Economic crisis and the financial system amplification effect

A well informed and cautious financial system can improves the welfare outcome of an economy by driving lenders surplus to borrow-ers. Nevertheless in a crisis situation the financial system cautious behavior can become a crisis amplifier given that the credit approval conditions are hardly meet, so there could be a credit crunch even in a low interest rates environment. This paper illustrates the previous by developing a general equilibrium model where the collateral credit condition defines the prudential behavior of the financial sys-tem. This and some other conditions amplify the magnitude of a negative productivity shock.

Diagnostic Related Groups (drgs): Resourceful tools for financial crisis times?

This document is intended to be read by the Colombian Ministry of Social Protection (former MoH) and includes some recommendations that could be implemented on the aim to increase allocative efficiency, thus improving macroeconomic performance of the Colombian Health System (CHS). It will be conducted as follows: first it will briefly review the background and actual context of the CHS, after this, will mention some related issues that justify a policy intervention on strategic purchasing to promote long run sustainability and hopefully the future attainment of major goals such as universal coverage and quality improvement. After prioritizing the main financial threats to the system, based on findings from literature review from countries that have successfully implemented similar policies, this paper will make some policy recommendations on regards especially to inpatient health care services in Colombia.

Measuring and testing for the systemically important financial institutions

This paper analyzes the measure of systemic importance ∆CoV aR proposed by Adrian and Brunnermeier (2009, 2010) within the context of a similar class of risk measures used in the risk management literature. In addition, we develop a series of testing procedures, based on ∆CoV aR, to identify and rank the systemically important institutions. We stress the importance of statistical testing in interpreting the measure of systemic importance. An empirical application illustrates the testing procedures, using equity data for three European banks.

Financial protection for the poor in Colombia: the effects of a subsidized health insurance scheme

Financial protection is one of the objectives of health systems, which protects poor households from falling into poverty as a result of health care related expenses. Expanding prepayment schemes to the poor is difficult in developing countries because labor is largely informal. Providing health care free-at-point-of-service does not adequately target spending on the poorest, but occupation- or community-based schemes have also inherent limitations to achieve universal coverage. Colombia adopted a government-subsidized health insurance scheme (SHI) strategy. The political debate about increasing SHI enrollment needs evidence about the effectiveness of this scheme regarding financial protection. This study runs a four-part model to estimate the effect of SHI on out-of-pocket expenses by the poor that are currently uninsured, if they were enrolled in the SHI. The results show a 43% and 50% reduction in expenses at Bogotá and national level respectively, which confirms the effectiveness of SHI as a financial protection tool.

Incidencia de la estrategia colombiana de desarrollo bajo en carbono en el mercado de bonos de carbono en Colombia

La presente investigación tiene como objetivo principal determinar el papel de la estrategia colombiana de desarrollo bajo en carbono en el mercado de bonos de carbono en Colombia. Esto con el fin de demostrar que las acciones nacionalmente apropiadas de mitigación NAMAS son un mecanismo de mitigación y puede no tener una incidencia en la oferta ni tampoco en la demanda del mercado de bonos de carbono en Colombia. Esta investigación se llevará a cabo por medio de un estudio de caso con un enfoque institucionalista. Se utilizará el método de investigación cualitativo, ya que se intenta medir las cualidades de la estrategia colombiana de desarrollo bajo en carbono mediante un análisis documental, teniendo como referencia las fuentes primarias; el Conpes 3700 de 2011, entrevistas a expertos del Ministerio de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible, Fundación Natura, ConTREEbute, Área Metropolitana del Valle de Aburra, y fuentes secundarias, entre otras.

Juan Valdez: Resurgimiento de una marca

La Federación Nacional de Cafeteros fue fundada en el año 1927 con el objetivo de elevar el nivel de vida de los caficultores y dar a conocer la calidad del café Colombiano en el mundo. Parte del trabajo de la federación ha sido el posicionamiento a nivel mundial del café Colombiano, para lo cual ha utilizado varias campañas publicitarias entre las cuales se destaca la creación en el año 1959 del icono Juan Valdez con su mula Conchita. Así mismo, en noviembre del año 2002 la Federación Nacional de Cafeteros creó la empresa Procafecol S.A. con el objetivo de generar negocios de valor agregado para los cafeteros y desarrollar las actividades empresariales bajo la marca Juan Valdez Café. En el año 2005 Procafecol S.A. inició el proceso de expansión internacional, para el año 2013 la compañía reportaba utilidades alrededor de los cuatro mil millones de pesos colombianos y excelentes cifras de expansión. Sin embargo, desde la apertura de la primera tienda Juan Valdez en el año 2002 la marca generaba pérdidas, que alcanzaron aproximadamente diecinueve mil millones de pesos colombianos en el año 2012. (Procafecol S.A., 2013) Teniendo en cuenta que es necesario tener herramientas que permitan generar estrategias desde la dirección y gerencia para asegurar la perdurabilidad en las empresas, adscrito al GIPE (Grupo de Investigación en Perdurabilidad Empresarial), se realizó este estudio de caso como parte de la línea de investigación de Realidad empresarial. Con el fin de analizar el caso de Procafecol S.A. y su marca Juan Valdez, e ilustrar el resurgimiento de la compañía después de 9 años de presentar pérdidas en el ejercicio financiero. (Escuela de administración Universidad del Rosario, 2013)

Network externalities across financial institutions

We propose and estimate a financial distress model that explicitly accounts for the interactions or spill-over effects between financial institutions, through the use of a spatial continuity matrix that is build from financial network data of inter bank transactions. Such setup of the financial distress model allows for the empirical validation of the importance of network externalities in determining financial distress, in addition to institution specific and macroeconomic covariates. The relevance of such specification is that it incorporates simultaneously micro-prudential factors (Basel 2) as well as macro-prudential and systemic factors (Basel 3) as determinants of financial distress. Results indicate network externalities are an important determinant of financial health of a financial institutions. The parameter that measures the effect of network externalities is both economically and statistical significant and its inclusion as a risk factor reduces the importance of the firm specific variables such as the size or degree of leverage of the financial institution. In addition we analyze the policy implications of the network factor model for capital requirements and deposit insurance pricing.