7 resultados para Critical P Concentration
em Dalarna University College Electronic Archive
Resumo:
The aim of the study was to test whether or not menstruating women’s levels of haemoglobin changed after three weeks consumption of Blutsaft. Previous studies on nutrition supplements including iron have shown increased haemoglobin levels. On Blutsaft, however, there are no studies carried out and published. The participants in this pilot study were menstruating women, with haemoglobin levels between 105 and 125 g/l at the initial part of the study. Haemoglobin concentrations were measured by capillary blood samples before and after three weeks recommended daily consumption of Blutsaft. Four participants completed the study and the result showed an increase in haemoglobin concentration of between 7 and 17 g/l., with a median value at 16,75 g/l. Despite the few participants who completed the study a significant increase in haemoglobin concentration, after the consumption of Blutsaft, can be determined.
Resumo:
Bakgrund: Många patienter uttrycker ett behov av att fylla den minneslucka som finns sedan intensivvårdstiden både vad gäller tid och innehåll. Detta var anledningen till att vårdpersonal på intensivvårdsavdelningar började använda dagbok till kritiskt sjuka patienter. Syfte: Att belysa patienters upplevelser av att ta del av sin dagbok från vårdtiden på intensivvårdsavdelning. Metod: Litteraturöversikt. Artikelsökning utfördes i databaserna CINAHL och PubMed. I resultatet ingick tio vetenskapligt granskade artiklar, sju kvalitativa och tre kvantitativa. Resultat: Patienterna upplevde det som värdefullt att läsa dagboken och att titta på fotografierna eftersom det gav dem en uppfattning om vad som hade hänt och hur sjuka de hade varit. Genom dagboken fick patienterna en större sjukdomsinsikt och en mer realistisk målsättning för tillfrisknandet. Det var krävande och det väcktes starka känslor och reaktioner hos patienterna när de läste i dagboken. Dagboken fungerade som ett stöd för lång tid framöver. Patienterna uppskattade detaljerad och kontinuerligt skriven information och att dagboken var skriven med en personlig och mänsklig ton samt med ett språk som var lätt att förstå. Fotografier upplevdes av de flesta patienterna som positivt och blev ett bevis på vad de gått igenom. Det uppföljande återbesöket på IVA mottagning beskrevs av patienterna som betydelsefullt för att öka förståelsen av innehållet i dagboken och av vad som hänt under vårdtiden på IVA. Slutsats/Konklusion: Tidigare kritiskt sjuka patienter upplever, genom att ta del av dagbok från vårdtiden på intensivvårdsavdelning, större förståelse och bearbetning av sin sjukdomsperiod, vilket skulle kunna medföra förbättrad hälsa och ökad livskvalitet.
Resumo:
The narrative of the United States is of a "nation of immigrants" in which the language shift patterns of earlier ethnolinguistic groups have tended towards linguistic assimilation through English. In recent years, however, changes in the demographic landscape and language maintenance by non-English speaking immigrants, particularly Hispanics, have been perceived as threats and have led to calls for an official English language policy.This thesis aims to contribute to the study of language policy making from a societal security perspective as expressed in attitudes regarding language and identity originating in the daily interaction between language groups. The focus is on the role of language and American identity in relation to immigration. The study takes an interdisciplinary approach combining language policy studies, security theory, and critical discourse analysis. The material consists of articles collected from four newspapers, namely USA Today, The New York Times, Los Angeles Times, and San Francisco Chronicle between April 2006 and December 2007.Two discourse types are evident from the analysis namely Loyalty and Efficiency. The former is mainly marked by concerns of national identity and contains speech acts of security related to language shift, choice and English for unity. Immigrants are represented as dehumanised, and harmful. Immigration is given as sovereignty-related, racial, and as war. The discourse type of Efficiency is mainly instrumental and contains speech acts of security related to cost, provision of services, health and safety, and social mobility. Immigrants are further represented as a labour resource. These discourse types reflect how the construction of the linguistic 'we' is expected to be maintained. Loyalty is triggered by arguments that the collective identity is threatened and is itself used in reproducing the collective 'we' through hegemonic expressions of monolingualism in the public space and semi-public space. The denigration of immigrants is used as a tool for enhancing societal security through solidarity and as a possible justification for the denial of minority rights. Also, although language acquisition patterns still follow the historical trend of language shift, factors indicating cultural separateness such as the appearance of speech communities or the use of minority languages in the public space and semi-public space have led to manifestations of intolerance. Examples of discrimination and prejudice towards minority groups indicate that the perception of worth of a shared language differs from the actual worth of dominant language acquisition for integration purposes. The study further indicates that the efficient working of the free market by using minority languages to sell services or buy labour is perceived as conflicting with nation-building notions since it may create separately functioning sub-communities with a new cultural capital recognised as legitimate competence. The discourse types mainly represent securitising moves constructing existential threats. The perception of threat and ideas of national belonging are primarily based on a zero-sum notion favouring monolingualism. Further, the identity of the immigrant individual is seen as dynamic and adaptable to assimilationist measures whereas the identity of the state and its members are perceived as static. Also, the study shows that debates concerning language status are linked to extra-linguistic matters. To conclude, policy makers in the US need to consider the relationship between four factors, namely societal security based on collective identity, individual/human security, human rights, and a changing linguistic demography, for proposed language intervention measures to be successful.
Resumo:
Ett använt begrepp när det gäller tonårstjejer och sexualitet är sexuell agens, att handla efter egna beslut. Avsikten med denna studie är att nå en ökad förståelse av vad som påverkar utvecklingen av sexuell agens hos tonårstjejer, utifrån berättelser av två professioner vid ungdomsmottagningar. Syftet är också att göra en kritisk analys och en sociologisk teoretisering av upplevelsen av sexuell agens samt utifrån ett maktperspektiv utreda dess disciplinerande och frigörande potential. Tidigare forskning visar främst att det finns en avsaknad av lust och kunskap hos tonårstjejer samt att deras förmåga att ta självständiga beslut i relation till sexualitet är avhängt deras agens. I denna studie genomfördes kvalitativa intervjuer med barnmorskor och kuratorer vid ungdomsmottagningar. Tematisk analysmetod användes vid tolkningsförfarandet. Det empiriska materialet visade bland annat att tonårstjejers agens är influerat av yttre påverkan, gränssättning, skam, självförtroende och kunskap. För att nå en sociologisk förståelse av det empiriska materialet har sociologiska perspektiv på sexualitet, makt samt Foucaults teori om kroppens disciplinering använts. Baserat på professionerna vid ungdomsmottagningarna visade analysen att utvecklingen av sexuell agens gynnas av kunskap och självförtroende, hämmas av påverkan och skam samt både gynnas och hämmas av gränssättning. Den fördjupade analysen visade att sexuell agens kan skapa autonoma beslut, vilket minskar sårbarheten för maktens disciplin och därmed verkar frigörande inom disciplinens egendefinierade gränser. En avslutande slutsats var att upplevelsen av sexuell agens bör förstås som främst disciplinerande.
Resumo:
In the shadow of ethno-cultural stereotypes: gender, equity and ethnic relations in Sweden Scientific debates about cultural differences between ”Swedes” and migrants/ethnic minorities in Sweden have fuelled stereotypical categorizations and a socio-cultural demarcation between ”us” and ”them”. The authors argue that this development has underpinned constructions of foreignness. In the light of a critical review of the current debate on honour related violence, the authors discuss – inspired by Georg Simmel’s and Erving Goffman’s classic texts on the stranger, the stigma and the construction of foreignness – alternative understandings of culture and politics of belonging with a focus on gender, agency and identity formation. Formation of cultural and ethnic identity should be related, the authors conclude, to a dynamic interplay between the past and the present. Moreover, the social dimension should be highlighted, in order to avoid a stigmatizing culturalism.
Resumo:
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Resumo:
This research aims to relate the modern Swedish curriculum development to the political discourses liberalization and European integration through a critical discourse analysis of the Swedish curriculum Gy2011. These political discourses constitute the cultural context of Gy2011, which according to critical discourse theory is synonymous with the terms social sphere or praxis. The term cultural context includes the environment in which the text has been created as well as its intertextuality – in this case its relations to earlier curricula. The analysis of Gy2011 exhumes scientific research done in the field of curriculum studies, which enables future research. The Gy2011 analysis shows that the political discourses liberalization and European integration stands out within the texts cultural context, and have done so for more than 70 years, a fact that is illustrated by an overview of Swedish curricula history. This research also illuminates how the liberalization discourse accelerated during the 1980’s, by both social democrats and the political right, and that the European integration process has gained momentum in recent years.