritage preservation can produce a ‘topography of experience’, through which the experience of Communism is examined. Reassertion of a humanistic historical time through heritage practices reveals the arrogant futility of utopian projects seeking to bring history to an end.

Reducing consumer switching intentions following service failure : do empowerment and apology help?

This research explores the effectiveness of apology and empowerment as service recovery actions and their impact on consumers switching intentions within the hospitality industry. It also examines two different types of failure - process failure and outcome and whether consumer-switching intentions vary based on failure type. Results suggest that apology is effective in reducing switching intentions in both types of failure. Employee empowerment reduces switching intentions in outcome failure situations, but increases switching intentions in process settings. There is also an interaction effect of apology and empowerment in the outcome failure setting, but not in the process failure setting. Recommendations for managing service recovery are provided.

Role of organizational service recovery actions on sustomer switching intentions in a process based service failure : does speed of recovery matters?

The study examines how organizational activities of compensation and empowerment impact on consumers switching intentions and also whether these differ based on the speed of service recovery. Data is collected using hypothetical scenarios in a situation of process failure. It is found that there is no direct effect of either compensation or empowerment on switching intent, although the interaction effect is significant when recovery occurs quickly.

Multifractality and long-range dependence of asset returns: the scaling behavior of the Markov-switching multifractal model with lognormal volatility components

In this paper, we consider daily financial data from various sources (stock market indices, foreign exchange rates and bonds) and analyze their multiscaling properties by estimating the parameters of a Markov-switching multifractal (MSM) model with Lognormal volatility components. In order to see how well estimated models capture the temporal dependency of the empirical data, we estimate and compare (generalized) Hurst exponents for both empirical data and simulated MSM models. In general, the Lognormal MSM models generate "apparent" long memory in good agreement with empirical scaling provided that one uses sufficiently many volatility components. In comparison with a Binomial MSM specification [11], results are almost identical. This suggests that a parsimonious discrete specification is flexible enough and the gain from adopting the continuous Lognormal distribution is very limited.

True and apparent scaling : the proximity of the Markov-switching multifractal model to long-range dependence

In this paper, we consider daily financial data of a collection of different stock market indices, exchange rates, and interest rates, and we analyze their multi-scaling properties by estimating a simple specification of the Markov-switching multifractal (MSM) model. In order to see how well the estimated model captures the temporal dependence of the data, we estimate and compare the scaling exponents H(q) (for q=1,2) for both empirical data and simulated data of the MSM model. In most cases the multifractal model appears to generate ‘apparent’ long memory in agreement with the empirical scaling laws.

Real interest rates, inflation and the open economy : a regime-switching perspective on Australia and New Zealand

We investigate the time-series properties of Australian and New Zealand real interest rates within a Markov-switching framework. This enables us to identify characteristics in real interest rate behavior hitherto unacknowledged. We find that rates switch between alternative stationary regimes characterized by differing means, speeds of mean-reversion and volatility. For New Zealand, high rates of inflation increase the probability of remaining in a regime characterized by a faster speed of adjustment. Further application of this methodology considers the real interest rate differential between Australia and New Zealand and points to differing regimes based on volatility rather than persistence.

Grammatical structures in code-switching among second generation Chinese-Australian students

This paper is based on an analysis of audio-recordings of interviews conducted at three primary schools in Victoria. The syntactic convergence or transference, which accompanies switching takes place at three levels: typological, structural and classificatory. The matrix Language Frame Model (Myers-Scotton 1993b, 1997a), revised to include the Composite Matrix Language (Bolonyai 1998), successfully deals with all forms of switching in my corpus. However, it is highly doubtful if grammatical constraints (Clyne 1987) as such exist ins witching between Chinese and English. My data rather supports the existence of facilitators or tendencies.

Pi-shaped MEMS architecture for lowering actuation voltage of RF switching

A wide band low actuation capacitive coupling electrostatic RF MEMS switching device is presented in this paper. The device includes a pi-shaped matching architecture containing two switches connected by a high impedance short transmission line. The device can act as a switch for any desired frequency whilst requiring only 12volts for actuation. By optimizing the length and the characteristic impedance of the transmission line, the switch can be tailored for desired frequency bands. The switch is calculated and simulated for Ka to V frequency bands demonstrating excellent improvements of RF characteristics.

Design and simulation of a RF MEMS shunt switch for Ka and V bands and the impact of varying its geometrical parameters

RF MEMS plays an important role in microwave switching. The high performance of RF MEMS shunt such as high bandwidth, low insertion loss, and high isolation have made these switches well suitable for high performing microwave and millimeter wave circuits. This paper presents a RF MEMS shunt capacitive switch for Ka and V band application. This paper investigates the effect of various geometrical parameters on RF characteristics of the switch. The simulation results are presented and discussed.

A switching model of dynamic asset selling problem

This paper proposes an asset selling problem with a new selling strategy called the switching strategy where multiple homogeneous assets on hand must be sold up to a specified deadline. At each point in time the seller is permitted to decide between 1) proposing a selling price up front to an appearing buyer and 2) concealing the price and letting the buyer come up with an offer. Our analysis indicates that under certain conditions there emerges a time threshold after which the seller switches from concealing his idea for the selling price to proposing this price, and vice versa.

Exploring negativity bias in brand beliefs and stated brand switching propensity

Negativity bias has been well studied by psychologists but limited research has been conducted on it in a marketing context. Given previous research, this exploratory study aims to examine whether there are any negativity bias effects in brand beliefs and whether there is any influence on stated brand switching propensity amongst current users of a brand. The results suggest that there is a negativity bias evident in brand image data.