Videography as production nexus : digital film cameras, media mangement and the distribution of creativity

This thesis is about new digital moving image recording technologies and how they augment the distribution of creativity and the flexibility in moving image production systems, but also impose constraints on how images flow through the production system. The central concept developed in this thesis is ‘creative space’ which links quality and efficiency in moving image production to time for creative work, capacity of digital tools, user skills and the constitution of digital moving image material. The empirical evidence of this thesis is primarily based on semi-structured interviews conducted with Swedish film and TV production representatives.This thesis highlights the importance of pre-production technical planning and proposes a design management support tool (MI-FLOW) as a way to leverage functional workflows that is a prerequisite for efficient and cost effective moving image production.

Talangfabriken : Om organisation av kunskap och kreativitet i skivindustrin

The purpose of this dissertation is to describe, explain and understand how record companies identify and develop new music and new talent. The analysis is carried out on three levels: individual, organizational and sector level. In a record company, this task formally goes to A&R (Artist and Repertoire). This dissertation takes its point of departure in how the capacity for discovering new talent can be understood in terms of knowledge, creativity and competence and how this capacity is affected in the meeting between the record company and the industry. The theoretical framework of the dissertation spans two sociological fields: the sociology of organizations and the sociology of knowledge. While it takes its organizational starting point in the Knowledge Company Approach, it employs a practice-based approach to discuss knowledge. I argue that within the Knowledge company approach there are two contrasting ways to understand knowledge; a distinction is made between knowledge- and creativity-intensive enterprises. The results show that the record industry’s polarized structure can be seen as a result of the Knowledge Company’s typical problems. The A&R’s work is described as including two phases, one intuitive and one analytical. The intuitive assessment is direct, unconscious and without reflection. This ability has been described as "intuition" and "gut feeling". The analytical phase adds analysis and reflection based on knowledge. The results from the interviews with A&R’s reveal the limit of formal and explicit knowledge not only in the choice of music but also in the marketing strategies. The overarching picture is one in which record companies move in a space characterized by tension between dichotomous forces – art and commercialism, creativity and knowledge, culture and economy, chaos and order, but where opposite poles are not mutually exclusive but complementary.

De anställdas outnyttjade kreativitet : En fallstudie på Ica DE Borlänge

Syftet med examensarbetet var att med utgångspunkt i ett konkret exempel, beskriva hur företag kan organisera verksamheten för att ta till vara på de anställdas outnyttjade kreativitet. Materialet i examensarbetet kan mycket väl tillämpas och användas i andra organisationer än den studerade organisationen Ica DE Borlänge. Dock bör beaktande tas till den specifika kontexten som föreligger vid implementeringen av materialet. Med stöd av den teoretiska referensramen visar resultaten av analysen ett behov av en ny organisationsstruktur med tydliga roller och nya belöningssystem. Den studerade organisationen är en lärande organisation där ett medarbetarengagemang söker främjas. Genom en ny organisationsstruktur med tydliga roller ökar detta medarbetarengagemanget och fler genomförda förbättringar genomförs snabbare, vilket bidrar till att de anställdas outnyttjade kreativitet tillvaratas på ett framgångsrikt sätt. De nya belöningssystemen flyttar fokus till medarbetarengagemanget och förbättringsarbetet, vilket främjar ett genomsyrande Lean-tänkande i organisationen. Belöningssystemen skapar även jämnare produktionsflöden som höjer arbetssäkerheten, ökar produktionskvalitén, minimerar stress samt skapar goda förutsättningar för att beräkna personalbemanningen. Kvalitativa metoder har använts för datainsamlingen. Dessa utfördes genom en förstudie och en fallstudie. Fallstudien bestod utav bakgrundsintervjuer, en intervjustudie samt en observation. Det empiriska materialet visar att organisationen arbetar med ett omfattande förbättringsarbete i alla organisatoriska nivåer. Både chefer och medarbetare har viljan och ambitionen att få till ett framgångsrikt förbättringsarbete, men trots flera års arbete med Lean efterfrågas ändå mer tid, bättre organisationsstruktur samt en sambandskoordinatör med specialistkompetens som driver förbättringsarbetet framåt. Empirin ger en viss indikation på att förbättringsverksamheten har anpassats och organiserats till den befintliga organisationsstrukturen. Förbättringsarbetet torde bli mer framgångsrikt om verksamheten anpassas och organiseras utefter de anställdas outnyttjade kreativitet istället. I summering av slutsatsen åskådliggörs två centrala variabler som kan bidra till långsiktiga framgångar i arbetet med att tillvarata de anställdas outnyttjade kreativitet. En ny organisationsstruktur med tydliga roller som fokuserar på förbättringsarbetet samt nya belöningssystem för inlämnade förbättringsförslag, skulle vara av stor betydelse för ett långsiktigt medarbetarengagemang i en framgångsrik organisation.

Nurses' research utilization two years after graduation : a national survey ofassociated individual, organizational, and educational factors

Background. Nurses' research utilization (RU) as part of evidence-based practice is strongly emphasized in today's nursing education and clinical practice. The primary aim of RU is to provide high-quality nursing care to patients. Data on newly graduated nurses' RU are scarce, but a predominance of low use has been reported in recent studies. Factors associated with nurses' RU have previously been identified among individual and organizational/contextual factors, but there is a lack of knowledge about how these factors, including educational ones, interact with each other and with RU, particularly in nurses during the first years after graduation. The purpose of this study was therefore to identify factors that predict the probability for low RU among registered nurses two years after graduation. Methods. Data were collected as part of the LANE study (Longitudinal Analysis of Nursing Education), a Swedish national survey of nursing students and registered nurses. Data on nurses' instrumental, conceptual, and persuasive RU were collected two years after graduation (2007, n = 845), together with data on work contextual factors. Data on individual and educational factors were collected in the first year (2002) and last term of education (2004). Guided by an analytic schedule, bivariate analyses, followed by logistic regression modeling, were applied. Results. Of the variables associated with RU in the bivariate analyses, six were found to be significantly related to low RU in the final logistic regression model: work in the psychiatric setting, role ambiguity, sufficient staffing, low work challenge, being male, and low student activity. Conclusions. A number of factors associated with nurses' low extent of RU two years postgraduation were found, most of them potentially modifiable. These findings illustrate the multitude of factors related to low RU extent and take their interrelationships into account. This knowledge might serve as useful input in planning future studies aiming to improve nurses', specifically newly graduated nurses', RU.