Reflections about Complicity and its Application in some Socio Economics Crimes

In Colombia, the definitions of crimes are found in the special part of the Criminal Code. They are set out as though the only way of to commit them was by being the author of the punishable conduct there described. Nevertheless, in the general part of the Criminal Code, we find other forms of criminal responsibility for the conduct described in the special part. Complicity is one of those ways. Although complicity is established in the Criminal Code, it does not appear as a criminal definition and, as such it is ignored or, worse, applied incorrectly. For those reasons, this article tries to reflect upon the validity of complicity. Accordingly, this article analyzes: what is complicity, what is the difference between complicity and co-authorship and how would complicity work in some practical cases related to socio-economic crimes, in which it has being overlooked or, has been used incorrectly. The article concludes that complicity is still valid, and that the correct application of complicity materializes the ideal of justice.

On the exhaustiveness of truncation and dropping strategies in many-to-many matching markets

We consider two–sided many–to–many matching markets in which each worker may work for multiple firms and each firm may hire multiple workers. We study individual and group manipulations in centralized markets that employ (pairwise) stable mechanisms and that require participants to submit rank order lists of agents on the other side of the market. We are interested in simple preference manipulations that have been reported and studied in empirical and theoretical work: truncation strategies, which are the lists obtained by removing a tail of least preferred partners from a preference list, and the more general dropping strategies, which are the lists obtained by only removing partners from a preference list (i.e., no reshuffling). We study when truncation / dropping strategies are exhaustive for a group of agents on the same side of the market, i.e., when each match resulting from preference manipulations can be replicated or improved upon by some truncation / dropping strategies. We prove that for each stable mechanism, truncation strategies are exhaustive for each agent with quota 1 (Theorem 1). We show that this result cannot be extended neither to group manipulations (even when all quotas equal 1 – Example 1), nor to individual manipulations when the agent’s quota is larger than 1 (even when all other agents’ quotas equal 1 – Example 2). Finally, we prove that for each stable mechanism, dropping strategies are exhaustive for each group of agents on the same side of the market (Theorem 2), i.e., independently of the quotas.

Aplicación de la Teoría de Restricciones en la gestión de la seguridad del paciente

La seguridad del paciente constituye una prioridad y un reto para los organismos Gubernamentales y para las instituciones de salud tanto a nivel nacional como internacional (Sescam, 2007), quienes han emprendido una búsqueda de soluciones por medio de diferentes metodologías y estrategias que permitan reducir al máximo los riesgos de la atención de salud para el paciente (Ministerio de Sanidad y Consumo, 2002). Aunque se cuenta con mejores sistemas o metodología de análisis y sistemas de notificación la persistencia del fenómeno es constante. ( Requena, Aranaz, Gea, Limón, Miralles, & Vitaller , 2010). En esta tesis se plantea una nueva alternativa de gestión en la seguridad del paciente a través de la Teoría de Restricciones (TOC) para emprender acciones que permitan analizar el sistema bajo esta nueva metodología, intervenir de manera oportuna, impactar y estimular al personal de salud a trabajar en la búsqueda del mejoramiento continuo para el establecimiento de un sistema efectivo de gestión de la seguridad del paciente y una cultura de seguridad de los trabajadores de la institución de salud.

Teoría de restricciones aplicada a la cadena de suministros en un operador logístico de productos farmacéuticos

En las instituciones hospitalarias es fundamental el tema relacionado con los medicamentos y dispositivos médicos para la atención del paciente, por lo tanto el mecanismo de adquisición y disponibilidad de éstos productos, ha llevado a la participación masiva de operadores logísticos (Outsoursing) interviniendo áreas de la cadena de suministros, desde el punto de fabricación con el producto terminado hasta la dispensación del medicamento o dispositivo médico, para que ser usado o administrado al paciente. Los operadores logísticos han emprendido una búsqueda de soluciones por medio de diferentes metodologías y estrategias que permitan entregar a tiempo en las farmacias hospitalarias, conservando las propiedades físicas y químicas de los medicamentos y dispositivos médicos, garantizando así la calidad de los productos. En ésta tesis se plantea una nueva alternativa de gestión de medicamentos y dispositivos médicos en un operador logístico de productos farmacéuticos a través de la teoría de restricciones (TOC), para emprender acciones que permitan analizar el sistema bajo esta metodología, intervenir de manera oportuna, impactar y estimular al personal a trabajar en la búsqueda del mejoramiento , aumentando a su vez la velocidad del flujo de operación en toda la cadena de suministros, basada no en el mejoramiento de los óptimos locales o de los subprocesos sino en la identificación de la verdadera restricción del sistema, permitiendo realizar un análisis más a fondo encontrando el conflicto raíz para mejorar el sistema a nivel global.

Analysis of the alveolar recruitment maneuvers applied at seven intensive care units

Introduction: During the past years, alveolar recruitment maneuvers (RM) have produced growing interest due to their beneficial potential in pulmonary protection, and have been introduced in clinical practice. Objective: To describe and analyze the knowledge of MR and its application at seven intensive care units in the city of Cali, Colombia. Methods and materials: Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study with an intentional sample of 64 professionals working in seven intensive care units and who apply MR. The self-completed survey was made up of thirteen questions, and the application period was two months. Results: Out of 64 professionals surveyed, 77.8% of them follow a protocol guide; 54.7% employes during RM the ideal Positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP), which maintains a saturation > 90% and a PaO2 > 60 mmHg; 42.1% tolerates airway pressures between 35 and 50 cmH2O; 48.4% perform RM with a progressive increase of the PEEP and a low tidal volume. Conclusions: Regarding the knowledge related to RM, heterogeneity was found in the answers. There is currently no consensus about which is the most effective and secure way to implement an MR. This study can be the starting point to create awareness towards the revision of knowledge, capacities and abilities that are required to perform RM.