Källkritik på Internet : En kvalitativ studie av den källkritiska medvetenheten hos gymnasieelever på samhällsprogrammet

This essay is an ideographic study over the capacity of high school students to use the Internet with source criticism, and their attitudes towards this media. It’s a qualitative study whose main purpose is to seek out how the students reflect upon the problems facing them when searching facts and information over the internet.The focus group is six 18 year old high school students, who are studying in a normal sized town in the middle of Sweden, and are about to finish their studies in the program for social sciences. The study was made through interviews, one on one with the students,The results of the analysis have shown that even if students not necessarily use a pre meditated method when searching for information over the internet, they do have a basic understanding of the matter, especially concerning the nature of the source, who published it and why. Not all students made any thorough comparison with other, already established media, such as TV or books, but the analysis made it clear that they more or less deliberately saw the established media as more trustworthy in general. Individuals publishing on the internet, such as bloggers and Wikipedia, are seen with the utmost skepticism while public institutions such as universities and public service TV, are generally trusted as being honest and objective, also when publishing on the internet.

Ett rikare språk med bildmunta : Vad är ett rikt språk och kan bildskapande stimulera till ett rikare språk

A richer language when painting before speaking? – What is a rich language and can painting stimulate towards a richer language?In this work I seek to answer two questions. What may a “richer” language mean and does it become richer when the informants, as a preparation, paint what they are going to talk about in front of the class, than when they do not paint? This I try to do by studying earlyer research about how to measure the richness in languages and by analysing video recordings of speeches when the students in an sfi-class (Swedish for foreigners) painted or did not paint before the speech, and by analysing the richness in their language. The result is my own definition of what rich language is in this context, and a conclusion that painting stimulates the students to use more words and to use specific words that they need to bring the audience their message.

Kinesiska affärsetableringar i Sverige : Kartläggning över områden som förbättrar chanserna att lyckas

Aim and starting point: The aim of the Bachelor thesis is to examine and define the paramount knowledge Chinese businessmen need in order to succeed with their establishment in Sweden. The authors also seek to answer what incentives attract Chinese businessmen to come to Sweden, as well as how Chinese establishments in Sweden can be predicted to appear in the future. Results/conclusions: The study outlines key areas in which Chinese businessmen should have knowledge in order to succeed with their establishment in Sweden. The results also gives an indication on how Chinese business establishments in Sweden will appear in the future, into which areas the Chinese mainly invest/establish in, as well as why and how these are done. On the basis of this material the authors generate proposals for educational packages which among others can be sold to Chinese businessmen. Knowledge overview: Here relevant theory connected to the area of study is presented. The knowledge overview presents the Swedish in relation to the Chinese perspective in areas such as: culture, hierarchy, relations, Face, communication, HRM, education, CSR and labour law. The knowledge overview can itself contribute to fostering an understanding of differences between Sweden and China. Method: The area of research has been accessed by a combination of methods. The study is both deductive and explorative. The main channel of information and data collection are in-depth interviews which are used as a deductive starting point, an expert investigation and as a Grounded Theory. As a complement the authors have also conducted a delphi study in which an expert panel answered questions concerning the future of Chinese establishments in Sweden. The deductive and explorative parts have been analyzed individually and have each generated a conclusion. These conclusions have then been interwoven in a synthesis that highlights and creates new knowledge.

Internet- den nya barnmorskan? : En enkätstudie om hur gravida kvinnor söker information om graviditet och förlossning via Internet

Bakgrund: Internet används globalt inom många områden och aktuell forskning visar att gravida kvinnor använder Internet till att söka information om graviditet och förlossning. En graviditet innebär många frågor hos kvinnan och kvinnor söker efter information för att få en trygghet och försäkran om att allt är normalt med deras hälsa och barnet i magen. Syfte: Syftet är att undersöka gravida kvinnors informationssökning via Internet avseende graviditet och förlossning. Metod: Beskrivande tvärsnittstudie. Datainsamling skedde via en enkätundersökning och data analyserades med deskriptiv och jämförande ansats. Resultat: Nästan alla kvinnor i undersökningen använde Internet för att söka information om graviditet och förlossning. Kvinnorna söker information om barnets utveckling, kost/näring och graviditetslängd i hög utsträckning. Högutbildade kvinnor har andra kriterier för trovärdighet på hemsidor än kvinnor med lägre utbildning. Slutsats: Barnmorskor bör vara medvetna om gravida kvinnors användning av Internet samt själva skapa sig en uppfattning om informationen som de gravida kvinnorna läser på Internet. Vår studie visar att barnmorskors rekommendation av hemsidor på Internet har stor betydelse för gravida kvinnor.  

Tapping into Floor Staff: Using the knowledge of floor staff to conduct formative evaluations of exhibits in a Canadian science centre

Most science centres in Canada employ science-educated floor staff to motivate visitorsto have fun while enhancing the educational reach of the exhibits. Although bright andsensitive to visitors’ needs, floor staff are rarely consulted in the planning,implementation, and modification phases of an exhibit. Instead, many developmentteams rely on costly third-party evaluations or skip the front-end and formativeevaluations all together, leading to costly errors that could have been avoided. This studywill seek to reveal a correlation between floor staff’s perception of visitors’ interactionswith an exhibit and visitors’ actual experiences. If a correlation exists, a recommendationcould be made to encourage planning teams to include floor staff in the formative andsummative evaluations of an exhibit. This is especially relevant to science centres withlimited budgets and for whom a divide exists between floor staff and management.In this study, a formative evaluation of one exhibit was conducted, measuring both floorstaff’s perceptions of the visitor experience and visitors’ own perceptions of the exhibit.Floor staff were then trained on visitor evaluation methods. A week later, floor staff andvisitors were surveyed a second time on a different exhibit to determine whether anincrease in accuracy existed.The training session increased the specificity of the motivation and comprehensionresponses and the enthusiasm of the staff, but not their ability to predict observedbehaviours with respect to ergonomics, learning indicators, holding power, and successrates. The results revealed that although floor staff underestimated visitors’ success ratesat the exhibits, staff accurately predicted visitors’ behaviours with respect to holdingpower, ergonomics, learning indicators, motivation and comprehension, both before andafter the staff training.

Egenvård vid hjärtsvikt- en enkätstudie om vilka egenvårds åtgärder personer med hjärtsvikt säger sig använda i det dagliga livet

Heart failure is an illness that requires life-long treatment and often affects everyday aspects of a person’s life. Self-care is a significant part of the treatment. Good self-care resources make it possible for people with heart failure to make the lifestyle changes they often need to maintain or improve their level of health. Self-care means having knowledge of and being able to recognize the symptoms and signs of deterioration that can occur with heart failure, so that the person can take appropriate measures – and it also means knowing when it is time to seek professional help. The significance of self-care for heart failure has increased and will increase even more in the future, when monitoring one’s condition will be left more and more to the people themselves and those who take care of them. The object of the study was to learn what self-care measures people with heart failure say they apply in everyday life. The quantitative method of a questionnaire study (The European Heart Failure Self-Care Behaviour Scale) was used. Of the 94 people registered at a heart failure unit who were asked to complete the questionnaire, 58 of them consented. The results showed that more than 95% of the people with heart failure applied the recommended self-care measure of taking the medicines prescribed by their doctor. Many also applied the self-care measures of taking a rest during the day (83%) and taking it easy when they felt out of breath (78%). On the other hand, the self-care measures of daily weight control were applied only by 41%, daily exercise by only 48% and salt and fluid restrictions by only 59%. The self-care measures of contacting a doctor/nurse when noticing problems or symptoms of deterioration were applied by only 36% of those who felt out of breath and by only 43% of those who felt increased fatigue. The conclusion is that there is a need to improve the knowledge about and confidence in self-care treatment for people with heart failure. One way of achieving this is to show that people with heart failure check for symptoms and apply measures in their homes as part of the treatment and that this leads to an increased quality of life.

The Role of Gay Spaces for a Gay Destination : Gay Tourism in Gran Canaria

This thesis has the aim to evaluate the role of gay spaces in Gran Canaria as a gay tourists destination with particular reference to gay exclusive resorts. The validation of the gay identity is a key motivation for homosexuals to travel, in order to connect with other homosexuals and experience the gay life that they might not be able to experience at home. Gay spaces have been defined both as liberated areas as well as ghettos, where the homosexuals are, in a way, restrained. The method chosen, a small number of semi- structured interviews with managers of gay exclusive resorts in Maspalomas, the hub of gay life in Gran Canaria, where major LGBT events are held, there is a gay friendly environment, a thriving gay scene and many gay exclusive resorts. In the case of Gran Canaria the gay-specific offer is complementary to the ‘regular’ tourism offer, as they coexist, complement and at times overlap. Nevertheless the gay centric holiday is still predominant amongst gay men, and it is likely to continue to be according to the informants. This is because gay tourists seek freedom and a sense of inclusion that they would not be able to find in mixed environments.

Förståelse, bedömningar och hjälpinsatser : Socialarbetares arbete med män som våldsoffer

This report outlines the background to, and presents the results from the Crime Victim Compensation and Support Authority funded project "Social Workers' understanding of men as victims of crime". The project aimed at describing and analyzing how social workers understand and work with male victims of violence. More precisely, the research has focused on how social workers describe men's vulnerability and how they understand men's needs for assistance, what assistance that is provided and the way the constellations of perpetrators and victims of different gender and contexts in which the violence occurs in affect the understanding of male victims of violence. The study has also been devoted to the question of whether the Support Centers for young crime victims in Sweden provide different types of and different amount of help to young men and women afflicted of violence. The project was conducted in three substudies. The results from substudy 1 show that more young men than women seek support from the Support centers studied. Men predominate in number of cases and in the different categories of crime. The results also show that young men on average receive less assistance over a shorter average duration than young women. This applies irrespective of the category of offense that the vulnerability applies to. Furthermore, the young men, compared to the women, proportionally receive fewer interventions characterized as support and a greater proportion of interventions in the form of information. The results also show that the young men are referred on for further action to a lesser extent than is the case for women. The results from substudy 2 show that social workers tend to focus on whether, and to what extent, young men who are victims of violence themselves have behaved provocatively before the violence incident and if they have put themselves in a social situation that could be interpreted as having contributed to an escalation of the violence they have been subjected to. The results from substudy 2 also show that social workers talk about the men as active in the violent situations they have been involved in and dwell on the extent to which the young men's own actions have contributed to the violence. The results also show that young men who are victims of violence are described as "reluctant" victims who are trying to cope with their situation on their own without the involvement of professional or other helper. The young men are also described as reluctant to talk about their feelings. The results of substudy 3 show that social workers believe that young men, when they become victims of violence, risks losing their sense of autonomy, initiative and decisiveness, that is, attributes that are often linked to the dominating cultural image of masculinity. Furthermore, the results show that social workers estimate that men's practicing of their masculinity, but also the response that men who are traumatized get from society, creates difficulties for them to get help. The results from substudy 3 also shows that attributes and actions that can be connected to the masculinity of young men's, as well as a lack of such attributes and actions are considered to be adequate explanations for the violence the men has suffered. When it comes to violence in public places it is the masculinity that explains the violence and its escalation. When it comes to domestic violence it is the lack of expected male attributes and actions that are used as explanations for the violence that have occurred. The discussion is devoted to the question of how the results should be understood based on the concepts of self-performance, interpretation, negotiation and categorizations, and the consequences the results obtained should have for gender sensitive social work given to abused men.

Push or pull? : The relationship between quality of care and use of complementary and alternative medicine among patients with lung cancer in Sweden

Little is known about relationships between quality of care (QoC) and use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) among patients with lung cancer (LC). Purpose: This study examines CAM-use among patients with LC in Sweden, associations between QoC and CAM-use among these patients, and reported aspects of LC-care perceived as particularly positive and negative by patients, as well as suggestions for improving QoC. Methods: Survey data from 94 patient members of the Swedish LC patient organization about CAM-use and QoC as measured by the instrument “Quality from the patient’s perspective” were analyzed. Results: Fifty (53%) LC-patients used CAM, with 40 of the CAM-users reporting that CAM helped them. The most common CAMs used were dietary supplements and natural remedies, followed by prayer. Significantly more patients reported using prayer and meditation for cure than was the case for other types of CAM used. Less than half the CAM-users reported having spoken with staff from the biomedical health care system about their CAM-use. Patients provided numerous suggestions for improving LC-care in a variety of areas, aiming at a more effective and cohesive care trajectory. No differences in QoC were found between CAM-users and non-CAM-users, but differences in CAM-use i.e. type of CAM, reasons for using CAM, and CAM-provider consulted could be associated with different experiences of care. Conclusions: It is important to recognize that CAM-users are not a homogeneous group but might seek different types of CAMs and CAM-providers in different situations depending on experiences of care.

Sociologin, hybriderna och den sociala verkligheten : exemplet kärnavfall

Sociology, hybrids and social reality: the case of nuclear waste The continuing technological transformation of nature means that sociology’s traditional vision of a sharp divide between nature and society is becoming ever harder to defend. Starting from Bruno Latour’s critique of modernity, and Nikolas Rose’s explorations of political power beyond the state, this article presents a framework for analysing the expanding wealth of hybrids of nature and society surrounding us today, and the problems of government they pose. These hybrids confront us with the need to rethink sociology’s conception of ‘the social’. With Latour’s help, the interplay of nature and society can be understood as subject to technical mediation, opening the way for studies of the varying arrangements through which different configurations of nature and society are produced. Rather than alternative social constructions of nature, what sociologists should be at pains to analyse and question are different programmes and strategies for bringing together natural and social forces in durable combinations. In the article, the geological disposal of nuclear waste serves as a useful example for exploring the fruitfulness of the analytical framework put forward. This complex undertaking constitutes just one component in a larger field of technoscientific endeavour that has irrevocably transformed nature while simultaneously re-making society. Addressing this case, we seek to reveal the promise of a sociology that does not bound ‘the social’ in advance, but rather makes the co-production of technology and society one of its most important objects of study.

Unga vuxnas upplevelse av sjuksköterskans bemötande av psykisk ohälsa vid kontakt med hälso- och sjukvården - en litteraturöversikt

Bakgrund: Unga vuxna som sökte vård sökte oftast inte för den psykiska ohälsan utan istället för något somatiskt. Det är viktigt att få de yngre vuxna att söka sig till vården när behov uppstår och underlätta till en god förbindelse mellan sjukvården och de unga vuxna. Syfte: Syftet med denna studie var att beskriva unga vuxnas upplevelser av sjuksköterskans bemötande av psykisk ohälsa vid kontakt med hälso- och sjukvården. Metod: Studien genomfördes som en litteraturöversikt. Resultat: För de unga vuxna var det inte lätt att komma in i vården på rätt vårdnivå om personen inte kom i kontakt med en sjuksköterska som hade ett holistiskt synsätt. Vården för de unga med psykisk ohälsa bör vara tillgänglig och informationen om tillgängligheten behöver ständigt upprepas. Slutsats: Det är viktigt att sjuksköterskor har kunskap och erfarenhet av unga psykiska människor för att kunna hjälpa dem med den psykiska ohälsan när de söker vård. Relationen mellan patienten och sjuksköterskan är av stor vikt för den fortsatta kontakten med vården för den unge vuxna. Det är viktigt att de känner tillit och förtroende.

Kvinnors erfarenheter av sjuksköterskors bemötande i vårdandet av deras bröstcancer En litteraturöversikt

Bakgrund: Bröstcancer är den vanligaste cancerformen bland kvinnor i Sverige. Att drabbas av bröstcancer beskrivs som en utmaning för kvinnans självkänsla, självbild, kvinnlighet och existens. Kvinnorna vill bli bemötta som en enskild individ och inte som en diagnos samt uppleva känslomässigt stöd från sjuksköterskorna. Syfte: Syftet är att genom en vetenskaplig litteraturöversikt beskriva vad kvinnor med bröstcancer har för erfarenheter av sjuksköterskors bemötande. Metod: Underlaget till denna litteraturöversikt består av 15 kvalitativa artiklar varav två delvis kvantitativa. Litteraturen har sökts via databaserna PubMed och Cinahl. Resultatet har sammanställts med hjälp av en analysmetod för kvalitativ forskning. Resultat: Majoriteten av kvinnorna var nöjda och tillfreds med sjuksköterskornas bemötande. Få kvinnor uttryckte missnöje. Kvinnorna uttryckte att sjuksköterskorna hade en viktig roll under deras sjukdomstid och kunde tillmötesgå deras behov. Sjuksköterskornas bemötande uppfattades empatiskt, hänsynsfullt och omtänksamt. De negativa erfarenheter vissa kvinnor beskrev var dålig uppföljning, obesvarade frågor om psykiska besvär, brist på emotionellt stöd och en rädsla av att vara till besvär. Slutsats: Sjuksköterskorna spelar en central roll i mötet med- och i tillfrisknandet hos kvinnor med bröstcancer.

Bemötande i vården vid övervikts- och fetmaproblematik En litteraturöversikt

Bakgrund: Övervikt och fetma orsakar idag fler dödsfall än undervikt. Det är ett folkhälsoproblem som ökar över hela världen. Övervikt och fetma leder till såväl fysiska som psykiska problem och besvär för den drabbade. Forskning har visat att patienter med övervikt eller fetma upplever mest stigmatisering i vuxen ålder. Syfte: Syftet med denna litteraturöversikt är att belysa bemötandet av patienter med övervikts- och fetmaproblematik ur patientens och vårdpersonalens perspektiv. Metoder: En litteraturöversikt. Resultat: Det framkom att patienter med högre BMI upplevde negativt bemötande från vårdpersonal, att de inte blev hörda. Patienterna sökte inte gärna vård. Det framkommer att vårdpersonalen hade en negativ attityd till patienter med övervikt eller fetma och ville helst inte vårda dessa. Slutsats: Patienter med övervikt eller fetma är en utsatt patientgrupp i såväl samhälle som inom vården. Patienterna upplever att de inte blir hörda och inte blir tagna på allvar. Vårdpersonal är enig om att vården måste hjälpa dessa patienter, trots det uppger en stor del av vårdpersonal att de inte vill vårda patienter med övervikt eller fetma relaterat till tidsbrist.

Barnmorskors strategier för att främja fysisk aktivitet under graviditeten : En Kvalitativ Intervjustudie

Fysisk aktivitet är viktigt för att främja hälsa och förebygga ohälsa och bör även rekommenderas till kvinnor under graviditeten. Barnmorskan har en central roll i det hälsofrämjande arbetet då hon ibland är den enda hälso- och sjukvårdspersonal som träffar kvinnan under graviditeten. Det finns rekommendationer för hur mycket den gravida kvinnan bör träna men studier visar att det är få som följer dessa. Barnmorskan upplever det svårt att ge råd och det finns ett behov av att hitta strategier som kan användas i arbetet med att främja fysisk aktivitet. Syftet med denna studie var att beskriva barnmorskors strategier för att främja fysisk aktivitet under graviditeten. Studien utfördes enligt kvalitativ metod där semistrukturerade intervjuer användes för insamling av data som sedan analyserades utifrån tematisk analys. I studien framkom ett flertal olika strategier som barnmorskorna använde för att främja fysisk aktivitet under graviditeten; Att ge råd, Att motivera, Att söka stöd i omgivningen, Att individualisera, Att vårda relationen och Att utveckla. Studien visade också att barnmorskorna upplevde arbetet med att främja fysisk aktivitet som viktigt men svårt. Författarna anser att strategierna är användbara, inte bara av barnmorskan utan även av annan personal inom hälso- och sjukvården som arbetar med att främja fysisk aktivitet under graviditeten.