14 resultados para well-being work
em Dalarna University College Electronic Archive
Resumo:
We are two students named Susanne Grnlund and Anna Zaar and have jointly worked together this c-essay called "dignity and well-being according to whom? The paper is written at Hgskolan dalarna in Falun.The purpose of this study was to investigate how the elderly and assistance officer describes dignity and well-being and how it is consistent with the government's bill on the national values that the National Board has developed.Our empirical study consists of four qualitative interviews, two older people dependent on community care and two assistance officers. The study's theoretical basis is Antonovsky's salutogenic approach and SOC. The survey focuses on different themes such as dignity, integrity, participation, treatment, wellbeing, security and meaningfulness which are also central themes in the Government Bill on the national values for elderly.The results show that the respondents believe that a life of dignity is difficult to define and also a subjective experience. The results also show a consistency between what the elderly, assistance officer and the national values that define dignity and well-being. Social Services Act, national values should serve as a starting point for municipalities to improve elderly care, thereby creating a sense of coherence for the individual. Keywords: Elder care, dignity, integrity, participation, attitude, well-being, security and meaningfulness.
Resumo:
Learning to live with diabetes in such a way that the new conditions will be a normal and natural part of life imposes requirements on the person living with diabetes. Previous studies have shown that there is no clear picture of what and how the learning that would allow persons to incorporate the illness into their everyday life will be supported. The aim of this study is to describe the phenomenon of support for learning to live with diabetes to promote health and well-being, from the patient's perspective. Data were collected by interviews with patients living with type 1 or type 2 diabetes. The interviews were analysed using a reflective lifeworld approach. The results show that reflection plays a central role for patients with diabetes in achieving a new understanding of the health process, and awareness of their own responsibility was found to be the key factor for such a reflection. The constituents are responsibility creating curiosity and willpower, openness enabling support, technology verifying bodily feelings, a permissive climate providing for participation and exchanging experiences with others. The study concludes that the challenge for caregivers is to create interactions in an open learning climate that initiates and supports reflection to promote health and well-being.
Resumo:
The physical environment can influence older peoples health and well-being, and is often mentioned as being an important factor for person-centred care. Due to high levels of frail health, many older people spend a majority of their time within care facilities and depend on the physical environment for support in their daily life. However, the quality of the physical environment is rarely evaluated, and knowledge is sparse in terms of how well the environment meets the needs of older people. This is partly due to the lack of valid and reliable instruments that could provide important information on environmental quality. Aim: The aim of this thesis was to study the quality of the physical environment in Swedish care facilities for older people, and how it relates to residents activities and well-being. Methods: The thesis comprises four papers where both qualitative and quantitative methods were used. Study I involved the translation and adaptation of the Sheffield Care Environment Assessment Matrix (SCEAM) into a Swedish version (S-SCEAM). Several methods were used including forward and backward translation, test of validity via expert consultation and reliability tests. In Study II, S-SCEAM was used to assess the quality of the environment, and descriptive data were collected from 20 purposively sampled residential care facilities (RCFs). Study III was a comparative case study conducted at two RCFs using observations, interviews and S-SCEAM to examine how the physical environment relates to older peoples activities and interactions. In study IV, multilevel modeling was used to determine the association between the quality of the physical environment and the psychological and social well-being of older people living in RCFs. The data in the thesis were analysed using qualitative content analysis, and descriptive, bivariate and multilevel statistics. Results: A specific result was the production of the Swedish version of SCEAM. The instrument contains 210 items structured into eight domains reflecting the needs of older people. When using S-SCEAM, the results showed a substantial variation in the quality of the physical environment between and within RCFs. In general, private apartments and dining areas had high quality, whereas overall building layout and outdoor areas had lower quality. Also, older peoples safety was supported in the majority of facilities, whereas cognitive support and privacy had lower quality. Further, the results showed that environmental quality in terms of cognitive support was associated with residents social well-being. Specific environmental features, such as building design and space size, were also noted, through observation, as influencing residents activities, and several barriers were found that seemed to restrict residents full use of the environment. Conclusions: This thesis contributes to the growing evidence-based design field. The S-SCEAM can be used in future research on the association between the environment and peoples health and well-being. The instrument could also serve as a guide in the planning and design process of new RCFs.
Resumo:
Syftet med denna studie var att beskriva svenska egenfretagande tandhygienisters (EfTH) arbetsfrhllanden fr att studera om dr fanns samband mellan fysisk och psykosocial arbetsmilj och arbetstillfredsstllelse i gruppen. Samliga tandhygienister i Sveriges tandhygienistfrenings sektion fr egna fretagare (n = 179) inbjds att deltaga i studien vilken gjordes med hjlp av ett frgeformulr grundat p en frkortad version av the General Nordic Questionnaire for Psychological and Social Factors at Work, QPSNordic 34+. Sextiofem procent (n=108) svarade p enkten. Resultaten visade att ldre tandhygienister och de som hade fler n 19 yrkesr upplevde hgre grad av arbetsskicklighet, var skrare i sin yrkesroll och knde sig mindre stressade n yngre. Stress var relaterat till fler n trettio arbetstimmar per vecka. Alla frgor i skalorna om arbetstillfredsstllelse, arbetsgldje och arbetsstolthet skattades hgt och allra hgst frgan om arbetsstolthet. Frgor i skalorna om kontroll i arbetet visade p hg kontroll av arbetstakt, pauser och pverkan av beslut i det egna arbetet. Ett statistiskt signifikant samband kunde pvisas mellan kontroll av arbetstakt, pverkansmjligheter, positiv feedback frn patienter och arbetstillfredsstllelse. Det fanns ocks statistiskt signifikanta samband mellan kontroll av arbetstakt, positiv feedback frn tandlkare fr arbetsresultat, positiv feedback frn patienter samt att f tillhra en (arbets)grupp och arbetsgldje. En slutsats frn denna studie r att det frefaller finnas ett samband mellan EfTH:s arbetsfrhllanden och hg arbetstillfredsstllelse.
Resumo:
The world is urbanizing rapidly with more than half of the global population now living in cities. Improving urban environments for the well-being of the increasing number of urban citizens is becoming one of the most important challenges of the 21st century. Even though it is common that city planners have visions of a good urban milieu, those visions are concerning visual aesthetics or practical matters. The qualitative perspective of sound, such as sonic diversity and acoustic ecology are neglected aspects in architectural design. Urban planners and politicians are therefore largely unaware of the importance of sounds for the intrinsic quality of a place. Whenever environmental acoustics is on the agenda, the topic is noise abatement or noise legislation a quantitative attenuation of sounds. Some architects may involve acoustical aspects in their work but sound design or acoustic design has yet to develop to a distinct discipline and be incorporated in urban planning.My aim was to investigate to what extent the urban soundscape is likely to improve if modern architectural techniques merge with principles of acoustics. This is an important, yet unexplored, research area. My study explores and analyses the acoustical aspects in urban development and includes interviews with practitioners in the field of urban acoustics, situated in New York City. My conclusion is that to achieve a better understanding of the human living conditions in mega-cities, there is a need to include sonic components into the holistic sense of urban development.
Resumo:
Under senare r har frgan om ett hllbart arbetsliv blivit allt viktigare. Det innebr att goda arbetsfrhllanden kommer att bidra till att mnniskor orkar arbeta fram till pensionen. Friskvrd har gtt frn att enbart vara en frmn till att bli en investering fr att frmja hlsa. Anstlldas hlsa och arbetsmilj r en del av personalfunktionens vergripande arbete fr att behlla personal. Fysiskt krvande yrken som omsorgsarbete r ett stort arbetsmiljproblem som krver att organisationer frsker frhindra att arbetsrelaterad sjukdom intrffar. Syftet med detta examensarbete r att underska vilka frutsttningarna, ur ett medarbetarperspektiv, organisationer br ta i beaktande fr att skapa ett framgngsrikt arbete med hlsofrmjande friskvrdsaktiviteter inom kommunal vrd- och omsorgsfrvaltning. Arbetet r begrnsat till personal inom Ludvika kommun. Friskvrd kan frebygga sjukdom, men det kan ocks ka individens vlbefinnande och kan drmed utgra en framgngsrik strategi fr att skapa hlsosammare arbetsplatser. En kombination av metoder anvndes fr datainsamling, i form av en kvantitativ enktunderskning och en kvalitativ fokusgruppintervju. Resultaten visade bland annat att majoriteten av de anstllda r positiva till friskvrd p arbetstid och att det r ett frdelaktigt stt att ka deltagandet, ven fr dem som r mindre fysiskt aktiva. Tidsbrist och socialt std r skl till varfr fysisk aktivitet r lgre eller uteblir. Frutom att de anstllda som har ett individuellt ansvar r det chefer, i samrd med organisationen, som har det vergripande ansvaret fr att skapa goda frutsttningar fr att frmja hlsan.
Resumo:
Background: British government policy for older people focuses on a vision of active ageing and independent living. In the face of diminishing personal capacities, the use of appropriate home-based technology (HBT) devices could potentially meet a wide range of needs and consequently improve many aspects of older people's quality of life such as physical health, psychosocial well-being, social relationships, and their physical or living environment. This study aimed to examine the use of HBT devices and the correlation between use of such devices and quality of life among older people living in extra-care housing (ECH). Methods: A structured questionnaire was administered for this study. Using purposive sampling 160 older people living in extra-care housing schemes were selected from 23 schemes in England. A face-to-face interview was conducted in each participant's living unit. In order to measure quality of life, the SEIQoL-Adapted and CASP-19 were used. Results: Although most basic appliances and emergency call systems were used in the living units, communally provided facilities such as personal computers, washing machines, and assisted bathing equipment in the schemes were not well utilised. Multiple regression analysis adjusted for confounders including age, sex, marital status, living arrangement and mobility use indicated a coefficient of 1.17 with 95% CI (0.05, 2.29) and p = 0.04 [SEIQoL-Adapted] and 2.83 with 95% CI (1.17, 4.50) and p = 0.001 [CASP-19]. Conclusions: The findings of the present study will be value to those who are developing new form of specialised housing for older people with functional limitations and, in particular, guiding investments in technological aids. The results of the present study also indicate that the home is an essential site for developing residential technologies.
Resumo:
Detta r en kvalitativ studie med syftet att inom en enhet p Stockholms Stad identifiera friskfaktorer och underska vad som krvs fr att fortsatt bevara dessa. Vidare r syftet att underska vilket std som r ndvndigt fr bevarandet samt HR-funktionens roll i detta avseende. Enheten r, sett till sjukfrnvaro, en vlmende grupp som str infr frndringar inom marknaden och mlsttning d de pverkas av det nyligen genomfrda regeringsskiftet. Ett frgeverktyg anvndes fr att framstlla de tta viktigaste dimensionerna av det attraktiva arbetet och en frdjupad diskussion kring dessa frdes sedan under en fokusgruppsintervju tillsammans med enhetens medarbetare. Resultatet visade att de viktigaste dimensionerna var bland annat arbetstid och relationer. Vidare pvisades att en balans mellan arbetsliv och privatliv r av stor vikt fr medarbetarnas hlsa och vlmende. Fr att fortsatt bevara det attraktiva i arbetet visade empirin att gruppens relationer och ledaren var nyckelfaktorer och att HR-funktionen, den personalstrategiska avdelningen, enbart bidrar med en administrativ och vgledande roll i frgan om std. Arbetets slutsatser innefattar att bevarandet av friskfaktorer krver att tillvaron mste vara begriplig, hanterlig och meningsfull men ven att medarbetarna behver rimliga krav i relation till deras handlingsutrymme. En vidare slutsats r behovet av en frndring i ledarskapsbeteendet i kommande stadier d gruppen eventuellt kommer att hamna i en ny mognadsfas p grund frndrade omstndigheter. Frfattarna drar ven slutsatsen att friskfaktorer r till viss del individuellt beroende p livssituation men att balansen mellan arbetsliv och privatliv r betydande fr de flesta. HR-funktionen, den personalstrategiska avdelningen, har en informativ och administrativ roll i frgan om std och frfattarna anser att det ligger en logik i denna roll. Sett till organisationens storlek r det lttare att vnda psykosociala frgor till fretagshlsovrd eller en psykologgrupp och f det arbetsrttsliga stdet eller information frn HR-funktionen.
Resumo:
The authors common interest for healthy employees, brought reasonto study how line managers can manage and develop this withsupport from HR. Previous research highlights that knowledge ofhow health is promoted is missing. Line managers have a key role inworking with contributors health. The aim of the study is toinvestigate how managers are working for the well-being ofemployees and which aid dedicated to line managers from the HRfunction, and how support and the work with employees health canbe developed. This study also investigates the approach on healthfrom each party. The method consisted of a case study, includingdata collection through depth interview with HR and focus groupinterview with heads of unit. The result of the HR interview showedoverwhelming support in individual conversations, but lack ofresources for the support function. HR requested additional resourcesand more health promotion work instead of rehabilitation. Heads ofunit are working with a wellness initiative for healthy contributors.Development points were found in increased support, developedwellness options, increased participation and performance appraisalswith a focus on the individuals health status. The findings showthat heads of units are working with participation, attendance andhealth care but want more focus on the individuals health status. HRneeds resources in order to support the heads of units in their healthcare. A common approach is missing between HR and heads of unitin their work for health promotion. Education, approach and supportshould be developed on the basis of the organizations overallcontext.
Resumo:
Syftet med denna studie var att underska vad som ger medarbetare vlbefinnande och positiva knslor p arbetsplatsen. Studien genomfrdes genom kvalitativa intervjuer med sex medarbetare p fyra bank- och frskringskontor i mellersta Sverige. Resultatet analyserades med hjlp av tidigare forskning samt teorier. Resultatet visar att det som skapar positiva knslor och vlbefinnande i stor grad r relationer, dels med kollegor men ocks med kunder. Positiva knslor kan ha en vldigt hg spridningsfrmga bland kollegor, kunder och i organisationen. Det visade ocks att det r viktigt att det finns en balans mellan arbetsliv och privatliv samt mellan krav och kontroll. Att se p vlbefinnande p arbetet ur ett samspelsperspektiv, dr man integrerar bde individ och organisation, visade sig ocks vara viktigt fr att framgngsrikt kunna arbeta med dessa frgor.
Resumo:
Problem: Arbetsmiljn r viktig fr mnniskors vlbefinnande. Hlsofrmjande faktorer antas inte bara styrka individens fysiska och psykiska hlsa, utan ven fretagets konkurrenskraft och lnsamhet. I uppsatsen undersker vi hur fretaget SSAB i Borlnge arbetar med hlsa genom att tillmpa ett hlsofrmjande perspektiv och utg frn teorin om Knslan av sammanhang (KASAM). Ledarskapsvrderingar har betydelse fr medarbetares hlsa (Hanson, 2004) och vi undersker vilken uppfattning ett antal chefer har om sina roller i det hlsofrmjande arbetet och deras syn p medarbetarunderskningen HlsoSAM som fretagshlsovrden p SSAB bedriver. Arbetsbelastningen p medarbetare och chefer kar till fljd av sparkrav, samtidigt som resurserna minskar (Gatu, 2003). Fljden blir en strre risk fr ohlsa och ett stt att minska sjukfrnvaron r att genomfra hlsofrmjande insatser (Prevent, 2001). Syfte: Syftet med studien r att utifrn ett hlsofrmjande perspektiv frklara vad chefer har fr mjligheter att skapa frutsttningar fr att frmja medarbetarnas hlsa p SSAB i Borlnge. Metod: Den metod som ligger till grund fr uppsatsen baseras p ett kvalitativt angreppsstt dr semistrukturerade intervjuer samt litteraturstudier genomfrts fr att samla information. Analys: Ledarens beteende pverkar medarbetarna. Hg arbetsbelastning p SSABs chefer leder till lgre nrvaro bland medarbetarna, vilket i sin tur ger smre frutsttningar fr att frmja hlsan. HlsoSAM kartlgger medarbetarnas hlsolge, bde vlbefinnande och arbetskapacitet. Resultaten r vgledande i det hlsofrmjande arbetet men verbelastning, tidsbrist och kunskapsbrist hos cheferna bidrar till att uppfljningen inte blir systematisk. Fr ett vl fungerande hlsoarbete krvs systematik. Slutsats: Hlsofrmjande processer i arbetslivet skapas genom balans mellan krav och resurser. P SSAB i Borlnge hindras hlsoarbetet av tidsbrist och kunskapsbrist hos cheferna. Kostnadsbesparingar pverkar hlsoarbetet negativt och systematiken i uppfljningsarbetet blir lidande. Ansvaret fr hlsoarbetet lggs p fretagshlsovrden, men utan std frn chefer blir inte hlsoarbetet en naturlig del i verksamheten. Det r viktigt att i rdande situation se vad frmjande av hlsa kan ge tillbaka till fretaget i bde ekonomiska och kvalitativa termer. Insikt om detta kar chefernas incitament att prioritera hlsofrmjande processer och organisera arbetet s att mnniskor har frutsttningar att hantera, kontrollera och klara av sina uppgifter.
Resumo:
Life quality in families: close relations and the good life The aim of this paper is to explore how aspects and qualities of modern family life influence subjective well-being. Although the patterns of family, work and sexuality have changed dramatically the last four decades, it is here claimed that the family is still an important base of socialization and upbringing. Thus the study of processes within the family can contribute to the understanding of the environment in which many children grow up. In most families, work, partner and family roles are intertwined, and one central hypothesis of this work is that family members influence each other in the individual formation of well-being. The main research question of this study asks: How is life quality affected by the quality of parent-child and the partner relationships and aspects of their shared everyday life? Empirical implications are tested against 2002-data from a representative, Norwegian sample. Analyses conclude that the quality of parent-child and the spousal relationship, and also aspects of families everyday life such as work-life balance and time pressure influence the subjective life quality, but mothers and fathers life quality is affected by differing and partly incompatible conditions.
Resumo:
BACKGROUND: Shared decision-making (SDM) is an emergent research topic in the field of mental health care and is considered to be a central component of a recovery-oriented system. Despite the evidence suggesting the benefits of this change in the power relationship between users and practitioners, the method has not been widely implemented in clinical practice. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to investigate decisional and information needs among users with mental illness as a prerequisite for the development of a decision support tool aimed at supporting SDM in community-based mental health services in Sweden. METHODS: Three semi-structured focus group interviews were conducted with 22 adult users with mental illness. The transcribed interviews were analyzed using a directed content analysis. This method was used to develop an in-depth understanding of the decisional process as well as to validate and conceptually extend Elwyn et al.'s model of SDM. RESULTS: The model Elwyn et al. have created for SDM in somatic care fits well for mental health services, both in terms of process and content. However, the results also suggest an extension of the model because decisions related to mental illness are often complex and involve a number of life domains. Issues related to social context and individual recovery point to the need for a preparation phase focused on establishing cooperation and mutual understanding as well as a clear follow-up phase that allows for feedback and adjustments to the decision-making process. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: The current study contributes to a deeper understanding of decisional and information needs among users of community-based mental health services that may reduce barriers to participation in decision-making. The results also shed light on attitudinal, relationship-based, and cognitive factors that are important to consider in adapting SDM in the mental health system.
Resumo:
This study aimed to explore adolescent boys views of masculinity and emotion management and their potential effects on well-being. Interviews with 33 adolescent boys aged 1617years in Sweden were analysed using grounded theory. We found two main categories of masculine conceptions in adolescent boys: gender-normative masculinity with emphasis on group-based values, and non-gender-normative masculinity based on personal values. Gender-normative masculinity comprised two seemingly opposite emotional masculinity orientations, one towards toughness and the other towards sensitivity, both of which were highly influenced by contextual and situational group norms and demands, despite their expressions contrasting each other. Non-gender-normative masculinity included an orientation towards sincerity emphasising the personal values of the boys; emotions were expressed more independently of peer group norms. Our findings suggest that different masculinities and the expression of emotions are strongly intertwined and that managing emotions is vital for well-being.
